Agreement and discourse: from cohesion to coherence

1994 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis Cornish
Keyword(s):  
Personal Pronoun ◽  
Personal Pronouns ◽  
Advanced Learners ◽  
Third Person ◽  
Widespread View

AbstractThe article argues that, contrary to a widespread view (e.g. Haiman, 1985; Palmer, 1984), agreement in those languages which exhibit it is not a purely redundant, semantically empty and grammatically predictable phenomenon, but performs several important functions at the level of discourse.Taking French as the example language, I will argue (section 2.1) that agreement signals the function-argument interpretation to be assigned to pairs of expressions of various kinds; and second, that it may also code anaphorically the high-focus status of particular discourse referents (section 2.2). Section 3 compares certain written errors in agreement marking made by advanced learners of French, with certain other interpretative errors in their reading of French articles - errors based on agreement relations and leading to the mis-assignment of reference to an agreement target or personal pronoun. Finally, section 4 argues that third person personal pronouns should be treated differently from the (essentially predicative) agreement targets discussed in sections 2 and 3, claiming that they do not participate in agreement stricto sensu.

scholarly journals A native origin for Present-Day English they, their, them

Diachronica ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelle Cole
Keyword(s):  
Middle English ◽  
Old English ◽  
Personal Pronoun ◽  
Personal Pronouns ◽  
Person Plural ◽  
Textual Evidence ◽  
The North ◽  
Third Person ◽  
Pronominal System ◽  
Germanic Languages

Abstract It is commonly held that Present-Day English they, their, them are not descended from Old English but derive from the Old Norse third-person plural pronouns þeir, þeira, þeim. This paper argues that the early northern English orthographic and distributional textual evidence agrees with an internal trajectory for the ‘þ-’ type personal pronouns in the North and indicates an origin in the Old English demonstratives þā, þāra, þām. The Northern Middle English third-person plural pronominal system was the result of the reanalysis from demonstrative to personal pronoun that is common cross-linguistically in Germanic and non-Germanic languages alike.

Het verlies van een persoonlijk voornaamwoord* : Waarom hun straks geen hun meer zeggen

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 355-362
Author(s):  
Helen de Hoop
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Direct Object ◽  
Personal Pronoun ◽  
Dutch Society ◽  
Possessive Pronoun ◽  
Personal Pronouns ◽  
Person Plural ◽  
Third Person

Abstract The loss of a personal pronoun. Why they will not be saying hun anymoreThe personal pronoun hun ‘them’ meets a lot of criticism in Dutch society, not just from language purists, but from language users in general. This can be attributed to a strong mistrust of the pronoun, given that it is well-known for violating no less than two prescriptive rules, one of which prohibits its use as a subject, and the other its use as a direct object or complement of a preposition. This has resulted in a tendency to avoid the use of this personal pronoun across the board. Despite the fact that hun ‘them’ as a personal pronoun has the advantage of exclusively referring to animate or even human individuals, I argue that it is fighting a losing battle with the other personal pronouns that are used to express third person plural. I conclude that it will withdraw from the competition in order to commit itself entirely to its function as a possessive pronoun ‘their’, in which capacity it is unique.

AN ANNOTATED TRANSLATION OF PERSONAL PRONOUNS IN THE NOVEL THE SINS OF FATHER

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-54
Author(s):  
Chintia Handayani
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Personal Pronoun ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Personal Pronouns ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Annotated Translation

This article is based on annotated translation. Annotated translation is a translation with commentary. The objective of this article is to find out strategies that was employed in translating in Personal Pronoun I and You in the novel The Sins of Father by Jeffry Archer. The research used qualitative method with retrospective and introspective as research approached. The syntactic strategies by Chesterman is employ as tools of analysis. The result shows that from 25 data, there are 5 primary data which are taken using purposive sampling technique. There are 3 word ‘I’ and 2 word ‘You’, which all the data has the same translation principle and strategies.

Personal Pronoun in Japanese Based on Gender (Structure and Semantic Study)

Jurnal KATA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
Syahrial Syahrial
Keyword(s):  
Personal Pronoun ◽  
Personal Pronouns ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Gender Research

