The Self and Strong Legal Theory: A Heideggerian Alternative to Fish’s Scepticism

2006 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gavin Byrne
Keyword(s):  
Natural Law ◽  
Legal Theory ◽  
The Self ◽  
Metaphysical Realism ◽  
Socially Constructed ◽  
The World ◽  
The Difference

This essay concerns the question of whether it is possible to have an account of what judges ought to do when they decide cases if one accepts Stanley Fish’s thesis that man is a socially constructed creature, who can only see the world around him in terms of the practice that he is involved in. It puts forward the view that such a position is defensible, provided that one makes different metaphysical commitments to the ones made by Fish. It is argued that Fish is best understood as a metaphysical idealist. The essay seeks to demonstrate that Martin Heidegger’s conception of the self and interpretation are similar to those of Fish, but that, when understood as involving a commitment to metaphysical realism, Heidegger’s philosophy can hold the possibility of strong legal theory open in a way that Fish’s cannot. Michael S. Moore’s natural law position is used in order to articulate what such a position might be. Moore’s example of what a judge ought to do if called upon to define ‘death’ as a concept is used to illustrate the difference between Fish and Heidegger when it comes to metaphysics and strong legal theory, despite their similarities when it comes to an account of interpretation and of the self.

Breakdown of the Teleological View of Life?

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pieter Vos
Keyword(s):  
Virtue Ethics ◽  
Natural Law ◽  
The Self ◽  
The World ◽  
The Law ◽  
Ethical View

In response to Alasdair MacIntyre’s and Brad Gregory’s claim—that the Reformation’s concept of morality in terms of obedience to divine commandments has been a major factor in a catastrophic breakdown in modernity of the teleological view of life and the virtues—this essay aims both to correct this criticism and to reread Calvin from the perspective of virtue ethics. Calvin’s utterances about the nature of the law, virtue, the self before God, one’s calling in the world, natural law and reason appear to be much more in alliance with a teleological, virtue ethical view than MacIntyre suggests. This opens up the possibility of a fruitful interplay between a Reformed account of law and Christian virtue ethics.

scholarly journals Menilik Akseptabilitas Perkawinan Sesama Jenis di dalam Konstitusi Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 620
Author(s):  
Timbo Mangaranap Sirait
Keyword(s):  
Natural Law ◽  
Legal Theory ◽  
Major Elements ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Same Sex Marriage ◽  
The World ◽  
Bisexual And Transgender ◽  
The Law ◽  
Life Phenomena ◽  
Different Parts

