The Yew Disaster Severity Index: A New Tool in Disaster Metrics

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Ying Yew ◽  
Rafael Castro Delgado ◽  
David James Heslop ◽  
Pedro Arcos González
Keyword(s):  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
International Strategy ◽  
Publication Type ◽  
Richter Scale ◽  
Local Capacity ◽  
Disaster Severity ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Non Parametric

AbstractObjectivesThe Richter Scale measures the magnitude of a seismic occurrence, but it does not feasibly quantify the magnitude of the “disaster” at the point of impact in real humanitarian needs, based on United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (UNISDR; Geneva, Switzerland) 2009 Disaster Terminology. A Disaster Severity Index (DSI) similar to the Richter Scale and the Mercalli Scale has been formulated; this will quantify needs, holistically and objectively, in the hands of any stakeholders and even across timelines.BackgroundAn agreed terminology in quantifying “disaster” matters; inconsistency in measuring it by stakeholders posed a challenge globally in formulating legislation and policies responding to it.MethodsA quantitative, mathematical calculation which uses the median score percentage of 100% as a baseline, indicating the ability to cope within the local capacity, was used. Seventeen indicators were selected based on the UNISDR 2009 disaster definition of vulnerability and exposure and holistic approach as a pre-condition. The severity of the disaster is defined as the level of unmet needs. Thirty natural disasters were tested, retrospectively, and non-parametric tests were used to test the correlation of the DSI score against the indicators.ResultsThe findings showed that 20 out of 30 natural disasters tested fulfilled the inability to cope, within local capacity in disaster terminology. Non-parametric tests showed that there was a correlation between the 30 DSI scored and the indicators.ConclusionBy computing a median fit percentage score of 100% as the ability to cope, and the correlation of the 17 indicators, in this DSI Scale, 20 natural disasters fitted into the disaster definition. This DSI will enable humanitarian stakeholders to measure and compare the severity of the disaster objectively, as well as enable future response to be based on needs.YewYY, Castro DelgadoR, HeslopDJ, Arcos GonzálezP. The Yew Disaster Severity Index: a new tool in disaster metrics. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2019;34(1):8–19.

scholarly journals Protocol Deviations: A Holistic Approach from Defining to Reporting

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Galuchie ◽  
Catherine Stewart ◽  
Frank Meloni
Keyword(s):  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Rapid Identification ◽  
Study Program ◽  
Protocol Deviation ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Investigational Agents ◽  
Or Organization ◽  
Study Designs ◽  
Consistent Application

AbstractImproving interpretation of existing guidelines and management of protocol deviation processes could increase process efficiencies and help reduce noise to support rapid identification of important protocol deviations. Towards this end, TransCelerate identified key principles to build upon and clarify the definition of a protocol deviation and developed a holistic approach to protocol deviation management. The approaches are flexible to suit a variety of indications, study designs, and investigational agents while also supporting consistent application within a study, program or organization.

scholarly journals Advancing UK Regulatory Science Strategy in the Context of Global Regulation: a Stakeholder Survey

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha Cruz Rivera ◽  
Barbara Torlinska ◽  
Eliot Marston ◽  
Alastair K. Denniston ◽  
Kathy Oliver ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pay For Performance ◽  
Regulatory Science ◽  
International Strategy ◽  
Free Text ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Accurate Definition ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Healthcare Innovation ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Medium Enterprises