<p><em>This research analyzed the personal pronouns of Japanese from structure and semantics based on gender.  This research useddescriptive method. To discuss the personal pronoun, the theories used include the theory of Lyons (1997), Samsuri (1980), Djajasudarma (1993), Moeliono, et al. (1993), Alwi, et al. (1998), Quirck, et al. (1985), Keraf (1990), Bambang Kaswanti (1983). while For pronouns, used the theory of Oya (1992), Tomita (1993), Kindaichi (1993). The theory used for gender research was the theory of Tsujimura (1995). The results of this Research shows that the personal pronouns of Japanese are different between The speaker and the listener or addresser and addresseeboth male and female and as well as neutral. The conclusion of this study is that based on gender, personal pronoun in Japanese is different. The differences come between the greeters and the greeted or speaker and his/her partners on male and female basis</em></p>

scholarly journals Women write the rights of woman: the sexual politics of the personal pronoun in the 1790s

2007 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Hodson
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Sexual Politics ◽  
The Other ◽  
Personal Pronoun ◽  
Personal Pronouns ◽  
Gender Expectations ◽  
Mary Hays ◽  
Analysis Programme ◽  
Political Pamphlets

This article investigates patterns of personal pronoun usage in four texts written by women about women's rights during the 1790s: Mary Wollstonecraft's A Vindication of the Rights of Woman (1792), Mary Hays' An Appeal to the Men of Great Britain (1798), Mary Robinson's Letter to the Women of England (1799) and Mary Anne Radcliffe's The Female Advocate (1799). I begin by showing that at the time these texts were written there was a widespread assumption that both writers and readers of political pamphlets were, by default, male. As such, I argue, writing to women as a woman was distinctly problematic, not least because these default assumptions meant that even apparently gender-neutral pronouns such as I, we and you were in fact covertly gendered. I use the textual analysis programme WordSmith to identify the personal pronouns in my four texts, and discuss my results both quantitatively and qualitatively. I find that while one of my texts does little to disturb gender expectations through its deployment of personal pronouns, the other three all use personal pronouns that disrupt eighteenth century expectations about default male authorship and readership.

The Prosodization of Weak Function Words in Kurdish Language (Leilakhi Dialect)

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Sadegh Mohammadi Bolban Abad ◽  
Batool Alinezhad ◽  
Vali Rezai
Keyword(s):  
Noun Phrase ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Personal Pronoun ◽  
Prosodic Structure ◽  
Personal Pronouns ◽  
Function Words ◽  
Phonological Process ◽  
Stress Assignment ◽  
Prosodic Phonology

<p>This paper investigates the prosodic structure of simple prepositions and dependent personal pronouns as weak function words in Leilakhi Dialect with the theoretical framework of Prosodic Phonology or Phonology of Domains. Weak function words (fnc) of this dialect are proclitics or enclitics that form Clitic Group (CG) with their host. One such feature of these elements is their combinatorial restriction with their host, <em>i.e. </em>simple prepositions as prosodic proclitics must precede a noun phrase or independent personal pronoun and absolute prepositions as phonological words join the dependent personal pronouns in the role of enclitics which give form to the clitic group. The phonetic process and phonological process used in this research are aspiration and stress assignment pattern respectively. </p>

scholarly journals An Analysis of Deixis on Comment Speech By Indonesian Diplomat in United Nation (PBB) 75th General Assembly Meeting 2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-53
Author(s):  
Minkhatunnakhriyah Minkhatunnakhriyah ◽  
◽  
Didin Nuruddin Hidayat ◽  
Alek Alek ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
General Assembly ◽  
Personal Pronoun ◽  
Human Language ◽  
Spatial Deixis ◽  
Third Person ◽  
Data Source ◽  
Social Deixis ◽  
The Individual ◽  
United Nation

Deixis is a human language phenomenon in which particular expression referential depends on context use (Williams, 2019). By knowing deixis, a speaker knows alternate reference words depending on the interlocutor, places and time conversation takes place. The study investigates deixis and its context used by diplomats and representatives from Indonesia, Silvany Pasaribu of human rights cases of Vanuatu and Papua. This study's data source was the comment speech of an Indonesian diplomat, consisting of three types of deixis based on Levinson's theory. The video was collected from YouTube. Further, to analyse the data through several processes, the researchers firstly collected all deictic expressions found in transcription, classified the deictic word into each category of deixis. The result of this study shows thirty five deixis from comment speech of Indonesian diplomat. There were twenty three personal deixis consisting of a first, second, and third person, seven spatial deixis, and five temporal deixis. Person deixis generally be delivered by person grammatical type, which replaces personal pronoun encode like community, appropriate names, and the individual pronoun compound. Spatial or place deixis based on result which expresses by the speaker on their speech were location. Temporal deixis is used to the pointing of time context speech. Further research is suggested to analyze all kinds of deixis, such as social deixis and its context.

