Changes in protein synthesis in embryonic axes after long-term storage of maize seeds

1992 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 191-198
Author(s):  
R. Aguilar ◽  
E. Reynoso ◽  
M. Albores ◽  
E. Sánchez de Jiménez
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Seed Storage ◽  
Specific Cell ◽  
Embryonic Axes ◽  
Maize Seeds ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Layer Chromatography

AbstractThe aim of this work was to analyse the capacity for protein synthesis in embryonic axes from long-term-stored maize seeds, including the role of proline. Embryonic axes from seeds stored for 13 years (S) and non-stored seeds (NS) were incubated in nutrient media after application of [14C]proline. Transformation of [14C]proline into other amino acids was analysed by thin-layer chromatography. After 6 h of incubation, no other labelled amino acids were found. Incorporation of 14C into total soluble and cell-wall (proline-rich) proteins was assessed during this period. Incorporation of [14C]proline into specific cell-wall proteins was lower in S than in NS axes.Studies using [35S]methionine showed that protein synthesis was slower in axes of S than in NS seeds. Analyses of these proteins by gel electrophoresis and fluorography revealed qualitative differences between the [35S]methionine proteins synthesized by both types of axes. The NS: S ratios for the [35S]proteins were larger than those from the [14C]proline assays. These data may be interpreted as an indication of differential deterioration of transcription or translation in the axes during long-term seed storage.

scholarly journals Relationship between mitochondrial changes and seed aging as a limitation of viability for the storage of beech seed (Fagus sylvatica L.)

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e10569
Author(s):  
Arleta Małecka ◽  
Liliana Ciszewska ◽  
Aleksandra Staszak ◽  
Ewelina Ratajczak
Keyword(s):  
Fagus Sylvatica ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Natural Aging ◽  
Seed Storage ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Embryonic Axes ◽  
Seed Aging ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica L

Aging is one of the most fundamental biological processes occurring in all forms of eukaryotic life. Beech trees (Fagus sylvatica L.) produce seeds in intervals of 5–10 years. Its yearly seed yield is usually very low, so there is a need for long-term seed storage to enable propagation of this species upon demand. Seeds for sowing must be of high quality but they are not easy to store without viability loss. Understanding the mechanism responsible for seed aging is therefore very important. We observed the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in mitochondria of embryonic axes and cotyledons of beech seeds during natural aging. The presence of ROS led to changes in compromised mitochondrial membrane integrity and in mitochondrial metabolism and morphology. In this study, we pointed to the involvement of mitochondria in the natural aging process of beech seeds, but the molecular mechanisms underlying this involvement are still unknown.

scholarly journals Optimal long-term seed storage conditions for the endangered seagrass Zostera japonica: implications for habitat conservation and restoration

Plant Methods ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shidong Yue ◽  
Yu Zhang ◽  
Yi Zhou ◽  
Shaochun Xu ◽  
Shuai Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Storage ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Seed Vigor ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Zostera Japonica ◽  
Storage Method ◽  
Seagrass Meadows ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Term Storage

Abstract Background Seagrass meadows are recognized as critical and among the most vulnerable habitats on the planet. The alarming rates of decline in seagrass meadows have attracted the attention globally. There is an urgent need to develop techniques to restore and preserve these vital coastal ecosystems. So far little work has been done to develop effective long-term storage method for seagrass seeds. The seagrass Zostera japonica Asch. & Graebn is an endangered species in its native range. Here we utilized combinations of different storage times, salinities, and temperature to determine the most appropriate conditions for optimal seed storage. Results Zostera japonica seeds were strongly desiccation sensitive, with a complete loss of viability after 24 h of desiccation. Therefore, long periods of exposure to air should be avoided to minimize seed mortality. In addition, Z. japonica seeds could not endure freezing conditions such as – 5 °C. However, our results indicated that reduced storage temperature to 0 °C could effectively prolong the duration of dormancy of Z. japonica seeds. Seeds stored at 0 °C under a salinity of 40–60 psu showed relatively low seed loss, high seed vigor and fast seed germination, suggesting these to be optimal seed storage conditions. For example, after storage for 540 days (ca. 600 days since the seed collection from reproductive shoots in early October, 2016) at 0 °C under a salinity of 50 psu, seeds still had a considerable vigor, i.e. 57.8 ± 16.8%. Conclusion Our experiments demonstrated that seeds stored at 0 °C under a salinity of 40–60 psu could effectively prolong the duration of dormancy of Z. japonica seeds. The proposed technique is a simple and effective long-term storage method for Z. japonica seeds, which can then be used to aid future conservation, restoration and management of these sensitive and ecologically important habitat formers. The findings may also serve as useful reference for seed storage of other threatened seagrass species and facilitate their ex situ conservation and habitat restoration.

