The mediating role of adolescents’ loneliness and social withdrawal in the association between maternal depressive symptoms and suicidality in adolescence: A 20-year population-based study

Abstract We examined whether adolescents’ loneliness and social withdrawal mediated the association between maternal depressive symptoms and adolescent suicidality. Secondary analyses on the Québec Longitudinal Study of Child Development data were conducted (n = 1,623). Each mother completed the Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (at child ages 5 months, 1.5, 3.5, 5, and 7 years). Adolescent's social withdrawal (adolescent, father, and teacher reported at 10, 12, and 13 years) and loneliness (adolescent reported at 10, 12, and 13 years), were assessed using items from the Social Behavior Questionnaire and the Loneliness and Social Satisfaction Questionnaire, respectively. Adolescents completed self-reports to assess suicidal thoughts and attempts at 13, 15, 17, and 20 years. Children of mothers with higher levels of maternal depressive symptoms had an increased risk for suicidality (OR = 1.15, 95% CI: 1.03–1.28). Loneliness explained 16% of the total effect of maternal depressive symptoms on adolescent suicidality (indirect effect OR = 1.02, 95% CI: 1.00–1.04). There was no indirect effect of maternal depressive symptoms on adolescent suicidal outcomes via social withdrawal (indirect effect OR = 1.00, 95% CI: 0.99–1.02). Interventions that target loneliness may be beneficial for decreasing the risk for suicidality among adolescents of mothers with depressive symptoms.

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Validation of the Japanese Version of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale—Revised: A Preliminary Analysis

Behavioral Sciences ◽

10.3390/bs11080107 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 107

Author(s):

Hirohito Tsuboi ◽

Yui Takakura ◽

Hiromasa Tsujiguchi ◽

Sakae Miyagi ◽

Keita Suzuki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Native Speakers ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Japanese Version ◽

Population Based ◽

Epidemiologic Studies ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Two Factors ◽

Study Population

To make the Japanese version of the CESD-R—a revised version of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies depression scale (CES-D)—in the assessment of depressive symptoms in a general population. The English version of CESD-R was translated into Japanese, and back-translated into English by three native speakers of Japanese and English; then, we selected the version most completely consistent with the original items. The CESD-R was applied to 398 community-dwelling people (191 men: 48.0%, and 207 women: 52.0%) who were over 40 years old. The Japanese version of the CES-D was also carried out in the same population. Factor analysis was performed. Additionally, the correlations between the CESD-R and CES-D results were identified. The CESD-R scores showed a significantly positive correlation with CES-D scores (r = 0.74, p < 0.0005). Analysis of the CESD-R yielded a Cronbach’s alpha result of 0.90. Factor analysis revealed one principal factor in the CESD-R, whereas the original CES-D had two factors because of reversed items. The Japanese version of the CESD-R appears to have the reliability to be applicable for assessing depressive symptoms in population-based samples. However, because the Japanese expressions for some items might be unusual, our study population was also limited; further studies on other populations and on incorporating improved Japanese terminology will be needed.

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Abstract MP60: Depressive Symptoms and Risk of Incident Atrial Fibrillation: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.137.suppl_1.mp60 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 137 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Parveen K Garg ◽

Wesley T O'Neal ◽

Ana V Diez Roux ◽

Alvaro Alonso ◽

Elsayed Soliman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Atrial Fibrillation ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Proportional Hazards ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Epidemiologic Studies ◽