Abstract Background The UK’s transition from the European Union creates both an urgent need and key opportunity for the UK and its global collaborators to consider new approaches to the regulation of emerging technologies, underpinned by regulatory science. This survey aimed to identify the most accurate definition of regulatory science, to define strategic areas of the regulation of healthcare innovation which can be informed through regulatory science and to explore the training and infrastructure needed to advance UK and international regulatory science. Methods A survey was distributed to UK healthcare professionals, academics, patients, health technology assessment agencies, ethicists and trade associations, as well as international regulators, pharmaceutical companies and small or medium enterprises which have expertise in regulatory science and in developing or applying regulation in healthcare. Subsequently, a descriptive quantitative analyses of survey results and directed thematic analysis of free-text comments were applied. Results Priority areas for UK regulatory science identified by 145 participants included the following: flexibility: the capability of regulations to adapt to novel products and target patient outcomes; co-development: collaboration across sectors, e.g. patients, manufacturers, regulators, and educators working together to develop appropriate training for novel product deployment; responsiveness: the preparation of frameworks which enable timely innovation required by emerging events; speed: the rate at which new products can reach the market; reimbursement: developing effective tools to track and evaluate outcomes for “pay for performance” products; and education and professional development. Conclusions The UK has a time-critical opportunity to establish its national and international strategy for regulatory science leadership by harnessing broader academic input, developing strategic cross-sector collaborations, incorporating patients’ experiences and perspectives, and investing in a skilled workforce.

Separation or Synthesis: A Holistic Approach to Therapeutics

1996 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 279-283
Author(s):  
Kathi J. Kemper
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Nurse Practitioners ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Medical Settings ◽  
The Public ◽  
Specialized Health Care ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Spiritual Healers

Over the past 50 years, health care has grown more complex and specialized. Health-care institutions now are staffed with an array of specialist physicians, social workers, psychologists, therapists, and nutritionists as well as general practitioners and nurses. The types of providers outside of the hospital are even more numerous and diverse: physicians; nurses; nurse practitioners; chiropractors; counselors; acupuncturists; herbalists; spiritual healers; and purveyors of nutritional supplements, aromatherapy, crystals, and more. Intent on distinguishing their "products," providers focus on differences, polarizing into distinct camps such as "mainstream or traditional" versus "alternative or unconventional." Although these dichotomies are simple, they also can mislead. The definition of "alternative" is very dependent on the definition "mainstream"; acupuncture may be an alternative in one setting, but it clearly is traditional within Asian communities. Therapies that once were considered unconventional, such as hypnosis and meditation, have moved into many mainstream medical settings. (See Sugarman article "Hypnosis: Teaching Children Self-regulation" in the January 1996 issue of Pediatrics in Review.) The public wants health care that is low-cost, safe, effective, and personalized. Practitioners of "natural" therapies often are viewed as more humanistic and less technological than busy physicians. According to one study, in 1990, alternative medical therapies were used by nearly one third of Americans.1

Building Local Capacity in Hand-Rub Solution Production during the 2014-2016 Ebola Outbreak Disaster: The Case of Liberia and Guinea

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 660-667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederique A Jacquerioz Bausch ◽  
Olivia Heller ◽  
Loséni Bengaly ◽  
Béatrice Matthey-Khouity ◽  
Pascal Bonnabry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
Health Facilities ◽  
World Health ◽  
Infection Prevention And Control ◽  
Political Commitment ◽  
Publication Type ◽  
Implementation Phase ◽  
Local Capacity ◽  
Chemical Products

AbstractBackgroundDuring the 2014-2015 Ebola outbreak in West Africa, the lack of infection prevention and control (IPC) measures in health care facilities amplified human-to-human transmission and contributed to the magnitude of this humanitarian disaster.Case ReportIn the summer of 2014, the Geneva University Hospitals (HUG; Geneva, Switzerland) conducted an IPC assessment and developed a project based on the local needs and their expertise with the support of the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation and the Humanitarian Aid Unit (SDC/HA; Bern, Switzerland). The project consisted of building local capacity in the production of alcohol-based hand-rub solution (ABHRS) based on the World Health Organization (WHO; Geneva, Switzerland) formula in non-Ebola health facilities at the peak of the outbreak in Liberia (Fall 2014) and during recovery in Guinea (September 2015) to promote safer care. Twenty-one pharmacists in Liberia and 22 in Guinea were trained and one years’ worth of laboratory equipment, chemical products, containers for personal use, and bioethanol were delivered to 10 hospitals per country with more than 8,000 100 ml bottles of solution produced at the end of the project.DiscussionHand hygiene using hand-rub solution is a critical component of safer care, especially in health care settings lacking runnable water. Throughout the Ebola outbreak, it was a timely moment to promote hand-rub solution and to reinforce IPC measures in non-Ebola health facilities. During the project implementation, a substantial challenge was the unavailability of bioethanol in Liberia and Guinea. In the long run, sustainability of the production can become an issue as it depends heavily on the local government’s financial and political commitment, the capacity to create an on-going demand for hand-rub solution in health facilities, the local purchase and replacement of the materials and chemical products, as well as the availability of continuous local partners’ support.Conclusion:The project demonstrated that it was feasible to build local capacity in ABHRS production during an emergency and in limited-resource settings when materials and training are provided. Future programs in similar contexts should identify and address the factors of sustainability during the implementation phase and provide regular, long-term technical support.Jacquerioz BauschFA, HellerO, BengalyL, Matthey-KhouityB, BonnabryP, TouréY, KervillainGJ, BahEI, ChappuisF, HagonO. Building local capacity in hand-rub solution production during the 2014-2016 Ebola outbreak disaster: the case of Liberia and Guinea.. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2018;33(6):660–667.

