Reform of the EU Cohesion Policy

2012 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 252-263
Author(s):  
Petr König
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Model ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Cohesion Policy ◽  
Regional Competitiveness ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Cohesion Fund ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Eu

The paper deals with the definition of eligibility criteria for regions and states to draw resources within the Convergence objective and the Regional Competitiveness and Employment objective of the EU Cohesion Policy funds. It proposes which regions and countries should be regarded as poor ones and to what extent they should be eligible for financing. The paper proposes that support would only go to regions in Member States poorer than the EU average and, within these countries, support would only be available to NUTS 2 regions poorer than the EU average. In addition, the difference between the region's GDP per capita in PPS and the EU average would be reflected by setting a ceiling for maximum admissible allocation to eligible regions between 1 and 4% of the region's GDP in EUR. The paper also proposes to abolish the Cohesion Fund. Finally, eligible regions and countries are identified based on a numerical model, where support going to regions with lower-than-average GDPpc PPS belonging to countries with lower-than-average GNIpc PPS is also calculated.

scholarly journals The Role of Cohesion Policy in the Development of Romania

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 97-107
Author(s):  
Lucian Paul
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Youth Unemployment ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Cohesion Policy ◽  
Cohesion Fund ◽  
Financial Framework ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Future Policy

AbstractCohesion is a common European value. The E.U.’s cohesion policy is and will remain an essential financing instrument for various multiannual development programs, for both member states and regions. This policy contributes to the development of the European Union, by reducing disparities between regions, generating jobs and increasing GDP per capita. The current paper aims to highlight several accomplishments and failings of the current cohesion policy, with a particular focus on post-2007 Romania, as well as taking a look at the future policy, envisioned for 2021 - 2027. The cohesion fund is making investments in areas such as digital infrastructure, innovation, combating climate change, ecological transition, energy, health and others. The main criterion on which this kind of financing is made is GDP per capita; however, other criteria have been added as well: youth unemployment, level of education, climate change and likely, migrant integration, in the near future. The European Commission proposes that, for the next multiannual financial framework, namely 2021 - 2027, local authorities become more involved in managing E.U. funds, particularly cohesion funds. Several new elements have been identified, for this following time frame, which will contribute to the modernization of the cohesion policy; they include investments across all regions, making them more accessible to E.U. citizens, making it more adapted to regional development and linking it to the European semester.

scholarly journals The allocation of financial resources of the EU Structural Funds and Cohesion Fund during the period 2007–2013

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 49-56
Author(s):  
W. Heijman ◽  
T. Koch
Keyword(s):  
Financial Resources ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Member States ◽  
The Real ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Structural Funds ◽  
Cohesion Fund ◽  
Eu Structural Funds ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Eu

The article describes a model to predict the allocation of the EU Structural Funds and the Cohesion Fund over the EU member states. By comparing the predicted allocation with the real allocation, it is possible to indicate which member states receive more and which countries receive less than the predicted share. The variables determining the predicted allocation are the GDP per capita and the size of the population.

scholarly journals Non-Price Criteria for the Evaluation of the Tender Offers in Public Procurement of Ukraine

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
Alexander Baranovsky ◽  
Nataliia Tkachenko ◽  
Vladimer Glonti ◽  
Valentyna Levchenko ◽  
Kateryna Bogatyrova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Procurement ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Tender Offers ◽  
Product Categories ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time ◽  
The Eu

Traditionally, public procurement has been associated with the measurement of achieving savings. However, recent research shows that the economic impact of public procurement is not limited only to savings, but by measuring the impact of four capitals—natural, human, social, and economic—on sustainable well-being over time. Ukraine is a country with a very low gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, which exacerbates the problem of the impact of public procurement results on the population’s welfare. Ukrainian public procurement legislation allows customers to apply non-price criteria (the share of non-price criteria cannot be more than 70%), which, together, are taken into account in the formula of the quoted price. The studies show that the effect of the use of non-price criteria depends on the relevance of the method of the evaluation of non-price criteria. The most important non-price criteria for Ukrainian customers by product categories and the methods of their evaluation are analyzed according to the Bi.prozorro.org analytics module. Therefore, it is concluded that the quoted price method, which is used in Ukrainian practice, is not relevant in comparison with the method used in the EU. A survey of the government buyers on the practice of applying non-price criteria was conducted, and the areas of their use were identified.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Dependence of GHG Emissions on the Support and Taxes in the EU Countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 7650
Author(s):  
Astrida Miceikienė ◽  
Kristina Gesevičienė ◽  
Daiva Rimkuvienė
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Empirical Study ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Environmental Taxes ◽  
Environmental Support ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Support Measures ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Eu