Diskursus hubungan antara hukum dengan “moral” dan “fakta” selalu saja menarik untuk dibahas di kalangan sarjana hukum. Hukum kodrat irrasional adalah teori hukum besar yang pertama yang cara pandangnya theocentris mengakui bahwa hukum bersumber dari “moralitas” Tuhan YME. Derivasi nilai moral universal ternyata semakin bermetamorfosa dalam berbagai fenomena kehidupan kemudian dituntut agar diperlakukan setara di hadapan hukum. Di berbagai belahan dunia, Gerakan LGBT (Lesbian, Gay, Biseksual, dan Transgender) dengan perjuangan perkawinan sesama jenis berkembang semakin luas dan telah memfalsifikasi dominasi perkawinan kodrati heteroseksual. Untuk itu, perlu ditilik secara reflektif filosofis akseptabilitas Konstitusi Indonesia atas perkawinan sesama jenis ini. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode pendekatan yuridis normatif melalui cara berpikir deduktif dengan kriterium kebenaran koheren. Sehingga disimpulkan: pertama, kritikan hukum kodrat irrasional yang teosentris terhadap perkawinan sesama jenis, menganggap bahwa sumber hukum adalah “moral” bukan “fakta”, oleh karenanya aturan perundang-undangan dipositifkan dari/dan tidak boleh bertentangan dengan moral Ketuhanan. Oleh karena itu, menurut hukum kodrat irrasional perkawinan sesama jenis tidak mungkin dapat diterima dalam hukum karena bertentangan dengan moralitas Ketuhanan Y.M.E. Kedua, bahwa Konstitusi Indonesia menempatkan Pancasila sebagai grundnorm dengan sila Ketuhanan Yang Maha Esa menjadi fondasi dan bintang pemandu pada Undang-undang Perkawinan Indonesia, yang intinya perkawinan harus antara pria dan wanita (heteroseksual) dengan tujuan membentuk keluarga (rumah tangga). Perkawinan sesama jenis juga tidak dapat diterima karena ketidakmampuan bentuk perkawinan ini untuk memenuhi unsur-unsur utama perkawinan, untuk terjaminnya keberlangsungan kemanusiaan secara berkelanjutan (sustainable).The discourse of relationships between law, moral and facts are always interesting to be discussed among legal scholars. Irrational natural law is the first major legal theory that which theocentris worldview admit that the law derived from the “morality” of the God. The derivation of universal moral values appear increasingly metamorphosed into various life phenomena then are required to be treated equally before the law. In different parts of the world the movement LGBT (Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender) struggle for same-sex marriage has grown falsified domination of heterosexual marriage. Therefore it is necessary be a reflective philosophical divine the acceptability of the Constitution of Indonesia on same-sex marriage. This research was conducted by the method of normative juridical approach, in the frame of a coherent deductive acknowledgement. Concluded, Firstly, criticism Irrational natural law against same-sex marriage, assume that the source of the law is a “moral” rather than “facts”, therefore the rules of law are made of / and should not contradict with the morals of God. Therefore, according to irrational natural law that same-sex marriage may not be accepted in law as contrary to morality God. Secondly, That the Constitution of Indonesia puts Pancasila as the basic norms to please Almighty God be the foundation and a guiding star in the Indonesian Marriage Law, which is essentially a marriage should be between a man and a woman (heterosexual) with purpose of forming a family. Same-sex marriage is not acceptable also because of the inability to fulfill marriage form of the major elements of marriage, ensuring the sustainability of humanity in a sustainable manner.

Leve lang leren: het effect van een positieve leerervaring op de self-efficacy van laagopgeleiden

2013 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc A.W. Damen ◽  
Jos M.A.F. Sanders ◽  
Karen van Dam
Keyword(s):  
Social Learning Theory ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Learning Experience ◽  
World Market ◽  
The Self ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Life Long Learning ◽  
The World ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Low Educated

Long live learning: the effect of positive learning experience on low educated workers’ self-efficacy Long live learning: the effect of positive learning experience on low educated workers’ self-efficacy For both public authorities, businesses and employees ‘life-long learning’ remains increasingly important to maintain their competitive position in relation to other players on the world market and labor market respectively. Life-long learning, however, is not self-evident for everyone. Lower educated workers, for instance, participate less in training than their higher educated colleagues and the difference between these groups is gradually increasing. Goal of this longitudinal study was to measure the effects of training participation and learning experience on the self-efficacy of lower educated employees with regard to learning. Lower educated workers of three different organizations (N = 359) filled out a questionnaire on three moments with an interval of half a year. Training participation alone appeared to have no effect on self-efficacy, but a positive learning experience was positively correlated with an increase in self-efficacy with regard to learning. These results are in line with Bandura’s Social Learning Theory. This demonstrates the importance of a low key training which is aimed at gaining of a positive learning experience among lower educated workers in order to increase self-efficacy and trigger life-long learning.

