scholarly journals Stabilization Policies and Agricultural Impacts in Developing Countries: The Case of Bolivia

1995 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 184-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor H. De la Barra ◽  
Mary A. Marchant ◽  
Aida C. Isinika
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Exchange Rates ◽  
Money Demand ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Demand For Money ◽  
Agricultural Export ◽  
Agricultural Impacts ◽  
Demand Functions ◽  
Export Shares ◽  
Stabilization Policies

AbstractThis research examines the success of stabilization policies to control hyperinflation in Bolivia. Money demand functions for the hyperinflation and stabilization periods were econometrically estimated and statistically tested. We conclude that the demand for money in Bolivia changed after stabilization policies were implemented, indicating that the new government's objectives were met. Stabilization policies resulted in real economic growth for Bolivia's economy, including its agricultural sector, where agricultural export shares increased tenfold as stabilization policies corrected overvalued exchange rates.

scholarly journals The Contribution of Chicken Products’ Export to Economic Growth: Evidence from China, the United States, and Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (19) ◽  
pp. 5253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaowei Wen ◽  
Lin Li ◽  
Sangluo Sun ◽  
Qinying He ◽  
Fu-Sheng Tsai
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Economic Growth ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
The United States ◽  
Agricultural Export ◽  
Economic Growth Rate ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Food And Agriculture Organization ◽  
Equilibrium Relationship

As a core industry of the national economy, there is no doubt that the agricultural sector has to adapt to the new economic development. In the literature, many researchers have agreed that agricultural export is an important factor affecting economic growth. This paper explores the contribution of chicken products’ export to economic growth and the causal relationship between them. Based on the data from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and World Bank between 1980 and 2016, this paper describes and compares the characteristics of chicken products’ export trade of China, the United States, and Brazil. By applying the co-integration analysis, we find that there is no significant long-term equilibrium relationship between chicken products’ export and economic growth rate in China, the United States, or Brazil. However, the growth rate of chicken products’ export significantly promotes the economic growth rate for the United States. Besides, for both China and the United States, the direct pull degree (an estimator quantifying the degree of agricultural products’ exports in stimulating economic growth) of chicken products’ export is relatively small and less volatile. Yet, the direct pull degree of China is 14 times that of the United States, and the contribution to the economic growth rate of the United States is 8 times that of China. Both the direct pull degree and economic growth contribution of chicken products’ export of Brazil fluctuates more often, and its direct pull degree is 0.25 times that of China, and the economic contributions to the growth rate is 1.65 times that of China.

scholarly journals Exchange Rate and Demand for Money in Nigeria

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
BigBen Chukwuma Ogbonna
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Exchange Rates ◽  
Foreign Exchange ◽  
Money Demand ◽  
Black Market ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Market Exchange ◽  
Demand Model ◽  
Demand For Money ◽  
Official Exchange Rate

<p>This study is designed to examine empirically the impact of exchange rate on the stability of demand for money in Nigeria where official and black market exchange rates operate side by side due to exchange controls. Variants of money demand model are estimated using monthly data for the period of 2005-2013. Cointegration and system equation techniques combined with CUSUM and CUSUMSQ tests are employed in the data analysis. Results indicate that in all the variants of the money demand model, coefficients of exchange rates variable (official or black market exchange rates) manifest significant <em>t</em> statistics, meaning that the null hypothesis of restricting the coefficients of exchange rates in money demand model in Nigeria is rejected for each variant. This suggests that coefficient of exchange rates variable (OMEXR or BMEXR) belongs to the cointegrating space in all the instances. Judging from the freakiness of the coefficients of the variants of the money demand function and the results of the tests for stability of the models combined, the most appropriate  demand for money function for Nigeria appear to be the one that includes M1, the interest rate, inflation rate, and official exchange rate. This implies that in Nigeria, a greater percentage of the foreign exchange demand may be public sector driven and substantial percentage of the private sector foreign exchange needs is sourced from the official exchange rate market due to the substantial disparity between the two rates. This may mean consumers’ easy access to official exchange rate and transparency in the operation of official exchange rate market in Nigeria.</p>

scholarly journals Performance of Agricultural Export Products on Economic Growth in Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-52
Author(s):  
Oyetoun Dunmola Amao ◽  
Michael Akwasi Antwi ◽  
Oluwaseun Samuel Oduniyi ◽  
Timothy Olukunle Oni ◽  
Theresa Tendai Rubhara
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
National Bureau ◽  
Agricultural Export ◽  
Development Indicators ◽  
Agricultural Exports ◽  
The World Bank

This research sought to explore the performance of agricultural export products on economic growth in Nigeria from 1960 to 2016. Secondary data from the National Bureau of Statistics, the Central Bank of Nigeria’s Annual Statistical Bulleting, the World Bank, and World Development Indicators were used. The Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) model was explored in this study. The findings of the study show that food and live animals, beverages, and tobacco were found to be negative but significant to agricultural exports, while agricultural exports (total) and crude materials, inedible except fats, were found to be negative and insignificant to economic growth. Animal and vegetable oils and fats were found to be positive but insignificant to economic growth. Based on the following findings, it is recommended that policies aimed at increasing the productivity and quality of agricultural products, especially those from crops, should be implemented. There is also a need to devote more resources to the production of non-export goods to increase exports. Above all, more credit should be extended to the agricultural sector with a low or zero interest rate, which may lead to a higher rate of economic growth in Nigeria.

scholarly journals The Macro-Economic Reform And The Demand For Money In India

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Basab Dasgupta ◽  
Rangan Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Economic Reform ◽  
Money Demand ◽  
Demand For Money ◽  
Limited Ability ◽  
Economic Agents ◽  
Demand Functions ◽  
Elasticity Of Demand ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Scale Variable

