Decreasing prevalence of brucellosis in red deer through efforts to control disease in livestock

2011 ◽  
Vol 139 (10) ◽  
pp. 1626-1630 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. SERRANO ◽  
P. C. CROSS ◽  
M. BENERIA ◽  
A. FICAPAL ◽  
J. CURIA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Sympatric Population ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Sheep And Goats ◽  
Game Reserve ◽  
Control Disease

SUMMARYWhen a pathogen infects a number of different hosts, the process of determining the relative importance of each host species to the persistence of the pathogen is often complex. Removal of a host species is a potential but rarely possible way of discovering the importance of that species to the dynamics of the disease. This study presents the results of a 12-year programme aimed at controlling brucellosis in cattle, sheep and goats and the cascading impacts on brucellosis in a sympatric population of red deer (Cervus elaphus) in the Boumort National Game Reserve (BNGR; NE Spain). From February 1998 to December 2009, local veterinary agencies tested over 36 180 individual blood samples from cattle, 296 482 from sheep and goats and 1047 from red deer in the study area. All seropositive livestock were removed annually. From 2006 to 2009 brucellosis was not detected in cattle and in 2009 only one of 97 red deer tested was found to be positive. The surveillance and removal of positive domestic animals coincided with a significant decrease in the prevalence of brucellosis in red deer. Our results suggest that red deer may not be able to maintain brucellosis in this region independently of cattle, sheep or goats, and that continued efforts to control disease in livestock may lead to the eventual eradication of brucellosis in red deer in the area.

scholarly journals Vertebrate fauna of Vinca - Belo Brdo: Excavation campaigns 1998-2003

Starinar ◽  
2006 ◽  
pp. 245-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vesna Dimitrijevic
Keyword(s):  
Wild Boar ◽  
Food Supply ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Domestic Animal ◽  
Additional Food ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Sheep And Goats ◽  
Vertebrate Fauna

Vertebrate remains from the Late Vinca layers of the site Belo Brdo in the present day village of Vinca are studied. These include the bones of mammals birds, tortoises, fish, in addition to mollusc shells. The most important are remains of mammals, among which domestic animals slightly outnumber game. Five species of domestic animal are present: dog, and four economically important species - cattle, pigs, sheep and goats. Cattle bones preponderate within domestic animals, but pig remains are also numerous. Red deer, wild boar and roe deer are the most frequently hunted prey. Birds were rarely hunted, but fishing was a regular activity. Occasionally, tortoises and river clams were collected as an additional food supply.

scholarly journals Gammaherpesvirus in Cervid Species from Norway: Characterization of a New Virus in Wild and Semi-Domesticated Eurasian Tundra Reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus)

Viruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 876
Author(s):  
Carlos G. das Neves ◽  
Carlos Sacristán ◽  
Knut Madslien ◽  
Morten Tryland
Keyword(s):  
Dna Polymerase ◽  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Rangifer Tarandus ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Rangifer Tarandus Tarandus ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Wild Reindeer

Gammaherpesvirus infections have been described in cervids worldwide, mainly the genera Macavirus or Rhadinovirus. However, little is known about the gammaherpesviruses species infecting cervids in Norway and Fennoscandia. Blood samples from semi-domesticated (n = 39) and wild (n = 35) Eurasian tundra reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus), moose (Alces alces, n = 51), and red deer (Cervus elaphus, n = 41) were tested using a panherpesvirus DNA polymerase (DPOL) PCR. DPOL-PCR-positive samples were subsequently tested for the presence of glycoprotein B (gB) gene. The viral DPOL gene was amplified in 28.2% (11/39) of the semi-domesticated reindeer and in 48.6% (17/35) of the wild reindeer. All moose and red deer tested negative. Additionally, gB gene was amplified in 4 of 11 semi-domesticated and 15 of 17 wild Eurasian reindeer DPOL-PCR-positive samples. All the obtained DPOL and gB sequences were highly similar among them, and corresponded to a novel gammaherpesvirus species, tentatively named Rangiferine gammaherpesvirus 1, that seemed to belong to a genus different from Macavirus and Rhadinovirus. This is the first report of a likely host-specific gammaherpesvirus in semi-domesticated reindeer, an economic and cultural important animal, and in wild tundra reindeer, the lastpopulation in Europe. Future studies are required to clarify the potential impact of this gammaherpesvirus on reindeer health.

scholarly journals Incidence of bovine tuberculosis in wild and domestic animals other than cattle in six Central European countries during 1990–1999

2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 122-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Pavlik ◽  
M. Machackova ◽  
W. Yayo Ayele ◽  
J. Lamka ◽  
I. Parmova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Bovine Tuberculosis ◽  
Sus Scrofa ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Puma Concolor ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Bison Bison ◽  
European Bison ◽  
Domestic Sheep ◽  
Wild Animals