scholarly journals Temperature Requirements for the Storage and Germination of Delphinium × cultorum Seed

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (9) ◽  
pp. 989-992 ◽  
Author(s):  
William J. Carpenter ◽  
Joseph F. Boucher
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seed Storage ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Subzero Temperatures ◽  
Temperature Requirements ◽  
Cultivar Responses ◽  
Term Storage ◽  
Storage Temperatures

Delphinium seed germination was about equal in light or darkness. Seed total germination percentages were highest and about equal at constant 15 or 20C and alternating (12 h) 10/20C, 15/25C, or 20/30C. The most rapid and uniform germination generally occurred at constant 20C. Storing seeds dry at 2C for 3 weeks before germination reduced the days to 50% of final germination (T50) and between 10% and 90% germination (T90 - T10) but did not increase total germination. The seeds had only limited desiccation tolerance, with `Magic Fountains Lavender' having declining germination percentages at moisture contents below 7.0% and `Magic Fountains Lilac' below 6.7%. Seeds tolerated storage at low, nonfreezing or subzero temperatures, but cultivar responses differed. `Magic Fountains Lavendar' had progressively lower germination percentages as storage temperatures declined from 5 to –20C, while `Magic Fountains Lilac' germination increased. The relative humidity (RH) and temperature that delphinium seed received during long-term storage influenced germination. Germination after seed storage at 5C was higher, earlier, and more uniform than after 15 or 25C storage. The highest total germination percentages occurred following seed storage at 5C and 30% to 50% RH, the shortest T50 from 35% to 55% RH, and shortest spans (T90 - T10) from 25% to 50% RH.

scholarly journals Torrid Panicgrass Dormancy Relief Through Exogenous Chemical Treatments and Seed Storage Optimization of Temperature and Relative Humidity Parameters

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-204
Author(s):  
Scott B. Lukas ◽  
Joseph DeFrank ◽  
Orville C. Baldos ◽  
Ruijun Qin
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Seed Storage ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Oxygen Intermediates ◽  
Seasonally Dry ◽  
Chemical Treatments ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Physiological Dormancy

Seed dormancy is an evolutionary adaptation for increasing seedling survival by delaying germination and is found in many families of seed plants. Although dormancy is ecologically important, it becomes problematic during agronomic production and restoration. Torrid panicgrass (Panicum torridum) is a native Hawaiian annual grass that has been identified as a re-vegetation candidate for seasonally dry areas. Torrid panicgrass seed appears to possess a nondeep to intermediate physiological dormancy. This research aimed to characterize dormancy relief parameters by 1) evaluating exogenous hormonal, reactive oxygen intermediates, and simulated combustion product treatments; and 2) determining optimized storage conditions of relative humidity (RH) and temperature over a 10-month duration. Results indicate that all exogenous chemical treatments tested were not effective at relieving the dormancy present in torrid panicgrass. Optimal storage conditions to relieve dormancy were found with seeds equilibrated to 12% RH, stored at 30 °C for a period of 8 months resulting in 55% germination. Maintenance of viability for long-term storage up to 10 months was best achieved with seeds stored at 12% RH at 10, 20, or 30 °C.