Cox Proportional Hazards ◽

Fee For Service ◽

Score Distribution ◽

Ethnic Study ◽

Increased Risk

Background: Depression has been suggested as a potential risk factor for atrial fibrillation (AF) through effects on the autonomic nervous system and hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis. Current literature examining the prospective relationship between depression and AF is inconsistent and limited to studies performed in predominantly white populations. We determined the relationship of both depressive symptoms and anti-depressant use with incident AF in a multi-ethnic cohort. Methods: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis is a prospective study of 6,814 individuals without clinical cardiovascular disease. Depressive symptoms were assessed at baseline by the 20-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) and use of anti-depressant medications. Five CES-D groups were created based on the score distribution in approximate quartiles, and the top quartile split in 2 such that the top group represented persons with a score ≥16, a value commonly used to identify clinically relevant symptoms. Incident AF was identified from study ECGs verified for AF, ICD-9 hospital discharge diagnoses consistent with AF, and, for participants enrolled in fee-for-service Medicare, inpatient and outpatient AF claims data. Results: 6,644 participants (mean age=62; 53% women; 38% white; 28% black; 22% Hispanic; 12% Chinese-American) were included and followed for a median of 13 years. In separate adjusted Cox proportional hazards analyses, a CES-D≥16 (referent=CES-D<2) and anti-depressant use were each associated with higher incidence of AF (Table). Associations did not differ by race or gender (interaction p-values of 0.18 and 0.17 respectively). Similar results were obtained using time-updated measures of depression. Conclusions: Depressive symptoms are associated with an increased risk of incident AF. Further study into whether improving depressive symptoms reduces AF incidence is important.

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Depressive Symptoms and Diurnal Salivary Cortisol Patterns Among Female Caregivers of Stroke Survivors

Biological Research For Nursing ◽

10.1177/1099800412439458 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 14 (4) ◽

pp. 396-404 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Karen L. Saban ◽

Herbert L. Mathews ◽

Fred B. Bryant ◽

Timothy E. O’Brien ◽

Linda Witek Janusek

Keyword(s):

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Chronic Stress ◽

Caregiver Burden ◽

Perceived Stress ◽

Salivary Cortisol ◽

Allostatic Load ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Epidemiologic Studies ◽

Stroke Survivors ◽

Increased Risk

Informal caregivers of stroke survivors experience elevated chronic stress and are at risk of developing depressive symptoms. The cumulative effects of chronic stress can increase allostatic load and dysregulate biological processes, thus increasing risk of stress-related disease. Stress-induced alterations in the pattern of cortisol secretion vary with respect to stressor onset, intensity, and chronicity. Little is known about the psychoendocrine response to stress in female caregivers of stroke survivors. The purpose of this study was to examine perceived stress, caregiver burden, and the association between caregiver depressive symptoms and diurnal cortisol in 45 females caring for a significant other who experienced a stroke within the past year. Women completed the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) and collected saliva for cortisol upon awakening, 30 min postawakening, noon, and bedtime for 2 consecutive days. Results revealed that women had high levels of perceived stress and caregiver burden. In women with CES-D scores ≥ 16, salivary cortisol levels were significantly lower across the day relative to women with CES-D scores < 16. This difference persisted after adjusting for age, number of caregiving hours per week, perceived social support, and quality of sleep. Younger age was associated with more depressive symptoms as well as lower levels of cortisol at awakening and 30 min postawakening. Results demonstrate that the burden of caregiving increases risk of depressive symptoms and hypocortisolism across the day. Hypocortisolism may contribute to increased risk of depressive symptoms as a result of the loss of glucocorticoid attenuation of stress-induced inflammation.

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Pathways Between Acculturation and Health

Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences ◽

10.1177/0739986311423901 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 33 (4) ◽

pp. 524-539 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Patricia Y. Miranda ◽

Hector M. González ◽

Wassim Tarraf

Keyword(s):

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Cognitive Function ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Structural Equation Models ◽

Depression Scale ◽

The Elderly ◽

Population Based ◽

Epidemiologic Studies ◽

Functional Health ◽

Cross Sectional

The purpose of this study was to assess the association between acculturation and functional health using multiple proxies of acculturation to examine explanatory pathways to clarify disparate health findings. A population-based cross-sectional, multistage probability sample from the Hispanic Established Populations for the Epidemiologic Studies of the Elderly ( N = 3,050) was used. The dependent variables of neuropsychiatric function were depressive symptoms (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale [CES-D]) and cognitive function (mini-mental state examination [MMSE]) examined in separate multivariable regression and structural equation models to examine the pathways between acculturation proxies and neuropsychiatric function. Findings indicated that three acculturation proxies were associated with cognitive function but none were associated with depressive symptoms. English proficiency fully mediated the associations between other acculturation proxies and cognitive function. The findings suggest that language plays a central role in the pathway between acculturation and health among Mexican-origin populations.