scholarly journals Salat Gaib untuk Korban Bencana Alam dalam Perspektif Hukum Islam

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-329
Author(s):  
Saifullah bin Anshor ◽  
Rachmat Bin Badani Tempo ◽  
Asri
Keyword(s):  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Natural Disaster ◽  
Time Limit ◽  
Normative Approach ◽  
Library Research ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
The Law ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Distance Limit ◽  
Descriptive Method

This study aimed at elaborating and identifying the law and the virtues of funeral prayer, the definition of absentee funeral prayer, the propositions of the inquiry of absentee funeral prayer, scholars’ opinions on the law of absentee funeral prayer, the ruling of absentee funeral prayer, time and distance limit in absentee funeral prayer, and the law of absentee funeral prayer on the victims of natural disasters. This study employed qualitative-descriptive method with normative approach techniques and library research. The result of the study shows that: (1) The law of absentee funeral prayer is permissible on the corpse that is not yet prayed on; (2) The ruling of absentee funeral prayer is the same as the ruling of funeral prayer; (3) There is no time limit for performing absentee funeral prayer on condition that the person dies at the time person who wants to perform prayer has been able to perform prayer; (4) The distance limit of absentee funeral prayer is the distance in which it is difficult to be visited by people who want to perform prayer; (5) The natural disaster victim, if his or her body is not found and is not yet prayed on, then he/she can be prayed on in absentia.

scholarly journals Yoga and victims

Temida ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vesna Nikolic-Ristanovic
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Crime Victims ◽  
Personal Experiences ◽  
Victim Support ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Victims Of Crime

In this paper the findings of literature review and explorative empirical research of yoga application in the work with victims of various forms of sufferings is presented. The largest notion of victim is accepted, which encompasses victims of crime, victims of human rights violations (including convicted persons), as well as victims of war, natural disasters and other sufferings. After determination of the notion of victim and yoga, the review and analyses of research findings and direct experiences with the application of yoga in victim support and victimisation prevention worldwide and in Serbia, is done. The author?s research findings as well as personal experiences with the application of yoga in the work with prisoners in prison for women in Pozarevac (Serbia), within the workshops that Victimology Society of Serbia implemented during 2012/2013, are presented as well. In the conclusions, contribution of yoga to holistic approach to victim support as well as important role that yoga may have in prevention of victimisation and criminalisation, is stressed. The importance of yoga for support of prisoners as the part of preparation for re-entry and with the aim to prevent recidivism, as well as to enable their more successful reintegration into the society, is particularly emphasised. The paper is based on the research implemented by the author for the purpose of writing the final essey at the course for yoga instructors on International yoga academy, Yoga Allience of Serbia.

