Comparison of resistance to third-generation cephalosporins inShigellabetween Europe-America and Asia-Africa from 1998 to 2012

2015 ◽  
Vol 143 (13) ◽  
pp. 2687-2699 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. GU ◽  
M. ZHOU ◽  
X. KE ◽  
S. PAN ◽  
Y. CAO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Rational Use ◽  
Total Prevalence ◽  
Rational Use Of Antibiotics ◽  
Resistance Rates ◽  
Third Generation Cephalosporins

SUMMARYWe conducted a systematic review to compare resistance to third-generation cephalosporins (TGCs) inShigellastrains between Europe-America and Asia-Africa from 1998 to 2012 based on a literature search of computerized databases. In Asia-Africa, the prevalence of resistance of total and different subtypes to ceftriaxone, cefotaxime and ceftazidime increased markedly, with a total prevalence of resistance up to 14·2% [95% confidence interval (CI) 3·9–29·4], 22·6% (95% CI 4·8–48·6) and 6·2% (95% CI 3·8–9·1) during 2010–2012, respectively. By contrast, resistance rates to these TGCs in Europe-America remained relatively low – less than 1·0% during the 15 years. A noticeable finding was that certain countries both in Europe-America and Asia-Africa, had a rapid rising trend in the prevalence of resistance ofS. sonnei, which even outnumberedS. flexneriin some periods. Moreover, comparison between countries showed that currently the most serious problem concerning resistance to these TGCs appeared in Vietnam, especially for ceftriaxone, China, especially for cefotaxime and Iran, especially for ceftazidime. These data suggest that monitoring of the drug resistance ofShigellastrains should be strengthened and that rational use of antibiotics is required.

Changing patterns and widening of antibiotic resistance inShigellaspp. over a decade (2000–2011), Andaman Islands, India

2014 ◽  
Vol 143 (3) ◽  
pp. 470-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. BHATTACHARYA ◽  
H. BHATTACHARYA ◽  
D. S. SAYI ◽  
A. P. BHARADWAJ ◽  
M. SINGHANIA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
Drug Resistance Pattern ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Third Generation Cephalosporins

SUMMARYThis study is a part of the surveillance study on childhood diarrhoea in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands; here we report the drug resistance pattern of recent isolates ofShigellaspp. (2006–2011) obtained as part of that study and compare it with that ofShigellaisolates obtained earlier during 2000–2005. During 2006–2011, stool samples from paediatric diarrhoea patients were collected and processed for isolation and identification ofShigellaspp. Susceptibility to 22 antimicrobial drugs was tested and minimum inhibitory concentrations were determined for third-generation cephalosporins, quinolones, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid combinations and gentamicin. A wide spectrum of antibiotic resistance was observed in theShigellastrains obtained during 2006–2011. The proportions of resistant strains showed an increase from 2000–2005 to 2006–2011 in 20/22 antibiotics tested. The number of drug resistance patterns increased from 13 in 2000–2005 to 43 in 2006–2011. Resistance to newer generation fluoroquinolones, third-generation cephalosporins and augmentin, which was not observed during 2000–2005, appeared during 2006–2011. The frequency of resistance inShigellaisolates has increased substantially between 2000–2006 and 2006–2011, with a wide spectrum of resistance. At present, the option for antimicrobial therapy in shigellosis in Andaman is limited to a small number of drugs.

scholarly journals National Prevalence of Resistance to Third-Generation Cephalosporins in Escherichia coli Isolates from Layer Flocks in France

2013 ◽  
Vol 57 (12) ◽  
pp. 6351-6353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Chauvin ◽  
Laetitia Le Devendec ◽  
Eric Jouy ◽  
Maena Le Cornec ◽  
Sylvie Francart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Generation Cephalosporin ◽  
Gene Control ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
National Prevalence ◽  
Third Generation Cephalosporins

