scholarly journals Assessing the Quality of Roof-Harvested Rainwater after Bushfires

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (s1) ◽  
pp. s42-s42
Author(s):  
Malinda Steenkamp ◽  
Kirstin Ross ◽  
Harriet Whiley ◽  
Emmanuel Chubaka ◽  
Paul Arbon
Keyword(s):  
Field Study ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Fire Season ◽  
Contaminated Water ◽  
Field Validation ◽  
Fire Event ◽  
Drinking And Irrigation ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Copper Arsenate

Introduction:Roof-harvested rainwater held in domestic tanks is used for a variety of purposes in Australia, including drinking and irrigation. There is limited evidence about the quality of rainwater after bushfires. Current health guidelines can be interpreted that landholders need to drain their rainwater tanks to avoid the risk of contamination. Anecdotal reports indicate that following such advice caused additional distress to landowners affected by bushfires in South Australia. Sustainable water management is important for future resilience and more evidence on water quality following bushfires is needed.Aim:This project investigated whether there is contamination of roof-harvested rainwater after bushfires, and if so, whether such water was safe for various purposes.Methods:In 2017 we tested artificially contaminated water spiked with chemicals associated with bushfires (chromated copper arsenate-treated ash and firefighting foam) and conducted a pilot field study using two purposely built roofs during a pre-fire season burn off. A field validation is planned for the summer of 2018/19 (December 2018 - March 2019), i.e., we plan to obtain 200 samples from 50 households affected by bushfire – two samples immediately after the fire event and another two after the first rain.Results:The artificially created contaminated water fell within guidelines for non-potable uses such as irrigation and stock watering, but was found unsuitable for drinking even after being filtered through two commercially available water filtration systems. We also plan to present results from our field study of 50 households.Discussion:Contaminant concentrations, even in artificially spiked water samples, are low and acceptable for non-potable uses. Bottled water should be used for drinking. Landholders should be encouraged to use their water for recovery purposes. Such advice may assist with decreasing the stress experienced by affected landholders and help with recovery efforts through the availability of a greater body of water.

scholarly journals Hardening Properties of Cheeses by Latilactobacillus curvatus PD1 Isolated from Hardened Cheese-Ddukbokki Rice Cake

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1044
Author(s):  
Jeong A Kim ◽  
Geun Su Kim ◽  
Se Mi Choi ◽  
Myeong Seon Kim ◽  
Do Young Kwon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Acid Production ◽  
Lactobacillus Casei ◽  
Leuconostoc Mesenteroides ◽  
The Other ◽  
Rice Cake ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
High Protease Activity

Hardening of cheese is one of major issues that degrade the quality of Home Meal Replacement (HMR) foods containing cheese such as Cheese-ddukbokki rice cake (CD, stir-fried rice cakes with shredded cheese). The quality of cheese, such as pH, proteolytic, and flavor properties, depends on various lactic acid bacteria (LAB) used in cheese fermentation. The hardening of cheese is also caused by LAB. In this study, various LAB strains were isolated from CD samples that showed rapid hardening. The correlation of LAB with the hardening of cheese was investigated. Seven of the CD samples with different manufacturing dates were collected and tested for hardening properties of cheese. Among them, strong-hardening of cheese was confirmed for two samples and weak-hardening was confirmed for one sample. All LAB in two strong-hardening samples and 40% of LAB in one weak-hardening sample were identified as Latilactobacillus curvatus. On the other hand, most LAB in normal cheese samples were identified as Leuconostoc mesenteroides and Lactobacillus casei. We prepared cheese samples in which L. curvatus (LC-CD) and L. mesenteroides (LM-CD) were most dominant, respectively. Each CD made of the prepared cheese was subjected to quality test for 50 days at 10 °C. Hardening of cheese with LC-CD dominant appeared at 30 days. However, hardening of cheese with LM-CD dominant did not appear until 50 days. The pH of the LC-CD was 5.18 ± 0.04 at 30 days, lower than that of LM-CD. The proteolytic activity of LC-CD sample was 2993.67 ± 246.17 units/g, higher than that of LM-CD sample (1421.67 ± 174.5 units/g). These results indicate that high acid production and high protease activity of L. curvatus might have caused hardening of cheese.

scholarly journals The Effect of Acetic Acid Treatments on the Quality of Stored Carrot (Daucus carota L.) Seeds

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1176
Author(s):  
Hanna Dorna ◽  
Agnieszka Rosińska ◽  
Dorota Szopińska
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Storage Duration ◽  
Seed Vigour ◽  
Daucus Carota L ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Alternaria Dauci ◽  
Acid Treatments