This paper is an attempt to estimate the short-run and long-run money demand functions in India during the 90s. The paper tries to closely follow the methodologies laid down in Chow (1966), Hendry (1980), Rose (1985) and Hwang (1985). The main findings of the paper are: 1) permanent income is not an appropriate representation of the scale variable, 2) the positive interest elasticity of demand for money in the short-run, 3i) limited ability of economic agents in removing disequilibrium of past period, and 4) rejection of the real adjustment hypothesis.

scholarly journals Understanding Agricultural Productivity Growth in Sub-Saharan Africa: An Analysis of the Nigerian Economy

2020 ◽  
pp. 147-158
Author(s):  
Miftahu Idris
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Agricultural Productivity ◽  
Sustainable Growth ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Agricultural Export ◽  
The Impact

In recent times, agricultural sector has returned to the forefront of development issues in Nigeria given its contribution to employment creation, sustainable food supply and provision of raw materials to other sectors of the economy. In lieu of that, this study examines the impact of agriculture on the economic growth in Nigeria using annual time series data covering the sample period of 1981 to 2018. To analyse the data collected, Autoregression Distributed Lag (ARDL) model through the bounds testing framework is employed to measure the presence of cointegrating relations between real GDP, agricultural productivity, labour force, and agricultural export. Results show the presence of both short-run and long-run relationship among the variables, and that agriculture has a positive and significant impact on economic growth in Nigeria. These findings inform the Nigerian government on the need to expedite labour force (human capital) and agricultural export (non-oil) development with the view to achieving sustainable growth and development. In addition, developing skills and competencies of labour force through capacity building in the agricultural sector will encourage research and development thereby increase the export size, hence essential for long-term growth.

Money Demand in Structural Modelsof Exchange Rate Determination

2012 ◽  
pp. 96-113
Author(s):  
D. Kadochnikov
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Exchange Rates ◽  
Money Demand ◽  
Structural Models ◽  
Demand For Money ◽  
Exchange Rate Determination ◽  
History Of

The demand for money is the key element uniting major structural models of exchange rate determination. The author analyzes the history of money demand theorizing in connection with the development of structural models of exchange rate determination. The author demonstrates that the evolution of the theory of money demand shaped the evolution of the theory of exchange rate. The paper also contains suggestions regarding the approach to criticizing structural exchange rate determination models on methodological grounds and the manner of teaching the economics of exchange rates.

scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF ZAKAT ON MONEY DEMAND FUNCTION: EVIDENCE FROM MUZAKKI IN INDONESIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 308
Author(s):  
Atika Rukminastiti Masrifah ◽  
Fajrin Intan Safitri
Keyword(s):  
Money Demand ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
Demand Model ◽  
Demand For Money ◽  
Demand Functions ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
The Impact

Most research in the Islamic economy on the money demand have employed the Keynesian approach, while in this research money demand functions are derived from a microeconomic approach. Thus, the aim of this study is to test and analyze some of the key factors in Islamic money demand model with the microeconomics-based approach, and then, in accordance with Islamic principles, chooses muzakki as the best sample. The data source for this study is 200 muzakki in Java, with a period of 2020. Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) is adopted to examine the relationship between the seven constructs, i.e., zakat, PLS rate, state, regulation, goods and services, conspicuous consumption, and money demand. The systemic relationship between the structures indicates that the integrated model of demand for money has a strong zakat relationship, while reliability and validity have been established. Zakat plays a key role in applying the established paradigm of demand for money in relation to goods and services. Zakat significantly affects both goods and services as well as models of money demand. This proposed new model equation is intended to help each household economic actor increase the demand for philanthropic money. As many muzakki are spread throughout Indonesia, it is expected that the welfare of the poor and the low-income society will gradually improve and, finally, the distribution of income in Indonesia will be on an equal footing. 

Oil, Rates and Inflation

2005 ◽  
pp. 4-20
Author(s):  
E. Yasin
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Money Supply ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Gdp Growth ◽  
Business Activity ◽  
Demand For Money ◽  
Percentage Points

Currency inflow in Russia from raw materials exports allows taking into account high business activity to assimilate growing money supply transforming it into economic growth. Fall in business activity as a result of pressure on business led to saturation of demand for money. This considerably increases the danger of inflation growth and requires sterilization of excess money supply including the usage of the Stabilization Fund. According to the author's estimates, corresponding losses in GDP growth will equal 1-2 percentage points per year.

ANALISIS SUB SEKTOR UNGGULAN YANG BERDAYA SAING PADA SEKTOR PERTANIAN DI KABUPATEN LANGKAT

TABULARASA ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Rif’an Harahap
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Regional Economic Growth ◽  
Food Crops ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Welfare Society ◽  
Decentralized Governance

System changes from centralized to decentralized governance has provided an opportunity for local governments to regulate and manage Natural Resources (NR) and Human Resources (HR) in the region to create a welfare society can be characterized by the growth of regional economic growth. The research was conducted to determine the contribution and sub-sectors growth in the agricultural sector and a base and competitive sub-sectors so that it can be seen the leading subsectors of agriculture. The analysis method used is descriptive analysis will illustrate how the rate of growth and the contribution of sub-sectors in the agricultural sector. Location Quetiont (LQ) Analysis was used to determine the base and non-base sub-sector. While the analysis of Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) is used to see the sub-sector competitiveness. The combination of LQ and RCA analysis can then be used to determine the leading sub-sector. From the analysis it is known that sub-sector of the agricultural sector is a base sub-sector which has the potential to become the leading sub-sector. Meanwhile, from the RCA analysis is known that the base of the agricultural sector has a highly competitive sub-sectors are food crops, tree crops, livestock and forestry.

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