Ricerche sulla Familiarità delle Neoplasie delle Vie Biliari e del Pancreas

1965 ◽  
Vol 14 (S1) ◽  
pp. 14-22
Author(s):  
A. Maltarello ◽  
P. E. Beolchini ◽  
V. Gualandri
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Digestive System ◽  
Familial Occurrence ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Incidence Of Cancer ◽  
Cancer Of The Pancreas ◽  
Biliary Ducts ◽  
Healthy Persons

SUMMARYThe AA. have undertaken a study on the familial occurrence of cancer cases in the families of 142 patients with cancer of the biliary ducts, and of 208 patients with cancer of the pancreas, in comparison with the families of equal numbers of healthy persons (controls). On the basis of the collected data, neither for the cases of cancer of the pancreas nor for the cases of cancer of the biliary ducts, a higher incidence of cancer (both same site or all sites) than in the families of the controls has been observed. On the contrary, a significantly higher incidence of cancer of the digestive system has been demonstrated in the families of the two groups of cancer patients taken together.

Pancreatic oncofetal antigen and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 in sera of patients with cancer of the pancreas.

1989 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 405-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Shahangian ◽  
H A Fritsche ◽  
J I Hughes ◽  
F B Gelder
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Progressive Disease ◽  
Carbohydrate Antigen ◽  
True Positive ◽  
Cancer Markers ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Cancer Of The Pancreas ◽  
Reference Limits ◽  
Pancreatic Oncofetal Antigen

Abstract Pancreatic oncofetal antigen (POA) and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9) were measured in the sera of 23 patients with cancer of the pancreas to determine the true positive rates of these cancer markers. In one group of unselected pancreatic cancer patients (n = 9), both tests showed above-normal results in three patients and both gave values that were within reference limits in three other patients. Two of the three remaining patients had increased CA 19-9 but normal POA values, and one patient had increased POA but normal CA 19-9 concentrations in serum. In another group of 14 pancreatic cancer patients, selected on the basis of increased concentrations of POA in serum, the CA 19-9 values were increased in eight. In four patients who had progressive disease, the concentrations of both markers increased with time in one patient, only POA in one, and only CA 19-9 concentration in another. (The fourth patient had increased but stable concentrations of POA and CA 19-9 in serum.) These data suggest that serum POA and CA 19-9 measurements should be used in combination in the evaluation of patients with cancer of the pancreas.

Treatment and secondary prevention of venous thromboembolism in cancer patients

2012 ◽  
Vol 03 (03) ◽  
pp. 121-125
Author(s):  
I. Pabinger ◽  
C. Ay
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Oral Anticoagulants ◽  
Factor Xa ◽  
New Oral Anticoagulants ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Potential Use

SummaryCancer is a major and independent risk factor of venous thromboembolism (VTE). In clinical practice, a high number of VTE events occurs in patients with cancer, and treatment of cancerassociated VTE differs in several aspects from treatment of VTE in the general population. However, treatment in cancer patients remains a major challenge, as the risk of recurrence of VTE as well as the risk of major bleeding during anticoagulation is substantially higher in patients with cancer than in those without cancer. In several clinical trials, different anticoagulants and regimens have been investigated for treatment of acute VTE and secondary prophylaxis in cancer patients to prevent recurrence. Based on the results of these trials, anticoagulant therapy with low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWH) has become the treatment of choice in cancer patients with acute VTE in the initial period and for extended and long-term anticoagulation for 3-6 months. New oral anticoagulants directly inhibiting thrombin or factor Xa, have been developed in the past decade and studied in large phase III clinical trials. Results from currently completed trials are promising and indicate their potential use for treatment of VTE. However, the role of the new oral thrombin and factor Xa inhibitors for VTE treatment in cancer patients still has to be clarified in further studies specifically focusing on cancer-associated VTE. This brief review will summarize the current strategies of initial and long-term VTE treatment in patients with cancer and discuss the potential use of the new oral anticoagulants.

Thrombosis in Cancer Patients Treated with Hematopoietic Growth Factors - A Meta-Analysis

1996 ◽  
Vol 75 (02) ◽  
pp. 368-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Barbul ◽  
G Finazzi ◽  
A Grassi ◽  
R Marchioli
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Hematopoietic Growth Factors ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Cytotoxic Treatment ◽  
Pertinent Data ◽  
Thrombotic Complications ◽  
Vascular Occlusions

SummaryHematopoietic colony-stimulating factors (CSFs) are largely used in patients with cancer undergoing cytotoxic treatment to accelerate neutrophil recovery and decrease the incidence of febrile neutropenia. Clinical practice guidelines for their use have been recently established (1), taking into account clinical benefit, but also cost and toxicity. Vascular occlusions have been recently reported among the severe reactions associated with the use of CSFs, in anedoctal case reports (2, 3), consecutive case series (4) and randomized clinical trial (5, 6). However, the role of CSFs in the pathogenesis of thrombotic complications is difficult to ascertain, because pertinent data are scanty and widely distributed over a number of heterogenous investigations. We report here a systematic review of relevant articles, with the aims to estimate the prevalence of thrombosis associated with the use of CSFs and to assess if this rate is significantly higher than that observed in cancer patients not receiving CSFs.