scholarly journals Effect of Natural Seed Aging on Root and Shoot Traits in Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Cultivars

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 759-763
Author(s):  
Hayati Akman
Keyword(s):  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Seed Storage ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Coleoptile Length ◽  
Seed Aging ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Term Storage

This study targeted to elucidate the effect of seed aging on germination and emergence rates with and shoot characteristics in wheat cultivars. For this purpose, different bread wheat cultivars stored for 7 years and non-stored were compared for coleoptile length, root mass, shoot mass, root length as well as germination and seedling emergence rates. Here, the evidence suggested that seed storage over a prolonged period affected root and Shoot growth, coleoptile length, seed germination, and seedling emergence rates adversely. By linking germination and emergence rates, the data presented here indicated that a reduction in emergence rate in long-term storage was higher than that in the germination rate. It was also found that there were significant variations among the wheat cultivars about investigated traits during long-term storage. However, the emergence rates of Kate A1 and Flamura 85 were not affected substantially by long-term storage. The study suggested future studies to focus on clarification of the process controlling natural seed aging as such knowledge allows clue the eventual consequences of long-term storage.

Stability and viability of novel perennial ryegrass host–Neotyphodium endophyte associations

2013 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Tian ◽  
T.-N. Le ◽  
K. F. Smith ◽  
J. W. Forster ◽  
K. M. Guthridge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Storage ◽  
Fungal Endophyte ◽  
Accelerated Ageing ◽  
Duration Of Treatment ◽  
Pasture Grass ◽  
Symbiotic Associations ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Duration Of Storage ◽  
Term Storage

The temperate pasture grass Lolium perenne L. is commonly found in association with the fungal endophyte Neotyphodium lolii. Viability of both seed and endophyte was evaluated by inoculation of individual genotypes from the host cultivar Bronsyn with six distinct endophyte strains. The resulting populations were subjected to either long-term storage under various temperature conditions, or accelerated ageing (AA) treatments. High temperature storage was detrimental to endophyte viability. The AA variables (relative humidity [RH] and time) and subsequent temperature and duration of storage significantly (P < 0.05) affected both seed germination and endophyte viability. Significant interaction effects between the AA treatment and storage conditions were also observed. Endophyte viability following AA treatment was inversely correlated with both increasing RH and duration of treatment. Differential responses between different endophytes within the Bronsyn host were also apparent. The standard endophyte (SE) strain and the novel endophytes AR1 and AR37 exhibited higher viability than NEA2, NEA3, and NEA6 during seed storage, suggesting the importance of identification and selection for compatible symbiotic associations in agronomic varieties. The observed similarity between assessments of endophyte viability after AA treatments and following long-term storage confirmed the capacity of moderate conditions (e.g. 80% RH for 7 days or 100% RH for 4 days) to predict variation in viability between different endophyte strains.

Exploring seed longevity of UK native trees: implications for ex situ conservation

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-111
Author(s):  
Rachael M. Davies ◽  
Alice R. Hudson ◽  
John B. Dickie ◽  
Charlotte Cook ◽  
Tom O'Hara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Bank ◽  
Ageing Time ◽  
Seed Storage ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Accelerated Ageing ◽  
Actual Performance ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Multiple Samples

AbstractUK trees require increased conservation efforts due to sparse and fragmented populations. Ex situ conservation, including seed banking, can be used to better manage these issues. We conducted accelerated ageing tests on seeds of 22 UK native woody species, in order to assess their likely longevity and optimize their conservation in a seed bank. Germination at four ageing time points was determined to construct survival curves, and it was concluded that multiple samples within a species showed comparable responses for most species tested, except for Fraxinus excelsior. Of all species studied, one could be classified as very short-lived, four as short-lived and 17 as medium, with none exceeding the medium category. The most important finding of this manuscript is that although some taxonomic trends were observed, the results indicate the need for caution when making broad conclusions on potential seed storage life at a species, genus or family level. Longevity predictions were compared to actual performance of older collections held in long-term storage at the Millennium Seed Bank, Kew. Although most collections remain high in viability in storage after more than 20 years, for short-lived species at least, there is some indication that accelerated ageing predicts longevity in seed bank conditions. For species with reduced potential longevity, such as Fagus sylvatica and Ulmus glabra, additional storage options are recommended for long-term gene banking.