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Depression and the lower risk for breast cancer development in middle-aged women: a prospective study

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291703007499 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 33 (6) ◽

pp. 1111-1117 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

I. NYKLÍČEK ◽

W. J. LOUWMAN ◽

P. W. M. VAN NIEROP ◽

C. J. WIJNANDS ◽

J.-W. W. COEBERGH ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Lower Risk ◽

Protective Factor ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Population Based ◽

Cancer Development ◽

Breast Cancer Development ◽

Increased Risk

Background. Depression has been hypothesized to be potentially linked to an increased risk of breast cancer. Few studies have addressed this question using population-based cohorts and prospective designs, adjusting for known biomedical risk factors. This has been done in the present investigation.Method. Participants were 5191 women from a cohort of women born between 1941 and 1947 and living in the city of Eindhoven, The Netherlands. All women completed questionnaires regarding the presence of depressive symptoms (Edinburgh Depression Scale) and background (demographic, medical and lifestyle) variables. The questionnaire data were linked with the records of the Eindhoven Cancer Registry. These records provided data on breast cancer diagnoses, which took place up to 5 years after the questionnaire screening.Results. Fifty-eight women (1·1%) were found to have developed breast cancer at least 2 years after the questionnaire screening. After controlling for 15 potential risk factors, of which family history of breast cancer, hypothyroidism and unilateral oophorectomy were significant predictors of breast cancer development, women with depressive symptoms had a lower risk of subsequent breast cancer (OR=0·29, 95% CI=0·09–0·92, P=0·04).Conclusions. Depressive complaints may be associated with a protective factor involved in the development of breast cancer. Some of the possible candidates for this factor are discussed.

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Subgroups with typical courses of depressive symptoms in an elderly population during 13 years of observation: Results from the Heinz Nixdorf Recall Study

International Journal of Social Psychiatry ◽

10.1177/0020764020925515 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 66 (8) ◽

pp. 799-809

Author(s):

Miriam Engel ◽

Karl-Heinz Jöckel ◽

Nico Dragano ◽

Miriam Engels ◽

Susanne Moebus

Keyword(s):

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Short Form ◽

Empirical Studies ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Population Based ◽

Epidemiologic Studies ◽

Depression Score ◽

Mean Values ◽

Heinz Nixdorf Recall Study ◽

Large Fluctuations

Background: Depressive symptoms are volatile over time but empirical studies of intra-individual variations of depressive symptoms over longer periods are sparse. Aims: We aim to examine fluctuation patterns of depressive symptoms and to investigate the possible influence of age, sex and socioeconomic factors on fluctuation in a population-based sample over a period of 13 years. Methods: We used data of 4,251 participants (45–75 years; 51.0% women at baseline) of the Heinz Nixdorf Recall Study with at least two of nine possible measurements obtained in the period between 2000 and 2017. Depressive symptoms were assessed via the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) short form. Based on the individual mean values and standard deviation from all measurements, we categorized participants as G1 ‘stable low’, G2 ‘stable high’, G3 ‘stable around cutoff’ and G4 ‘large fluctuations’. Results: Most participants (82.3%) showed stable low depressive symptoms (G1), whereas 2.3% performed stable high values (G2), 6.9% stable around the cutoff (G3) and 8.6% large fluctuations (G4). Conclusion: Our longitudinal results reveal that almost 18% (G2, G3 and G4) of the participants have an increased depression score or strong fluctuations at times. According to our classification, a higher proportion of the participants show anomalies with regard to depression compared to a simple classification into depressed and nondepressed, especially if this is based on a single measurement. Thus, longitudinal measurements of depression can prevent misclassification and provide valuable information about the course of depressive symptoms for a better understanding of the changes of depression.