ABSTRACTResistance ofEscherichia colito third-generation cephalosporin (3GC) in fecal samples representative of French egg production was studied. The susceptibility to cefotaxime ofE. coliisolates obtained by culture on nonselective media was determined. Twenty-two nonsusceptible isolates were obtained (7.51%; 95% confidence interval, 4.49 to 10.54%), the majority of which came from young birds. Most isolates carried ablaCTX-M-1group gene, and a few carried ablaCMY-2-like gene. Control of 3GC resistance in laying hens is needed.

scholarly journals A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Examining Pneumonia-Associated Mortality in Dementia

2014 ◽  
Vol 39 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 52-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norine C. Foley ◽  
Rebecca H. Affoo ◽  
Ruth E. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Comparison Group ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Isi Web Of Science ◽  
The Subject

Background: Although it is generally accepted that deaths associated with pneumonia are more common in patients with dementia, no comprehensive reviews on the subject have previously been published. Summary: Relevant studies were identified through a literature search of the PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and ISI Web of Science databases for publications up to August 2013. Studies were included if (1) a group of adult subjects with dementia and a (comparison) group composed of subjects without dementia were included, (2) the cause(s) of death was/were reported, and (3) pneumonia was identified as one of the possible causes of death. The occurrence of death due to pneumonia associated with dementia was expressed as an odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI). Thirteen studies were included. The odds of death resulting from pneumonia were significantly increased for persons with any form of dementia compared with those without dementia (OR = 2.22, 95% CI 1.44-3.42, p < 0.001). In a subgroup analysis, using the results from 8 studies that restricted inclusion to persons with Alzheimer's disease, the odds of death resulting from pneumonia were also significantly higher (OR = 1.70, 95% CI 1.12-2.58, p = 0.013). Key Messages: The odds of pneumonia-associated mortality were increased more than 2-fold for patients with dementia. © 2014 S. Karger AG, Basel

scholarly journals Increasingly limited options for the treatment of enteric fever in travellers returning to England, 2014–2019: a cross-sectional analytical study

2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Trent Herdman ◽  
Basel Karo ◽  
Jayshree Dave ◽  
Parisha Katwa ◽  
Joanne Freedman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Enteric Fever ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Empirical Treatment ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Returning Travellers ◽  
Empirical Antibiotics ◽  
Third Generation Cephalosporins

Introduction. Enteric fever (caused by Salmonella enterica serovars Typhi and Paratyphi) frequently presents as an acute, undifferentiated febrile illness in returning travellers, requiring timely empirical antibiotics. Gap Statement. Determining which empirical antibiotics to prescribe for enteric fever requires up-to-date knowledge of susceptibility patterns. Aim. By characterising factors associated with antimicrobial resistance in cases of S. Typhi and S. Paratyphi imported to England, we aim to guide effective empirical treatment. Methodology. All English isolates of S. Typhi and S. Paratyphi 2014–2019 underwent antimicrobial susceptibility testing; results were compared to a previous survey in London 2005–2012. Risk factors for antimicrobial resistance were analysed with logistic regression models to predict adjusted odds ratios (aOR) for resistance to individual antibiotics and multi-drug resistance. Results. We identified 1088 cases of S. Typhi, 729 S. Paratyphi A, 93 S. Paratyphi B, and one S. Paratyphi C. In total, 93 % were imported. Overall, 90 % of S. Typhi and 97 % of S. Paratyphi A isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin; 26 % of S. Typhi were multidrug resistant to ciprofloxacin, amoxicillin, co-trimoxazole, and chloramphenicol (MDR+FQ). Of the isolates, 4 % of S. Typhi showed an extended drug resistance (XDR) phenotype of MDR+FQ plus resistance to third-generation cephalosporins, with cases of XDR rising sharply in recent years (none before 2017, one in 2017, six in 2018, 32 in 2019). For S. Typhi isolates, resistance to ciprofloxacin was associated with travel to Pakistan (aOR=32.0, 95 % CI: 15.4–66.4), India (aOR=21.8, 95 % CI: 11.6–41.2), and Bangladesh (aOR=6.2, 95 % CI: 2.8–13.6) compared to travel elsewhere, after adjusting for rising prevalence of resistance over time. MDR+FQ resistance in S. Typhi isolates was associated with travel to Pakistan (aOR=3.5, 95 % CI: 2.4–5.2) and less likely with travel to India (aOR=0.07, 95 % CI 0.04–0.15) compared to travel elsewhere. All XDR cases were imported from Pakistan. No isolate was resistant to azithromycin. Comparison with the 2005–2012 London survey indicates substantial increases in the prevalence of resistance of S. Typhi isolates to ciprofloxacin associated with travel to Pakistan (from 79–98 %) and Africa (from 12–60 %). Conclusion. Third-generation cephalosporins and azithromycin remain appropriate choices for empirical treatment of enteric fever in most returning travellers to the UK from endemic countries, except from Pakistan, where XDR represents a significant risk.

