Postmodernist Psychobabble: The Recovery Movement for Individual Self-Esteem in Mental Health Since World War II

1997 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-154
Author(s):  
Hamilton Cravens

By the middle 1990s the recovery movement for personal self-esteem and, thus, mental health for the individual, had reached a new level of penetration into American culture. Many commentators and interpreters of contemporary affairs judged the President of the United States, Bill Clinton, a potential recruit. As the archetypical adult child of an alcoholic parent—the product of a dysfunctional family if there ever was one, according to the movement's clerics-Clinton seemed lacking in selfesteem. His painful childhood was the culprit. And recovery was the solution. In a word, he was too anxious to please his critics—the classic trademark of the adult child of an alcoholic parent. Contemporary therapists taught that such persons were placaters of their critics because of the emotional abuse that their parents had inflicted on them, often for no apparent reason. The damaged child, regardless of his or her chronological age, could not, without appropriate therapy and personal “recovery,” ever get over such incidents, which were seared into their psychological and neurophysiological apparatus.

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S935-S935
Author(s):  
Patricia M Morton ◽  
Blakelee Kemp ◽  
Frass Ahmed

Abstract Numerous studies have demonstrated that child abuse is associated with poor adult mental health, but few have investigated the extent to which the frequency of different types of abuse increase mental health conditions, especially at the nexus of gender. The present study examines whether parental abuse frequency and abuse perpetrator have distinct effects for men and women on three mental health outcomes—depressive symptoms, generalized anxiety, and global self-reported mental health. Data came from three waves of the National Survey of Midlife Development in the United States (MIDUS), comprising a baseline sample of 3,032 adults aged 25-74. Estimating a series of mixed effects models revealed that maternal abuse and frequent abuse during childhood were associated with poorer adult mental health during our 20-year observation period, net of childhood and adult risk factors. Specifically, maternal emotional abuse raised the risk of depression, anxiety, and lower self-rated mental health, and was more strongly associated with depression and anxiety for women than men. Compared to adults who did not experience parental abuse during childhood, adults who experienced frequent emotional and physical abuse by either parent were more likely to experience depression and anxiety and report lower ratings of mental health in adulthood. Frequent child abuse was more strongly associated with anxiety for women than men. These results demonstrate that gender differences in adult mental health have early-life antecedents. Future research investigating the long-term mental health consequences of child abuse should consider the type and magnitude of abuse as well as the perpetrator.


Author(s):  
Brian J. Low

Past research into the mental hygiene movement in Canada and the United States has tended to view it in isolation from co-temporary projects funded by Rockefeller philanthropy, such as mass communications research. The mental hygiene campaign aimed to modify adult-child relations by reducing the influence parents and teachers held over children’s personality development; the central aim of mass communications research was the development of conformity of opinion. One a project of social engineering, the other of social control, the two projects combined appear to have possessed considerable potential to work in concert to shift weight in the socializing matrix from families and schools to the media at the outset of the post-World War II baby boom.


2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S934-S934
Author(s):  
Patricia M Morton ◽  
Blakelee Kemp ◽  
Frass Ahmed

Abstract Numerous studies have demonstrated that child abuse is associated with poor adult mental health, but few have investigated the extent to which the frequency of different types of abuse increase mental health conditions, especially at the nexus of gender. The present study examines whether parental abuse frequency and abuse perpetrator have distinct effects for men and women on three mental health outcomes—depressive symptoms, generalized anxiety, and global self-reported mental health. Data came from three waves of the National Survey of Midlife Development in the United States (MIDUS), comprising a baseline sample of 3,032 adults aged 25-74. Estimating a series of mixed effects models revealed that maternal abuse and frequent abuse during childhood were associated with poorer adult mental health during our 20-year observation period, net of childhood and adult risk factors. Specifically, maternal emotional abuse raised the risk of depression, anxiety, and lower self-rated mental health, and was more strongly associated with depression and anxiety for women than men. Compared to adults who did not experience parental abuse during childhood, adults who experienced frequent emotional and physical abuse by either parent were more likely to experience depression and anxiety and report lower ratings of mental health in adulthood. Frequent child abuse was more strongly associated with anxiety for women than men. These results demonstrate that gender differences in adult mental health have early-life antecedents. Future research investigating the long-term mental health consequences of child abuse should consider the type and magnitude of abuse as well as the perpetrator.


Author(s):  
Lauren Mizock ◽  
Zlatka Russinova

Chapter 2 offers an overview of the recovery movement in the provision of mental health care for serious mental illness. Within the recovery movement in mental illness treatment, recovery is understood as a process of living a satisfying life of well-being and autonomy, as opposed to mere symptom elimination. Early theory of the recovery paradigm is outlined, highlighting the process of acceptance of serious mental illness within this model. Applications of the recovery paradigm to mental health care are discussed, as well as the various types of recovery from a serious mental illness. Acceptance is examined as the neglected paradox of recovery. Other parts of the chapter include discussion questions, activities, the “Personal Recovery Processes Worksheet,” and diagrams.