The study was undertaken in Croatia, Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia and Slovenia laying between Baltic and Adriatic seas on 610 402 km<sup>2</sup>. Mycobacterium bovis infection was diagnosed in 70 animals belonging to 17 species other than cattle. The set of wild animals comprised 12 European bison (Bison bonasus), one red deer (Cervus elaphus), five wild boars (Sus scrofa), and one European wild goat (Capra aegagrus) bred in a game park. Further positive animals included two farmed red deer (Cervus elaphus) and one bactrian camel (Camelus ferus) owned by a circus. The infection was also demonstrated in 18 domestic animals belonging to 3 species living on farms where bovine tuberculosis was diagnosed in cattle. This set included 12 domestic pigs (Sus scrofa f. domestica), two domestic sheep (Ovis ammon f. aries), and four dogs (Canis lupus f. familiaris). The set of animals bred in zoological gardens consisted of 30 animals belonging to 9 species as follows: three bison (Bison bison), four tapirs (Tapirus terrestris), one cassowary (Casuarius casuarius &ndash; isolate identified by the biological assay in guinea pigs only), eight sitatungas (Tragelaphus spekei), three elands (Taurotragus oryx), one gnu (Connochaetes taurinus), eight reticulated giraffes (Giraffa cameloparadlis reticulata), one puma (Puma concolor), and one Vietnamese pot-bellied pig (Sus bucculentus). Although, considering the population sizes, absolute numbers of the infected individuals are rather low, wild animals or such animals bred in captivity should be regarded as possible reservoirs of the causative agent of bovine tuberculosis. Tests for bovine tuberculosis are therefore necessary before transportation of all wild animals. Any lesion arousing suspicion of tuberculosis found on necropsy of wild animals must be laboratory examined for the presence of mycobacteria.

Circannual changes in serum concentrations of thyroxine, calcitonin and parathormone in immature and mature red deer females (Cervus elaphus)

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 613-619
Author(s):  
J. Kuba ◽  
B. Błaszczyk ◽  
T. Stankiewicz ◽  
E. Kwita ◽  
J. Udała
Keyword(s):  
Concentration Profile ◽  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Reproductive Activity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Spring Period

Abstract The aim of this study was to determine circannual changes in the serum concentrations of thyroxine, calcitonin and parathormone in mature and immature red deer females. Blood samples from 8 hinds were collected monthly for 26 months. Secretions of thyroxine and calcitonin showed circannual rhythms with significantly higher levels in the immature hinds compared to the mature animals (p<0.05). For thyroxine, the concentration was higher in the winter/spring period than in summer/autumn (p<0.05), while for calcitonin the concentration profile was the opposite (p<0.05). The concentration of parathormone was significantly higher in summer/autumn that in the other months of the experiment (p<0.01). These results may indicate that the hormones investigated may be involved in the regulation of seasonal reproductive activity and in processes contributing to entering puberty in red deer females.

scholarly journals Bovine tuberculosis in safari park in Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daiane A.R. Lima ◽  
Rudielle A. Rodrigues ◽  
Rodrigo N. Etges ◽  
Flábio R. Araújo
Keyword(s):  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Bovine Tuberculosis ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Fallow Deer ◽  
The State ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Dama Dama ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Cervus Unicolor

ABSTRACT: Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium bovis, affecting domestic animals, wild animals and humans. In captivity, for wild animals, bTB represents a risk to animal keepers and zoo visitors, in addition to the possibility of spreading the infection to domestic animals or through the trade of infected wild animals. Sambar (Cervus unicolor), red deer (Cervus elaphus) and fallow deer (Dama dama) from a safari park in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, showed a clinical condition of dyspnea and weight loss. Some animals died and showed lesions suggestive of tuberculosis (LST), which were confirmed by histopathology. After the interdiction of the safari park by the state veterinary authorities, 281 deer were euthanized with the authorization of the “Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais Renováveis” (IBAMA). Retropharyngeal and submandibular lymph nodes and viscera were collected from 21 animals, which were grown in Stonebrink medium for up to 90 days. After DNA extraction from the bacterial colonies, PCR was performed for targets flanking the region of differentiation 4 (RD4). Of the 21 samples, 14 (66.7%) presented LST with a granulomatous appearance, a whitish coloration, and caseous or calcified consistency, and seven samples (33.3%), showed no lesions. In the culture of 14 samples with LST, 13 (92.8%) presented bacterial growth compatible with M. bovis. In the cultivation of the seven samples without LST, four (57.1%) presented colonies compatible with M. bovis. PCR and DNA sequencing of the PCR amplicons detected as positive all the 17 (100%) bacteriological cultures suggestive of M. bovis, thus confirming the outbreak of bTB in deer. Decisions about positive tested and suspicious animals should be taken based on the evaluation of the risk of transmission to the rest of the zoological animals, animal welfare, conservation considerations and, the zoonotic potential of this pathogen.