The reduction of GHG emissions is one of the priorities of the EU countries. The majority of studies show that financial support and environmental taxes are one of the most effective measures for the mitigation of the negative consequences of climate change. The EU countries employ different environmental support measures and environmental taxes to reduce GHG emissions. There is a shortage of new studies on these measures. The aim of the present study is to compare the effectiveness of the environmental support measures of the EU countries with the effectiveness of environmental taxes in relation to the reduction of GHG emissions. This study is characterized by the broad scope of its data analysis and its systematic approach to the EU’s environmental policy measures. An empirical study was performed for the EU countries with the aim of addressing this research problem and substantiating theoretical insights. A total of 27 EU member states from 2009 to 2018 were selected as research samples. The research is based on a cause-and-effect relationship, where the factors affecting environmental pollution (environmental taxes and subsidies) are the cause, and GHG emissions are the effect. Statistical research methods were used in the empirical study: descriptive statistics, the Shapiro–Wilk test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), simple regression and cluster analysis. The results show that the older member countries of the EU, which had directed the financial measures of environmental policy towards a reduction in energy consumption, managed to achieve a greater reduction in GHG emissions compared to the countries which had not applied those measures. The Central and Eastern European countries are characterized by lower environmental taxes and lower expenditure allocated to environmental protection. The countries with a higher GDP per capita have greater GHG emissions that the countries with lower GDP per capita. This is associated with greater consumption, waste, and energy consumption. The study conducted gives rise to a discussion regarding data sufficiency in the assessment and forecasting of GHG emissions and their environmental consequences.

The role of EU cohesion policy in promoting smart and sustainable competitiveness in the regions of the Visegrad countries

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 325-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malgorzata Dziembala
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Inclusive Development ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Cohesion Policy ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Visegrad Group ◽  
Visegrád Countries ◽  
Diagnostic Variables

Purpose This paper aims to analyse the competitiveness of the regions of the Visegrad countries (Czechia, Hungary, Poland and Slovakia) with respect to their sustainability and discuss the role of the EU cohesion policy in promoting regional competitiveness in this dimension. Design/methodology/approach The sustainable competitiveness of Visegrad Group countries was analysed with the use of a taxonomic method, to determine the regions with the highest, middle and low level of the sustainable development (competitiveness). The level of sustainable competitiveness of the Visegrad regions was indicated based on the author’s own set of diagnostic variables which define three dimensions of sustainability. Findings The analysis revealed that the regions of the Visegrad Group countries with high GDP per capita are not necessarily ranked high in terms of sustainable competitiveness. The obtained results confirm the assumption that traditional indicators such as GDP per capita do not capture all aspects of social and environmental sustainability. Thus, the cohesion policy in the Visegrad Group countries should be diversified and adjusted to the special needs of the regions with particular emphasis being laid on sustainability dimension and the level of their economic development. When identifying the directions of support under the cohesion policy, special attention should be paid to the development of modern technologies, including information and communication technology (ICT), that facilitate the transformation of regions towards the smart regions path. Research limitations/implications Because of the data availability, it covers only one year, 2014, where it was possible. Further investigation should focus on the comparison of the changes over a certain period and changes that took place in the ranking. In addition, a detailed analysis of the regions with regard to their development of the “sustainable path” should be considered. It is essential to support less developed regions in the field of the sustainable and inclusive development through cohesion policy which is supported in 2014-2020. However, it is also important to promote the ICT investment in the lagging regions. Practical implications The analysed 35 regions of the Visegrad countries were ranked according to their level of sustainable competitiveness. The three groups of regions were distinguished. The first place in the ranking was occupied by the region which recorded the highest value of the TMC – a taxonomic measure of sustainable competitiveness and the last region – it is the region with the lowest value of the TMC. Originality/value The paper discusses the concept of sustainable competitiveness of regions. The level of sustainable competitiveness of the Visegrad regions was indicated based on the own set of diagnostic variables which define three dimensions of sustainability. The paper makes a contribution to the discussion on the regional smart and sustainable competitiveness and the role of EU cohesion policy in supporting the sustainable competitiveness.

scholarly journals Immigration from the CIS countries to Russia in the context of the economic crisis in the Russian Federation

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 677-694
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Piekutowska ◽  
Monika Fiedorczuk
Keyword(s):  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Foreign Labour ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Cis Countries

Research background: A series of changes towards the greater openness to the influx of foreign labour force made in recent years in the Russian Federation prompts for analysis of immigration to this country as adopted solutions in the field of the migration policy affect other regions of destination (e.g. EU). Liberalisation of access of migrants to the Russian labour market is a part of a wider problem: competition (on an international scale) for an influx of foreign labour force. In this context, it is worth examining how the crisis which affected the Russian economy influenced the scale of immigration to Russia from the main sending countries, i.e. the countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). Purpose of the article: The aim of the article is to show the impact of the crisis which affected the Russian economy in recent years on the scale of immigration from the CIS countries to Russia. The main hypothesis is as follows: the factor explaining immigration from the CIS countries to Russia is the difference in the level of income measured by GDP per capita (PPP) between the sending state and the country of destination. Such studies have not been undertaken so far and, due to the role of factors inherent in the concept of post-imperial migration, it becomes relevant to examine whether the factors shaping migration (including the differences in the level of income) recognised in the neoclassical theory of migration are important in explaining the flows in this area. Methods: In order to check the relationship between immigration and the economic crisis in Russia, the analysis of correlation and regression was used. Findings & Value added: It has been shown that despite the decline in GDP in Russia, immigration from the CIS countries to Russia is not decreasing. Therefore, it is a dependence different from the assumptions of the neoclassical economy according to which the reduction of differences in the level of income between the sending state and the country of destination reduces the scale of international migrations. As it has been shown, the scale of migration to Russia may not be explained by the difference in the level of GDP per capita in all CIS countries and, inter alia, political factors, conflicts or naturalisation processes become more important in shaping the scale of migration to Russia.