Semantic Pragmatism and A Priori Knawledge (or ‘Yes we could all be brains in a vat’)

2001 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 455-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry Jackman
Keyword(s):  
A Priori ◽  
The Self ◽  
Semantic Externalism ◽  
Metaphysical Realism ◽  
The World ◽  
Rational Acceptability ◽  
The Mind ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Brain In A Vat

Hilary Putnam has famously argued that we can know that we are not brains in a vat because the hypothesis that we are is self-refuting. While Putnam's argument has generated interest primarily as a novel response to skepticism, he originally introduced his brain in a vat scenario to help illustrate a point about the ‘mind/world relationship.’ In particular, he intended it to be part of an argument against the coherence of metaphysical realism, and thus to be part of a defense of his conception of truth as idealized rational acceptability. Putnam's discussion has already inspired a substantial body of criticism, but it will be argued here that these criticisms fail to capture the central problem with his argument. Indeed, it will be shown that, rather than simply following from his semantic externalism, Putnam's conclusions about the self-refuting character of the brain in a vat hypothesis are actually out of line with central and plausible aspects of his own account of the relationship between our minds and the world.

Legal Theory As a Source of International Law

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iain Scobbie
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
International Law ◽  
Natural Law ◽  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Legal Theory ◽  
New Haven ◽  
Socially Constructed ◽  
Hugo Grotius ◽  
Institutional Order

This chapter argues that legal theory provides conceptions of the sources of international law that differ according to time and place. It employs Neil MacCormick’s explanation of institutional order to argue that conceptual understandings of law, including international law, are socially constructed. The chapter starts from John Austin’s denial that international law possesses the quality of law and then considers the function that sovereignty has played in some explanations of international law and its sources. Afterwards, the analysis focuses on the paradigm shift that Hugo Grotius introduced into natural law, and consequently into international law, by substituting consent for theology as its underpinning explanation. The chapter also considers twentieth-century transatlantic variants of natural law and examines three influential British theorists—James Brierly, Gerald Fitzmaurice, and Hersch Lauterpacht. Finally, before drawing some conclusions, the chapter examines the more instrumentalist naturalism of the New Haven School.

scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF THE DIRECTION OF NATURAL LAW ON THE FORMATION OF JUDICIAL DECISIONS IN THE CONDITIONS OF MODERN SOCIETY

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (51) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kovalenko Hanna
Keyword(s):  
Natural Law ◽  
Legal Theory ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Judicial Decisions ◽  
Legal Thought ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
The World ◽  
Current Events ◽  
The Impact

The views of thinkers and figures representing the direction of natural law, whose ideas had the greatest influence on the world philosophical and legal thought and the formation of the philosophical and legal views of judges, are considered. The interaction between the direction of natural law and the formation of judicial philosophy is shown. The role and importance of natural law for the development of philosophy of justice, which should be in constant contact with current events and problems, which would ensure its leading role in the development of legal theory and practice, through the impact on modern legal thought in Ukraine conditions of modern society.

scholarly journals THE PROBLEM OF THE SPREAD OF XENOPHOBІA AND RACІSM

2021 ◽  
pp. 41-49
Author(s):  
Rostyslav Barabash
Keyword(s):  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
The World ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Set Up

At the heart of nihilism is the problem of the Self-Other relationship, the monologue of the autonomous, self-contained, narcissistic self-subject who objectifies the world and other people around him, does not perceive the difference, "otherness" in all its manifestations. The nihilistic attitude is set up for the perception of the Other as an enemy of the Alien, the destruction of everything that is not like the Self.

scholarly journals A Literary Piece as a Sociological Work: The Concept of Modernity in Karel Čapek’s "War With the Newts"

Adeptus ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karel Hlaváček
Keyword(s):  
Modern Society ◽  
The Self ◽  
Modern Age ◽  
Theodor Adorno ◽  
The World ◽  
Social Totality ◽  
Sociological Work ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Insight Into