Alternaria dauci (J.G. Kühn) J.W. Groves et Skolko and A. radicina Meier, Drechsler et E.D. Eddy are important seed-transmitted pathogens of carrot. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of acetic acid treatments on the quality of stored carrot seeds. Seeds of two samples were soaked for 30 min in 0.5, 1 and 2% acetic acid. Controls included untreated seeds, seeds soaked in distilled water and seeds treated with fungicide Zaprawa Nasienna T 75 WS/DS (a.i. thiram 75%). Germination, vigour and health of untreated and treated seeds were evaluated before and after 5 and 12 months of storage at 4 and 20 °C. Seeds of both samples treated with 0.5 and 1% acetic acid were characterized by higher germination capacity after storage than untreated seeds. However, treatments with 1 and 2% acetic acid negatively affected seed vigour. Generally, seeds of both samples treated with acetic acid were characterized by lower infestation with A. alternata and A. radicina after storage than untreated seeds and seeds soaked in distilled water. Moreover, acetic acid often controlled these fungi more effectively than the fungicide. Regardless of the storage duration, infestation with fungi was higher if seeds of both samples were stored at a lower temperature.

scholarly journals Agricultural wastes from wheat, barley, flax and grape for the efficient removal of Cd from contaminated water

RSC Advances ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (70) ◽  
pp. 40378-40386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick M. Melia ◽  
Rosa Busquets ◽  
Santanu Ray ◽  
Andrew B. Cundy
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Agricultural Wastes ◽  
Contaminated Water ◽  
Efficient Removal

Agricultural production results in wastes that can be re-used to improve the quality of the environment.

scholarly journals Locus of Control, Sources of Motivation, and Mental Boundaries as Antecedents of Leader–Member Exchange Quality

2010 ◽  
Vol 106 (1) ◽  
pp. 175-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
John E. Barbuto ◽  
Dayna Finch Weltmer ◽  
Lisa A. Pennisi
Keyword(s):  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Field Study ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Elected Officials ◽  
Leader Member Exchange ◽  
Study Analysis ◽  
Internal Motivation ◽  
Direct Reports ◽  
Member Exchange

In this study were examined leaders' and members' scores on locus of control, sources of motivation, and mental boundaries to predict the quality of leader–member exchanges. 80 elected officials and their 388 direct reports were sampled in a field study. Analysis indicated followers' scores on locus of control, leaders' scores of self-concept internal motivation, leaders' scores on locus of control, and followers' rated goal-internalization motivation were positively related to leader–member exchanges. Implications and directions for research are discussed.

Quality assessment of drinking water in the communities of São Francisco do Conde, Baiacu, Santo Amaro and Cachoeira

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOSEINA MOUTINHO TAVARES ◽  
Anderson Silva de Oliveira ◽  
Paulo Moutinho Andrade de Souza ◽  
Walter da Silva Junior
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Quality Assessment ◽  
Continuous Monitoring ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Chlorine Content ◽  
Contaminated Water ◽  
Public Agencies ◽  
Total Coliforms

This work aims to evaluate the quality of drinking water in the communities of Baiacu, Sao Francisco do Conde, Santo Amaro and Cachoeira. It was verified that in some places of Santo Amaro and Sao Francisco do Conde, from the microbiological point of view, it is not appropriate for consumption, because it was found that the presence of total coliforms in 50% of the samples and that the chlorine content is below the values indicated by the standards in 75% of the analyzed samples. Thus, the consumption of contaminated water can cause diseases, so it is recommended cleaning of residential reservoirs, maintenance in pipes periodically, as well as the need for continuous monitoring of water quality and the intense participation of public agencies in these actions. Through these actions and the active participation of the population, one can preserve the environment and the lives of all those who transit in the communities of the Bay of All Saints

scholarly journals Bacteria Detection and Differentiation Using Impedance Flow Cytometry

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 3496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Casper Clausen ◽  
Maria Dimaki ◽  
Christian Bertelsen ◽  
Gustav Skands ◽  
Romen Rodriguez-Trujillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Electrical Response ◽  
Solid Particles ◽  
Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy ◽  
Contaminated Water ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Microbiological Control ◽  
Frequency Phase

Monitoring of bacteria concentrations is of great importance in drinking water management. Continuous real-time monitoring enables better microbiological control of the water and helps prevent contaminated water from reaching the households. We have developed a microfluidic sensor with the potential to accurately assess bacteria levels in drinking water in real-time. Multi frequency electrical impedance spectroscopy is used to monitor a liquid sample, while it is continuously passed through the sensor. We investigate three aspects of this sensor: First we show that the sensor is able to differentiate Escherichia coli (Gram-negative) bacteria from solid particles (polystyrene beads) based on an electrical response in the high frequency phase and individually enumerate the two samples. Next, we demonstrate the sensor’s ability to measure the bacteria concentration by comparing the results to those obtained by the traditional CFU counting method. Last, we show the sensor’s potential to distinguish between different bacteria types by detecting different signatures for S. aureus and E. coli mixed in the same sample. Our investigations show that the sensor has the potential to be extremely effective at detecting sudden bacterial contaminations found in drinking water, and eventually also identify them.

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