Role of the cotyledonary tissue in improving low and ultralow temperature tolerance of butternut (Juglanscinerea) embryonic axes

1998 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 903-910 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tannis Beardmore ◽  
Wendy Vong
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Seed Storage ◽  
Temperature Tolerance ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Embryonic Axes ◽  
Ultralow Temperature ◽  
Percent Germination ◽  
Viable Method

Butternut (Juglans cinerea L.) survival is threatened in North America by the fungus Sirococcus clavigignenti-juglandacearum. To date, there is no control for this fungal disease and long-term seed storage, to ensure survival of the species, is not a viable option. Initially, low (0, –5, –10, –15, and –40°C) and ultralow (–196°C, cryopreservation) temperature tolerance of butternut embryonic axes isolated from the nuts collected from one tree was examined. Embryonic axes with approximately 3 mm of cotyledonary tissue attached to the hypocotyl area germinated after exposure to 0, –5, –10, –15, and –40°C for 4 h and to –196°C for 24 h. Percent germination after exposure to 0 and –5°C was 87 and 82%, respectively, and after –10 and –15°C was 29 and 27%, respectively. Thirty-two percent of axes germinated after –40°C, and 36% germinated after exposure to –196°C. Tolerance to –196°C was examined in the embryonic axes isolated from the nuts of 13 other trees. Significant tree-to-tree variation was found in the tolerance of the embryonic axes to low temperature. This variation corresponded to the water content of the embryonic axes; water contents of 4.8% and lower exhibited tolerance to –196°C. Reducing the water content of the embryonic axes by slow desiccation to 4.8% or less resulted in an increased tolerance to –196°C. These results suggest that low and ultralow temperature storage of embryonic axes may be a viable method for butternut ex situ conservation.

scholarly journals Localization and Dynamics of the Methionine Sulfoxide Reductases MsrB1 and MsrB2 in Beech Seeds

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 402
Author(s):  
Natalia Wojciechowska ◽  
Agnieszka Bagniewska-Zadworna ◽  
Julia Minicka ◽  
Kornel M. Michalak ◽  
Ewa M. Kalemba
Keyword(s):  
Stress Responses ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Methionine Sulfoxide ◽  
Embryonic Axes ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Protein Storage Vacuoles ◽  
Methionine Sulfoxide Reductases ◽  
Term Storage

Beech seeds are produced irregularly, and there is a need for long-term storage of these seeds for forest management practices. Accumulated reactive oxygen species broadly oxidize molecules, including amino acids, such as methionine, thereby contributing to decreased seed viability. Methionine oxidation can be reversed by the activity of methionine sulfoxide reductases (Msrs), which are enzymes involved in the regulation of many developmental processes and stress responses. Two types of Msrs, MsrB1 and MsrB2, were investigated in beech seeds to determine their abundance and localization. MsrB1 and MsrB2 were detected in the cortical cells and the outer area of the vascular cylinder of the embryonic axes as well as in the epidermis and parenchyma cells of cotyledons. The abundances of MsrB1 and MsrB2 decreased during long-term storage. Ultrastructural analyses have demonstrated the accumulation of these proteins in protein storage vacuoles and in the cytoplasm, especially in close proximity to the cell membrane. In silico predictions of possible Msr interactions supported our findings. In this study, we investigate the contribution of MsrB1 and MsrB2 locations in the regulation of seed viability and suggest that MsrB2 is linked with the longevity of beech seeds via association with proper utilization of storage material.

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