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Maternal depressive symptoms during pregnancy, placental expression of genes regulating glucocorticoid and serotonin function and infant regulatory behaviors

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s003329171500121x ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 45 (15) ◽

pp. 3217-3226 ◽

Cited By ~ 47

Author(s):

K. Räikkönen ◽

A.-K. Pesonen ◽

J. R. O'Reilly ◽

S. Tuovinen ◽

M. Lahti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Animal Studies ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Fetal Brain ◽

Epidemiologic Studies ◽

Mrna Levels ◽

Maternal Depressive Symptoms ◽

Behavioral Challenges ◽

Expression Of Genes ◽

Unit Increase

Background.Glucocorticoids and serotonin may mediate the link between maternal environment, fetal brain development and ‘programming’ of offspring behaviors. The placenta regulates fetal exposure to maternal hormonal signals in animal studies, but few data address this in humans. We measured prospectively maternal depressive symptoms during pregnancy and mRNAs encoding key gene products determining glucocorticoid and serotonin function in term human placenta and explored associations with infant regulatory behaviors.Method.Bi-weekly self-ratings of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale from 12th to 13th gestational week onwards and term placental mRNAs of 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (HSD2B11), type 1 (HSD1B11), glucocorticoid (NR3C1), mineralocorticoid receptors (NR3C2) and serotonin transporter (SLC6A4) were obtained from 54 healthy mothers aged 32.2 ± 5.3 years with singleton pregnancies and without pregnancy complications. Infant regulatory behaviors (crying, feeding, spitting, elimination, sleeping and predictability) were mother-rated at 15.6 ± 4.2 days.Results.Higher placental mRNA levels of HSD2B11 [0.41 standard deviation (s.d.) unit increase per s.d. unit increase; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.13–0.69, p = 0.005], HSD1B11 (0.30, 0.03–0.57, p = 0.03), NR3C1 (0.44, 0.19–0.68, p = 0.001) and SLC6A4 (0.26, 0.00–0.53, p = 0.05) were associated with more regulatory behavioral challenges of the infant. Higher placental NR3C1 mRNA partly mediated the association between maternal depressive symptoms during pregnancy and infant regulatory behaviors (p < 0.05).Conclusions.Higher placental expression of genes regulating feto-placental glucocorticoid and serotonin exposure is characteristic of infants with more regulatory behavioral challenges. Maternal depression acts, at least partly, via altering glucocorticoid action in the placenta to impact on offspring regulatory behaviors.

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Change in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and parallel change in depressive symptoms in Dutch older adults

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/eje-18-0187 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 179 (4) ◽

pp. 239-249 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Liset E M Elstgeest ◽

Elisa J de Koning ◽

Ingeborg A Brouwer ◽

Natasja M van Schoor ◽

Brenda W J H Penninx ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Population Based ◽

Epidemiologic Studies ◽

Time Points ◽

Hydroxyvitamin D ◽

Parallel Change ◽

Lower Baseline ◽

25 Hydroxyvitamin D

Objective Previous prospective studies on the association between vitamin D status and depression used a single 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) measurement. We investigated the association between change in serum 25(OH)D and parallel change in depressive symptoms over time in Dutch older adults. Design A population-based, prospective study in two cohorts of older men and women from the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam. Methods Serum 25(OH)D concentrations were determined at two time points: in 1995/1996 and 13 years later in the older cohort (aged 65–88y, n = 173) and in 2002/2003 and 6 years later in the younger cohort (55–65 years, n = 450). At these time points, depressive symptoms were measured with the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale (CES-D). Associations were tested by multiple linear regression analyses. Results During follow-up, serum 25(OH)D concentrations increased in 32.4% of the older cohort and in 69.8% of the younger cohort. In the older cohort, change in 25(OH)D was not associated with change in CES-D score. In the younger cohort, no associations were observed in participants with higher baseline 25(OH)D concentrations (>58.6 nmol/L), but in those with lower baseline 25(OH)D concentrations, an increase in 25(OH)D was associated with a decrease in CES-D score (adjusted B per 10 nmol/L 25(OH)D increase: −0.62 (95% CI: −1.17, −0.07)). Conclusions Our study suggests that over 6 years, an increase in serum 25(OH)D is associated with a small decrease in depressive symptoms in young older adults with lower baseline 25(OH)D. Well-designed intervention trials are required to determine causality.