Typological features of grammaticalization in Semitic

2018 ◽  
pp. 35-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohssen Esseesy
Keyword(s):  
Language Change ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Language Evolution ◽  
Body Part ◽  
Supporting Evidence ◽  
Personal Pronouns ◽  
Semitic Languages ◽  
Third Person ◽  
Corpus Data ◽  
Grammatical Functions

This study highlights some notable typological features of ancient and modern Semitic languages. It sheds light on a number of shared intragenetic similarities and parallels within Semitic in the processes and outcomes of grammaticalization. Specifically, it examines the emergence and evolution of prepositionals from certain body-part terms; the shift from synthetic towards more analytic possessive strategies; and independent personal pronouns becoming inherently bound agreement markers as prefixes and suffixes on the imperfective and perfective verb stems, respectively. Moreover, with supporting evidence from corpus data, this study argues for the primacy of third-person pronouns, which assume expanded grammatical functions as copulas, expletives, and discourse-related functions. Finally, this study draws attention to the sociolinguistic factors, such as native speakers’ attitudinal stance, which directly impinge on language change within the diglossic nature of Arabic, and calls for consideration of sociolinguistic factors in the study of language evolution by grammaticalization.

scholarly journals The interpretation of German personal pronouns and d-pronouns

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-190
Author(s):  
Markus Bader ◽  
Yvonne Portele
Keyword(s):  
Bayesian Theory ◽  
The Other ◽  
Production Data ◽  
Personal Pronoun ◽  
Personal Pronouns ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Syntactic Function

Abstract Three experiments investigated the interpretation and production of pronouns in German. The first two experiments probed the preferred interpretation of a pronoun in contexts containing two potential antecedents by having participants complete a sentence fragment starting either with a personal pronoun or a d-pronoun. We systematically varied three properties of the potential antecedents: syntactic function, linear position, and topicality. The results confirm a subject preference for personal pronouns. The preferred interpretation of d-pronouns cannot be captured by any of the three factors alone. Although a d-pronoun preferentially refers to the non-topic in many cases, this preference can be overridden by the other two factors, linear position and syntactic function. In order to test whether interpretive preferences follow from production biases as proposed by the Bayesian theory of Kehler et al. (2008), a third experiment had participants freely produce a continuation sentence for the contexts of the first two experiments. The results show that personal pronouns are used more often to refer to a subject than to an object, recapitulating the subject preference found for interpretation and thereby confirming the account of Kehler et al. (2008). The interpretation results for the d-pronoun likewise follow from the corresponding production data.

scholarly journals JENIS-JENIS DAN BENTUK T-V YOBIKAKE OLEH REMAJA JEPANG

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 112
Author(s):  
I Gusti Ayu Putu Istri Aryasuari ◽  
I Ketut Darma Laksana ◽  
Ni Luh Nyoman Seri Malini
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Formal Methods ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Personal Pronoun ◽  
Personal Pronouns ◽  
Japanese Adolescents ◽  
Interview Methods ◽  
Methods And Techniques ◽  
Data Provision

This study aims to determine the types of greetings and forms of T-V greetings used by Japanese teenagers. Sources of data used are data in the form of questionnaires, list of questions, and supported by data sourced from Japanese movies and Japanese cartoons (anime). The theory used is the theory of types of yobikake according Hiromi and Theory T-V Brown-Gillman (1960). Methods and techniques of data provision are made with questionnaires and interview methods to Japanese adolescents. Methods and techniques of data analysis are performed by referential reference method. Methods and techniques of presentation of data analysis results use informal and formal methods. Result of research shows that there are three kinds of greeting found. The three types of greeting, personal pronouns 'ninshoo daimeshi', greeting of  the suffixed name of self / form Mr / Mrs 'keishou', and greeting in the term kinship 'shinzoku yougomei'. The greetings that are found contain the T-V form. Greetings of personal pronoun of the form of T found are atashi, ore, boku, jibun, wa-shi, a-shi, wa-shitachi, atashitachi, oretachi, uchira, anta, omae, kimi, temee, omaetachi, and minna. Greetings personal pronouns of V form found are watakushi, watashi, watashitachi, anata, anatatachi, minasama and minasan. The greetings of suffixed self name containing T shapes are greetings with the suffixes ~ kun and ~ chan. The greetings of suffixed self name containing V-shapes, are greetings with suffixes ~ sama, ~ dono, and ~ san. Greetings in the term kinship that contain the form T are ojiichan, jiiji, obaachan, baaba, papa, oyaji, otou, mama, okaa, kaasan, onii, oniichan, oneechan, neechan, and imoutochan. Greetings in the term kinship containing the form V, are ojiisan, obaasan, otousan, okaasan, oniisan, ani, ane, otouto, and imouto.

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