scholarly journals Comparison of beta-lactamase genes in clinical and food bacterial isolates in India

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (08) ◽  
pp. 593-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd. Shahid ◽  
Abida Malik ◽  
Mohd. Adil ◽  
Noor Jahan ◽  
Ritu Malik
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Enteric Bacteria ◽  
Generation Cephalosporin ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Resistance Rates ◽  
Third Generation Cephalosporins

BACKGROUND: The present study aimed to determine the occurrence of human disease-causing enteric bacteria on raw vegetables, fruits, meats, and milk products sold in Indian markets. The study further aimed to analyze antibiotic resistance rates and the presence of blaCTX-M, blaTEM, blaSHV, and blaAmpC. METHODOLOGY: Twenty-three food-borne and 23 clinical isolates were compared for antibiotic resistance rates and the presence of blaCTX-M, blaTEM, blaSHV, and blaAmpC. Swabs were taken from unwashed and washed food items, as well as from some chopped food specimens, and inoculated on appropriate culture medium. Bacterial isolates were identified, antibiotic susceptibility was performed, and bla genes were detected by PCR. RESULTS: Thirty-eight bacterial isolates were obtained from the food specimens, of which 36 (94.7%) were Gram-negative and two (5.3%) were Gram-positive bacterial species. Klebsiella pneumoniae was the most prevalent (52.6%; 20/38) bacterial species isolated, followed by Citrobacter koseri (18.4%; 7/38). In food isolates, the majority of the isolates were resistant to gentamicin (33.3%) followed by amikacin (11.1%). Resistance to a third-generation cephalosporin was noticed in only 5.6% isolates. However, in clinical isolates, maximal resistance was noticed against third-generation cephalosporins followed by ofloxacin in 91.3% and 86.9% isolates, respectively, and resistance to gentamicin and amikacin was noticed in 78.3% and 52.2% isolates, respectively. The presence of blaCTX-M, blaTEM, blaSHV, and blaAmpC in clinical isolates was noticed in 52.2%, 60.9%, 21.7%, and 43.5%, respectively. None of the isolates from food showed the presence of any of the above-cited genes. CONCLUSIONS: Probably bla genes have not yet disseminated to raw-food vegetation in India.

The effects of the primary health care providers’prescription behavior interventions to improve the rational use of antibiotics: a systematic review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lu Yao ◽  
Jia Yin ◽  
Qiang Sun ◽  
Ruiting Huo ◽  
Ding Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Rational Use ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Primary Health Care Providers ◽  
Rational Use Of Antibiotics

Abstract Background: Irrational antibiotic use, especially at primary health care institutions accelerates the spread of antibiotic resistance (ABR). It is important to systematically review the effects of interventions at the primary health care to give evidence for future studies about interventions of providers’ antibiotic prescriptions. A systematic review was conducted to explore the effects of interventions targeted to the primary health care providers for improving the rational use of antibiotics. Methods: The literatures were searched in Ovid Medline, Web of Science, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and two Chinese databases with a time limit from January 1st, 1998 to December 1st, 2018. Only articles in the English and Chinese language were considered. Studies had to be the design of randomised control trial, controlled before-and-after studies or interrupted time series. Outcomes had to measure the change in providers’ behaviors. The Cochrane Collaboration criteria was used to assessed the risk of bias of the studies by two reviews. Narrative analysis was performed. Results: Of 4422 studies identified, we included 17studies. Most studies were conducted in the Europe or the United States and 4 of the studies were conducted in low-income and-middle-income countries (LMICs). Most studies had moderate to high risk of bias. There was moderate-strength evidence that interventions targeted at primary health care providers’ prescription behaviors were associated with decreases in antibiotic prescribing and promote the rational use of antibiotic.Conclusions: Provider-targeted interventions in primary health care could decrease the antibiotic prescription and promote the providers’ behaviours of irrational use of antibiotic However, we cannot compare the effects between different interventions because of heterogeneity of interventions and outcomes.