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Association of Dual Sensory Impairment with Long-term Depressive and Anxiety Symptoms

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igab046.3461 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 969-969

Author(s):

Colby Gendron ◽

Camila Vieira Ligo Teixeira ◽

Willa Brenowitz ◽

Bonnielin Swenor ◽

Danielle Powell ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽

Synergistic Effects ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Social Contact ◽

Epidemiologic Studies ◽

Anxiety Symptoms ◽

Vision Impairment ◽

Increased Risk

Abstract Hearing (HI) and vision impairment (VI) are each independently associated with long-term depressive and anxiety symptoms, but the joint effects of both (DSI) may be associated with a greater risk of belonging to long-term chronically high depressive and anxiety trajectory classes. Multinomial logistic regression models adjusted by demographics and depressive symptoms were used to examine the associations of dual hearing (pure-tone average >25 dB) and vision impairment (impaired visual acuity and/or contrast sensitivity) with long-term depressive and anxiety symptom trajectory classes among 2,102 participants of the Health, Aging and Body Composition Study, a cohort of older adults without mobility difficulty aged 70-79 years. An additional model evaluated the two-way interaction between DSI and social contact. Elevated depressive symptoms were defined as ≥8 on the 10-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale, and anxiety symptoms were defined as present on the Hopkins Symptom Checklist. DSI was associated with increased risk of being chronically depressed (Risk Ratio, RR=1.86, 95% Confidence Interval, CI: 1.19, 2.92), not periodically depressed (RR=1.24, 95% CI: 0.91, 1.69). Those with DSI were at an increased risk of belonging to the periodically anxious (RR=1.56, 95% CI: 1.14, 2.13) and chronically anxious (RR=1.79, 95% CI: 1.02, 3.12) groups, as compared to the other groups. Single sensory impairments were not associated with increased risk of being periodically or chronically anxious. Social contact did not modify any associations. Synergistic effects between HI and VI were present. Those with DSI may be at greater risk for mood disorders, so sensory evaluations may mitigate these.

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Abortion and subsequent depressive symptoms: an analysis of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291717001684 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 48 (2) ◽

pp. 294-304 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

A. M. Gomez

Keyword(s):

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Longitudinal Study ◽

Adolescent Health ◽

Young Women ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Epidemiologic Studies ◽

Traumatic Experiences ◽

Linear Regression Models ◽

National Longitudinal Study ◽

Increased Risk

BackgroundTwenty states currently require that women seeking abortion be counseled on possible psychological responses, with six states stressing negative responses. The majority of research finds that women whose unwanted pregnancies end in abortion do not subsequently have adverse mental health outcomes; scant research examines this relationship for young women.MethodsFour waves of data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health were analyzed. Population-averaged lagged logistic and linear regression models were employed to test the relationship between pregnancy resolution outcome and subsequent depressive symptoms, adjusting for prior depressive symptoms, history of traumatic experiences, and sociodemographic covariates. Depressive symptoms were measured using a nine-item version of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale. Analyses were conducted among two subsamples of women whose unwanted first pregnancies were resolved in either abortion or live birth: (1) 856 women with an unwanted first pregnancy between Waves 2 and 3; and (2) 438 women with an unwanted first pregnancy between Waves 3 and 4 (unweighted n’s).ResultsIn unadjusted and adjusted linear and logistic regression analyses for both subsamples, there was no association between having an abortion after an unwanted first pregnancy and subsequent depressive symptoms. In fully adjusted models, the most recent measure of prior depressive symptoms was consistently associated with subsequent depressive symptoms.ConclusionsIn a nationally representative, longitudinal dataset, there was no evidence that young women who had abortions were at increased risk of subsequent depressive symptoms compared with those who give birth after an unwanted first pregnancy.

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