Direct versus indirect effects of social rank, maternal weight, body condition and age on milk production in Iberian red deer (Cervus elaphus hispanicus)

2009 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomás Landete-Castillejos ◽  
Francisco Ceacero ◽  
Andrés J García ◽  
Jose A. Estevez ◽  
Laureano Gallego
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Social Rank ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Maternal Weight ◽  
Cervus Elaphus Hispanicus ◽  
Iberian Red Deer

Social rank in cervids and other mammals is not entirely predicted by body weight, but in most cases influences access to food directly. Milk provisioning depends on maternal weight and on daily food intake. Usually, body weight, body condition, age and social rank are inter-correlated making it very difficult to discern the relative importance of each variable to milk production. This study used path analysis to assess direct versus indirect effects of these variables on milk production of 62 Iberian red deer hinds (Cervus elaphus hispanicus). Once the known direct effects of body weight and body condition were set as fixed, hind age and social rank did not affect milk production directly. In contrast, they exerted an indirect influence through the correlation both with hind body weight and body condition. Body weight exerted an effect on milk production nearly twice as great as that of body condition. This study shows, for the first time in a wild mammal, the relative importance of social rank, body weight, body condition and age in affecting milk production ability.

scholarly journals Differences in the proportions of branched-chain fatty acids in subcutaneous triacylglycerols of barley-fed ruminants

1978 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. R. H. Duncan ◽  
G. A. Garton
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Sheep And Goats ◽  
Branched Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

1. The fatty acids of the triacylglycerols of subcutaneous adipose tissue of cattle, sheep, goats and red deer (Cervus elaphus) which consumed either herbage or a barley-rich diet were analysed for their content of branched-chain components.2. Whereas the consumption of the barley-rich diet by sheep and goats was associated with the occurrence of relatively high proportions of branched-chain fatty acids, it was not in cattle and red deer.

Physiological responses of farmed red deer to management practices and their modulation by long-acting neuroleptics

1996 ◽  
Vol 126 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Diverio ◽  
P. J. Goddard ◽  
I. J. Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Heart Rates ◽  
Long Acting ◽  
Behavioural Evidence

SUMMARYTwelve red deer (Cervus elaphus) hinds from a research facility in Eastern Scotland were randomly divided into two groups between June and September to study the physiological response to three management practices, given sequentially, which were expected to cause increasing levels of stress (herding; herding and handling; and herding, handling and a veterinary procedure). One group of animals received a long-acting neuroleptic (LAN; perphenazine enanthate and zuclopenthixol acetate) on three occasions at 4-week intervals. Automatic blood sampling equipment (ABSE) was used to obtain blood samples remotely before, during and after the application of each of the stressors. The plasma concentrations of cortisol, creatine phosphokinase (CPK), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total protein (TP), 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4) and testosterone (T) were measured and heart rates recorded. The ABSE provided a useful means of collecting blood samples without the superimposition of stress factors associated with conventional sampling. Increases in plasma concentrations of cortisol (P<0·01), CPK (P<0·01) and AST (P<0·05) were observed in all animals in response to all three management practices. There were smaller increases in plasma cortisol concentration (P<0·05) in those animals treated with LAN. The results suggested a degree of habituation of the hinds to some procedures common to all treatments, in agreement with previous analysis of the behavioual response of these animals. Peaks of heart rate were recorded over the 30-min period stressors were applied. Higher heart rates and T3 and T4 concentrations were observed in LAN-treated animals. Heart rates returned to baseline more rapidly in the LAN-treated animals. Higher plasma concentrations of testosterone were recorded in the first week of the study (P<0·001). Physiological and behavioural evidence supports the view that LANs are effective long-term tranquillizers in red deer.

Vocalizations in red deer (Cervus elaphus), sika deer (Cervus nippon), and red × sika hybrids

1998 ◽  
Vol 244 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Long ◽  
N.P. Moore ◽  
T. J. Hayden
Keyword(s):  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Sika Deer ◽  
Cervus Nippon

The deer of the island of Lampedusa (Pelagian Archipelago, Italy): literary references and osteological evidence

2002 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARCO MASSETP ◽  
BRUNO ZAVA
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Taxonomic Relationships

During the nineteenth century, scientific literature and official reports recorded the occurrence of a population of red deer, Cervus elaphus, on the island of Lampedusa (Pelagian Archipelago, Italy). Osteological specimens collected by the zoologist Enrico Hillier Giglioli towards the end of the century confirmed these references. Since cervids are not found among the fossil fauna of the island, the red deer must have been introduced by man although we do not yet know precisely when. The former existence of the species on Lampedusa is discussed by comparison of literary material and bone evidence. The population's probable origins and its taxonomic relationships with other Mediterranean red deer populations are also analysed.

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