2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-47
Author(s):  
Kylie M. Smith

AbstractIn 1952, Hildegard Peplau published her textbook Interpersonal Relations in Nursing: A Conceptual Frame of Reference for Psychodynamic Nursing. This was the same year the American Psychiatric Association (APA) published the first edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (1st ed.; DSM-I; APA). These events occurred in the context of a rapidly changing policy and practice environment in the United States after World War II, where the passing of the National Mental Health Act in 1946 released vast amounts of funding for the establishment of the National Institute of Mental Health and the development of advanced educational programs for the mental health professions including nursing. This article explores the work of two nurse leaders, Hildegard Peplau and Dorothy Mereness, as they developed their respective graduate psychiatric nursing programs and sought to create new knowledge for psychiatric nursing that would facilitate the development of advanced nursing practice. Both nurses had strong ideas about what they felt this practice should look like and developed distinct and particular approaches to their respective programs. This reflected a common belief that it was only through nurse-led education that psychiatric nursing could shape its own practice and control its own future. At the same time, there are similarities in the thinking of Peplau and Mereness that demonstrate the link between the specific social context of mental health immediately after World War II and the development of modern psychiatric nursing. Psychiatric nurses were able to gain significant control of their own education and practice after the war, but this was not without a struggle and some limitations, which continue to impact on the profession today.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 122-143
Author(s):  
Katie Koo ◽  
Gudrun Nyunt ◽  
Boshi Wang

This study investigated the relation between Internet addiction and several associated factors (mental health, academic performance, socioeconomic status, self-esteem, demographic characteristics) for international students in the United States. One hundred and fifty-seven international students at a U.S. university completed five questionnaires: an Internet usage behavior questionnaire, an Internet addiction scale, a self-esteem inventory, a mental health inventory, and a demographic questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS to examine the relation between Internet addiction and associated factors. The results indicated that male students who speak English as a second language and who are not religious are more likely to develop Internet addiction. Academic performance and socioeconomic status were found to be positive predictors of Internet addiction, and mental health and self-esteem were found to be negative predictors of Internet addiction. The relations between other associated factors were also examined.


Author(s):  
Catherine Fuchsel

The Sí, Yo Puedo (SYP) program manual/book is a culturally specific 11-week curriculum designed to provide education on domestic violence, promote self-esteem, prevent domestic violence, help participants understand healthy relationships within a cultural framework, and empower immigrant Latina women to access resources and support systems in their respective communities. The step-by-step and structured SYP program manual/book is intended for bilingual Spanish-English speaking licensed graduate mental health professionals who work with immigrant Latina women or Latina women in general across the United States and around the world in direct practice settings and who want to offer psycho-educational groups. Each week, immigrant Latina women meet for two hours in a group format setting.The SYP curriculum is divided into three parts: Part I: Awareness of Self, Part II: Knowledge of Relationships within Culture, and Part III: Impact of Factors on Relationships. The mental health professional (i.e., group facilitator) teaches and facilitates large-group discussion among group members on the following topics: (a) Introductions and Who Am I?; (b) Coping Strategies; (c) Self-Esteem; (d) Influences of Past Trauma; (e) Dating; (f) Cultural Concepts: Machismo, Familism, and Marianismo; (g) Healthy Relationships; (h) Domestic Violence; (i) Factors Influencing Relationships or Sexual Abuse; (j) Talking to Children; and (k) Resources and Graduation. Through group discussion and instruction, in-class drawing and writing self-reflection exercises, and peer support, immigrant Latina women are empowered to examine their identity, self-esteem, and current relationships and to potentially make changes in their lives.


2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 248-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Kiang ◽  
Steve Folmar ◽  
Kristen Gentry

Caste is a primary basis for oppression in many parts of South Asia with individuals from low caste backgrounds commonly experiencing the degradation of untouchability and daily discrimination at both individual and systemic levels. The current study uses a mixed-methods, interdisciplinary approach to examine links between social status, identity, and mental health among 295 adolescents (51% females) from different social groups in Nepal. Quantitative surveys reveal that youth from low caste Dalit groups report more anxiety, depression, and low self-esteem compared with their counterparts from high caste (e.g., Brahmin) and ethnic indigenous (e.g., Gurung) groups. Caste identity is positively related to outcomes but does not significantly counteract the negative effects of social status. Ethnographic and interview data are used to inform, contextualize, and interpret these quantitative findings. Conceptual parallels to current race relations experienced in the United States are considered and discussed.


2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 400-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glenn Roberts ◽  
Jed Boardman

SummaryThe principles of recovery have been supported by UK mental health policy and have been incorporated into policy in several countries worldwide. In this article we examine the ideas, principles and definitions of recovery and their origins. Personal recovery is contrasted with clinical recovery and the nature and development of the recovery movement is outlined. The principal factors influencing personal recovery are hope, control and opportunity. In an accompanying article we discuss the implications of these principles for training and practice.


Crisis ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 294-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias Teismann ◽  
Laura Paashaus ◽  
Paula Siegmann ◽  
Peter Nyhuis ◽  
Marcus Wolter ◽  
...  

Abstract. Background: Suicide ideation is a prerequisite for suicide attempts. However, the majority of ideators will never act on their thoughts. It is therefore crucial to understand factors that differentiate those who consider suicide from those who make suicide attempts. Aim: Our aim was to investigate the role of protective factors in differentiating non-ideators, suicide ideators, and suicide attempters. Method: Inpatients without suicide ideation ( n = 32) were compared with inpatients with current suicide ideation ( n = 37) and with inpatients with current suicide ideation and a lifetime history of suicide attempts ( n = 26) regarding positive mental health, self-esteem, trust in higher guidance, social support, and reasons for living. Results: Non-ideators reported more positive mental health, social support, reasons for living, and self-esteem than suicide ideators and suicide attempters did. No group differences were found regarding trust in higher guidance. Suicide ideators and suicide attempters did not differ regarding any of the study variables. Limitations: Results stem from a cross-sectional study of suicide attempts; thus, neither directionality nor generalizability to fatal suicide attempts can be determined. Conclusion: Various protective factors are best characterized to distinguish ideators from nonsuicidal inpatients. However, the same variables seem to offer no information about the difference between ideators and attempters.


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