Vincoli europei e internazionali. Il rilancio della politica climatica dell'Unione Europea per il periodo post Kyoto

2009 ◽  
pp. 149-161
Author(s):  
Andrea Molocchi
Keyword(s):  
Energy Saving ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Burden Sharing ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Carbon Intensity ◽  
Renewable Sources ◽  
Legislative Proposals ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

- The relation describes the European strategy on energy and climate under the UNFCCC process for the post Kyoto period (after 2012), by which on march 2007 the EU Council adopted general targets at 2020 for a 20%/30% emission reduction, 20% renewables and 20% energy saving. Furthermore it highlights the main features of the legislative proposals published by the European Commission (EC) to implement the strategy on the 23rd January 2008, soon after the Bali COP13 (so called "energy and climate package"). The package contains proposals to implement the 20% emission reduction through EU level defined caps in the ETS sectors and by national targets differentiation in the non-ETS sectors (respectively under the "ETS revision directive" and "Effort Sharing Decision") and a further directive proposal to implement the 20% target for renewables through national target differentiation as well. The burden sharing criteria applied by EC in the energy package proposals are based on GDP per capita and they do not consider any environmental efficiency criteria, such as carbon intensity or potential for renewable sources based on land availability. As the Impact Assessment produced by the Commission itself shows, the way the "solidariety criteria" has been applied produced estimated costs on GDP highly differentiated between Member States and non-coherent with the GDP per capita distribution. Nevertheless, these burden sharings have not been timely corrected by the EC to bring optimisation with GDP per capita rankings in the UE. In addition, the EC package does not contain legislative proposals aimed to implement the 20% energy saving target. Recent disclosure of information by EC consultants (NTUA - Primes Model) shows that the implicit energy saving potential of the proposed package is limited to 7%, thus far away from the announced 20%. Due to these lackings, the EC package and related burden sharings may not be considered coherent to the EU Council spring 2007 mandate. European Parliament or Council emendments aimed at a higher efficiency and fairness for the whole package are deemed necessary by the author, even if politically difficult to be introduced.Key words: Energy & climate package, GHGs, energy efficiency, renewable sources, European policy.

Equality of Opportunity: Theory and Measurement

2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 1288-1332 ◽  
Author(s):  
John E. Roemer ◽  
Alain Trannoy
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Distributive Justice ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Inequality Of Opportunity ◽  
Equality Of Opportunities ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Ethical View

During the last third of the twentieth century, political philosophers actively debated about the content of distributive justice; the ruling ethical view of utilitarianism was challenged by various versions of equality of opportunities. Economists formulated several ways of modeling these ideas, focusing upon how individuals are placed with respect to opportunities for achieving various outcomes, and what compensation is due to individuals with truncated opportunities. After presenting a review of the main philosophical ideas (section 2), we turn to economic models (sections 3 and 4). We propose a reformulation of the definition of economic development, replacing the utilitarian measure of GDP per capita with a measure of the degree to which opportunities for income acquisition in a nation have been equalized. Finally, we discuss issues that the econometrician faces in measuring inequality of opportunity, briefly review the empirical literature (section 6), and conclude (section 7). (JEL C43, D63, D70, I24)

“IMPLEMENTING LOCAL DEVELOPMENT STRAT EGIES” WITHIN AXIS 4. RDP 2007-2013 – SPATIA L DIVERSIFICATION OF LEVEL AND STRUCTURE OF LEADER FUNDS DELIVERY

2018 ◽  
Vol XX (1) ◽  
pp. 123-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roman Rudnicki ◽  
Katarzyna Wilczyńska ◽  
Kamil Kaliński
Keyword(s):  
Local Development ◽  
Composite Index ◽  
Agricultural Activities ◽  
Cohesion Policy ◽  
Financial Perspective ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Spatial Diversification ◽  
Micro Enterprises ◽  
The Eu

The aim of the study was to assess the spatial diversification of the level and structure of delivery of the funds available within measure ‘Implementing Local Development Strategies’ under axis 4 of the RDP 2007-2013. The period taken into analysis covered the European financial perspective of 2007-2013. The spatial scope of the analysis involved the territory of Poland, on the level of districts. It focused on the diversification in the number of applications (40.4 thousand in total; on average 10.5 applications per 10 thousand people) and in the amount of payments (2.8 bln PLN in total; on average 73 PLN per capita), taking into account four kinds of implemented strategies: “Small projects”, “Renovation and development of villages’, “Creation and development of micro-enterprises” and “Diversification into non-agricultural activities”. The spatial analysis was based on two elementary indices which were later subjected to the standardization procedure and presented jointly in form of composite index of LEADER funds implementation. It emerged that the above-mentioned RDP measure was strongly diversified spatially, with the highest level of indices in districts featuring a lower socio-economic development, which is in line with the EU cohesion policy.

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