The perfect storm: The impact of disaster severity on internal human trafficking

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 302-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anuj Gurung ◽  
Amanda D Clark
Keyword(s):  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Individual Vulnerability ◽  
Estimation Equations ◽  
Time Series Dataset ◽  
Disaster Severity ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Perfect Storm

In this paper, we argue natural disasters have a positive association with the likelihood of internal or domestic trafficking. Trafficking is a function of individual vulnerability and subsequent criminal agency. Economic scarcity and lack of government protection are conditions of vulnerability that are exploited by criminal agents and networks in recruiting and transporting victims. The advent of natural disasters exacerbates these conditions and provides an opportunity for criminals. We argue that internal trafficking is more likely in the wake of disasters as routes to transnational trafficking may be inaccessible. Employing generalized estimation equations on a unique cross-section, time-series dataset of 158 countries, between 2001 and 2011, we find a consistent positive link between natural disasters and the likelihood of internal trafficking. The internal trafficking angle is under-studied, and our findings point at the need for further exploration of the topic.

Life Cycle Management and Sharing Economy

2020 ◽  
pp. 152-166
Author(s):  
Roberta Guglielmetti Mugion ◽  
Gabriella Arcese ◽  
Martina Toni ◽  
Luca Silvestri
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Service Industry ◽  
Sustainability Assessment ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Life Cycle Management ◽  
Sharing Economy ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Life Cycle Thinking ◽  
Sustainable Value ◽  
Definition Of

The life cycle sustainability assessment based on Life Cycle Thinking is currently considered the most crucial paradigm that includes three kinds of sustainability variables. Life cycle management (LCM) is the most holistic approach in promoting sustainable value creation, embedding the social, economic, and environmental dimensions as a management tool. LCM is mainly applied in the manufacturing and products chain, whereas it is understudied in the service industry. This chapter proposes the development of the LCM general framework and the definition of indicators for the assessment of sustainability in the urban shared mobility. The research framework has been tested in the transportation sector focusing on car sharing context.

scholarly journals Improving Motion Safety and Efficiency of Intelligent Autonomous Swarm of Drones

Drones ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
Amin Majd ◽  
Mohammad Loni ◽  
Golnaz Sahebi ◽  
Masoud Daneshtalab
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Mission Planning ◽  
Operating Environment ◽  
Intelligent Monitoring ◽  
Planning Algorithm ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Formal Requirements ◽  
Swarm Mission

Interest is growing in the use of autonomous swarms of drones in various mission-physical applications such as surveillance, intelligent monitoring, and rescue operations. Swarm systems should fulfill safety and efficiency constraints in order to guarantee dependable operations. To maximize motion safety, we should design the swarm system in such a way that drones do not collide with each other and/or other objects in the operating environment. On other hand, to ensure that the drones have sufficient resources to complete the required task reliably, we should also achieve efficiency while implementing the mission, by minimizing the travelling distance of the drones. In this paper, we propose a novel integrated approach that maximizes motion safety and efficiency while planning and controlling the operation of the swarm of drones. To achieve this goal, we propose a novel parallel evolutionary-based swarm mission planning algorithm. The evolutionary computing allows us to plan and optimize the routes of the drones at the run-time to maximize safety while minimizing travelling distance as the efficiency objective. In order to fulfill the defined constraints efficiently, our solution promotes a holistic approach that considers the whole design process from the definition of formal requirements through the software development. The results of benchmarking demonstrate that our approach improves the route efficiency by up to 10% route efficiency without any crashes in controlling swarms compared to state-of-the-art solutions.

scholarly journals Cultural Heritage and natural disasters: the insurance choice of the Italian Cathedrals

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco De Masi ◽  
Donatella Porrini
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Risk Management Strategy ◽  
Insurance Contracts ◽  
System A ◽  
Insurance Choice ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Empirical Analysis

Abstract Given the threat of natural disasters to Cultural Heritage, this paper aims to investigate how the use of the insurance instrument contributes to the definition of an adequate risk management strategy. The analysis focuses on the role that insurance can play both by supplying policies covering damage and proactively stimulating prevention behaviors, taking into consideration information imperfections (i.e., adverse selection, moral hazard and charity hazard). Through a survey among Italian Dioceses, data about the diffusion of insurance contracts were collected together with other qualitative and quantitative elements linked to the decisional process of insuring Italian Cathedrals. The empirical analysis shows that the administrators of the Dioceses are aware of the economic value of the cultural assets and in safeguarding the Cathedrals they identify in the insurance system a useful and efficient risk management instrument.

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