scholarly journals 747. Antibiotic Therapy for Community-Acquired Pneumonia: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Trials

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S268-S268
Author(s):  
Reed Siemieniuk ◽  
Yung Lee ◽  
Isaac Bogoch ◽  
Romina Brignardello-Petersen ◽  
Yutong Fei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Treatment Failure ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Empiric Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Early Generation ◽  
Empiric Antibiotic ◽  
Third Generation Cephalosporins

Abstract Background Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is one of the top causes of life-years lost globally. The optimal empiric antibiotic therapy regimen is uncertain. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) provide useful information about relative antibiotic effectiveness. Methods We systematically searched Medline, EMBASE, and CENTRAL for RCTs comparing at least two empiric antibiotic regimens in patients with CAP, to March 17, 2017. We performed a systematic review and network meta-analysis and network meta-regression using a Bayesian framework. We used GRADE to assess certainty in the effect estimates. Results From 18,056 citations, we included 303 RCTs. Most studies (69.9%) were not blinded. All networks had low global heterogeneity (I2 0%). There were 26,423 participants included in the analysis of mortality and 30,559 for treatment failure. Seven hundred and twenty-six (2.9%) participants died. Patients randomized to third generation cephalosporins alone had higher mortality than those randomized to early generation fluoroquinolones (risk ratio [RR] 2.08, 95% credible interval 1.17–3.90), later generation fluoroquinolones (RR 2.32, 1.44–4.26), and cephalosporin-fluoroquinolone combinations (RR 3.21, 0.99–12.49). Participants who were randomized to a cephalosporin plus macrolide were less likely to die than those who received a third generation cephalosporin alone (RR 0.47, 0.21–0.99). The evidence was similar for treatment failure. Β-lactam plus β-lactamase inhibitors (e.g., piperacillin–tazobactam), early generation cephalosporins, and daptomycin appeared to confer a higher risk of mortality and/or treatment failure than most other antibiotic regimens including third-generation cephalosporins alone. For key comparisons, the GRADE quality of evidence was low or moderate. Conclusion In patients with CAP, an antibiotic regimen that includes a fluoroquinolone (and possibly a macrolide) may reduce mortality by ~1–2% compared with β-lactams (with or without a β-lactamase inhibitor) and cephalosporins alone. High quality, blinded and pragmatic randomized evidence would be helpful to increase certainty in the evidence. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

scholarly journals The Barriers in the implementation of Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs: A systematic Review

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nehad Ahmed ◽  
Irfanullah Khan ◽  
Mohamed Azmi Hassali ◽  
Abdul Haseeb ◽  
Amer Hayat Khan
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Antimicrobial Stewardship ◽  
Rational Use ◽  
Inappropriate Use ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Pubmed Database ◽  
Rational Use Of Antibiotics ◽  
Common Barriers

Abstract Background The resistance to Antimicrobial is considered as one of the most important risks that affect public health and healthcare. Antimicrobial stewardship programs comprise a series of interventions that help to stop the inappropriate use of antimicrobials.Methods The published literature on the barriers of implementing stewardship programs is limited. We searched for the relevant articles from 2007 till the end of 2017 using the keyword “Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs" in PubMed database.Results There are many barriers in the implementation of antimicrobial stewardship programs. To improve the rational use of antibiotics it is important to overcome these barriers.Conclusion According to the included studies into current review or manuscript, there are 9 major barriers for ASPs. Lack of training and knowledge, inter-professional and inter-specialty conflict, and lack of resources are the most common barriers.

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