A literary Piece as a Sociological Work: The Concept of Modernity in Karel Čapek’s War With the NewtsIn this text, I interpret Karel Čapek’s novel War With the Newts (1936) as a sociological work and analyze the concept of the modern age that it presents. First, I show in what sense Čapek’s work was sociological. Following Theodor Adorno, I suggest that the difference between literature and sociology is not of a fundamental but of a historical and analytical nature, and that what defines sociology is not method, empiricism, or explicitly defined concepts, but the insightful notion of social totality. In Čapek, I analyze a social totality that I find in his concept of the modern age. Such an analysis provides insight into the self-destructive power of modern society. I suggest that Čapek’s portrayal of modernity still applies today and that we can recognize the same patterns he presented in the world around us. Utwór literacki jako dzieło socjologiczne. Koncepcja nowoczesności w Inwazji jaszczurów Karela ČapkaW artykule analizuję powieść Karela Čapka Inwazja jaszczurów (1936) jako pracę socjologiczną, skupiając się na zaprezentowanej w niej koncepcji nowoczesności. W pierwszej części tekstu pokazuję, w jakim sensie można uznać pracę Čapka za socjologiczną. Podążając śladami Theodora W. Adorna, uważam, że różnica między literaturą a socjologią nie jest fundamentalna, a jedynie historyczna i analityczna, oraz że wyróżnikiem socjologii nie są metoda, empiryzm czy jednoznacznie zdefiniowane koncepcje, lecz dające głęboki wgląd pojęcie całości społecznej. W drugiej części tekstu analizuję zidentyfikowane przeze mnie u Čapka pojęcie całości społecznej, jakie stanowi jego koncepcja nowoczesności. Analiza ta pozwala uzyskać wgląd w autodestrukcyjną moc nowoczesnego społeczeństwa. Staram się dowieść, że przedstawiona przez tego autora wizja nowoczesności jest wciąż aktualna, a opisane przez niego wzory możemy zaobserwować w otaczającym nas świecie.

I Like Her, Because I Like Myself: Self-Evaluation as a Source of Interpersonal Attitudes

2003 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 239-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Walther ◽  
Claudia Trasselli
Keyword(s):  
Opposite Effect ◽  
Learning Phase ◽  
The Self ◽  
Attitude Formation ◽  
Formation Processes ◽  
False Feedback ◽  
Self Evaluation ◽  
Evaluation Group ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Difference

Abstract. Two experiments tested the hypothesis that self-evaluation can serve as a source of interpersonal attitudes. In the first study, self-evaluation was manipulated by means of false feedback. A subsequent learning phase demonstrated that the co-occurrence of the self with another individual influenced the evaluation of this previously neutral target. Whereas evaluative self-target similarity increased under conditions of negative self-evaluation, an opposite effect emerged in the positive self-evaluation group. A second study replicated these findings and showed that the difference between positive and negative self-evaluation conditions disappeared when a load manipulation was applied. The implications of self-evaluation for attitude formation processes are discussed.

Inter-country inequality as a dynamic process and the problem of post-industrial development

2018 ◽  
pp. 5-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. M. Grigoryev ◽  
V. A. Pavlyushina
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Modern World ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Development Level ◽  
The World ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Post Industrial

The phenomenon of economic growth is studied by economists and statisticians in various aspects for a long time. Economic theory is devoted to assessing factors of growth in the tradition of R. Solow, R. Barrow, W. Easterly and others. During the last quarter of the century, however, the institutionalists, namely D. North, D. Wallis, B. Weingast as well as D. Acemoglu and J. Robinson, have shown the complexity of the problem of development on the part of socioeconomic and political institutions. As a result, solving the problem of how economic growth affects inequality between countries has proved extremely difficult. The modern world is very diverse in terms of development level, and the article offers a new approach to the formation of the idea of stylized facts using cluster analysis. The existing statistics allows to estimate on a unified basis the level of GDP production by 174 countries of the world for 1992—2016. The article presents a structured picture of the world: the distribution of countries in seven clusters, different in levels of development. During the period under review, there was a strong per capita GDP growth in PPP in the middle of the distribution, poverty in various countries declined markedly. At the same time, in 1992—2016, the difference increased not only between rich and poor groups of countries, but also between clusters.

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