Nutrition as an important component of treatment and rehabilitation in cancer patients

2020 ◽  
pp. 15-22
Author(s):  
T.F. Tatarchuk ◽  
◽  
E.G. Manzhalii ◽  
D.V. Pominchuk ◽  
T.S. Shevchuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Patients ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Nutritional Support ◽  
Digestive System ◽  
Multidisciplinary Approach ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Protective Activity ◽  
Macro And Micronutrients ◽  
Diet And Lifestyle ◽  
Cachexia Syndrome

The article deals with the importance of nutritional support for cancer patients. The high frequency of malnutrition and impaired absorption of macro and micronutrients in cancer patients and, which, at its maximum, is anorexia-cachexia syndrome, is the direct cause of the patient’s death. The progression of the tumor process is always accompanied by a violation of nutritional status, which is manifested in changes in weight, weakness, decreased physical activity, and disorders of the digestive system. It is estimated that about half of cancer-related deaths can be prevented, many of which are due to diet and lifestyle. Dietary factors can be involved in the initiation of tumor growth (carcinogens), promote growth, or have protective activity against the development of cancer. Therefore, nutritional support is one of the important components of a multidisciplinary approach in the treatment of cancer. Based on the analysis of the literature, the main tasks of nutritional support, indications, methods and criteria for the effectiveness of therapeutic nutrition are determined for the practitioner, a brief overview of the diets that are used by cancer patients is presented, and a list of anticarcinogenic products is compiled. Key words: anticarcinogenic products, diet, nutritional support, cancer patient, cancer prevention, nutrition.

COVID-19 in patients suffering from Cancer: Review article

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 1494-1499
Author(s):  
Shahid Ahmad Siddiqui
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Immune Status ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Care Plan ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
Cancer Review ◽  
Ideal System ◽  
Lethal Infection ◽  
Set Up

The episode of Covid19 (CORONA VIRUS) has become one of the greatest worldwide dangers around the world, which has now tainted over 1.7 million individuals with deaths of over 100,000 lives far & wide. Under these extraordinary conditions, there are no entrenched rules for cancer patients. The danger for genuine infection & passing in CORONA VIRUS cases increments with propelling age & existing co-morbid medical issue. After the rise of primary suspects in China during last month of 2019, enormous exploration endeavors have been in progress to comprehend the instruments of infectivity & contagiousness of coronavirus, a lethal infection liable for wretched endurance results. To limit the death rate, it gets judicious to distinguish indications quickly & utilize medicines suitably. Despite the fact that no fix has been set up, different clinical preliminaries are in progress to decide the most ideal system. Overseeing patients with cancer in these conditions is a fair task, considering their weak immune status & their ill health. Through this thorough audit, we talk about the effect of CORONA VIRUS on wellbeing & the immune system of who are infected, assessing the most recent care plan draws near & progressing clinical preliminaries. Also, we talk about difficulties confronted while treating cancer patients & propose possible ways to deal with these weak populace during pandemic.

scholarly journals The trends of complementary alternative medicine use among cancer patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Rahman Jazieh ◽  
Khadega A. Abuelgasim ◽  
Husam I. Ardah ◽  
Mohammad Alkaiyat ◽  
Omar B. Da’ar
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Medicine ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Clinical Information ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Complementary Alternative Medicine ◽  
Cultural Changes ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Cam Use ◽  
The Individual

Abstract Background The use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is common among cancer patients and it may reflect the individual and societal beliefs on cancer therapy. Our study aimed to evaluate the trends of CAM use among patients with cancer between 2006 and 2018. Methods We included 2 Cohorts of patients with cancer who were recruited for Cohort 1 between 2006 and 2008 and for Cohort 2 between 2016 and 2018. The study is a cross-sectional study obtaining demographic and clinical information and inquiring about the types of CAM used, the reasons to use them and the perceived benefits. We compared the changes in the patterns of CAM use and other variables between the two cohorts. Results A total of 1416 patients were included in the study, with 464 patients in Cohort 1 and 952 patients in Cohort 2. Patients in Cohort 2 used less CAM (78.9%) than Cohort 1 (96.8%). Cohort 1 was more likely to use CAM to treat cancer compared to Cohort 2 (84.4% vs. 73%, respectively, p < 0.0001,); while Cohort 2 used CAM for symptom management such as pain control and improving appetite among others. Disclosure of CAM use did not change significantly over time and remains low (31.6% in Cohort 1 and 35.7% for Cohort 2). However, physicians were more likely to express an opposing opinion against CAM use in Cohort 2 compared to Cohort 1 (48.7% vs. 19.1%, p < 0.001, respectively). Conclusion There is a significant change in CAM use among cancer patients over the decade, which reflects major societal and cultural changes in this population. Further studies and interventions are needed to improve the disclosure to physicians and to improve other aspects of care to these patients.

scholarly journals 798. Metronidazole Exposure Prior to Clostridiodes difficile Infection (CDI) is a Risk Factor for Severe C. difficile Disease in Cancer Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S442-S443
Author(s):  
Denise Marie A Francisco ◽  
Liangliang Zhang ◽  
Ying Jiang ◽  
Adilene Olvera ◽  
Eduardo Yepez Guevara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Research Support ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Study Investigator ◽  
Severity Levels ◽  
Permutation Analysis

Abstract Background Antibiotic use is a risk factor for CDI. Few studies have correlated use of prior antibiotics with CDI severity in cancer patients. This study identified clinical and microbiology risk factors associated with severe CDI in patients with cancer. We hypothesized that previous antibiotic exposure and microbiome composition at time of CDI presentation, are risk factors for severe disease in cancer patients. Methods This non-interventional, prospective, single-center cohort study examined patients with cancer who had their first episode or first recurrence of CDI between Oct 27, 2016 and Jul 1, 2019. C. difficile was identified using nucleic acid amplification testing. Multivariate analysis was used to determine significant clinical risk factors for severe CDI as defined in the 2018 IDSA/SHEA guidelines. Alpha, and beta diversities were calculated to measure the average species diversity and the overall microbial composition. Differential abundance analysis and progressive permutation analysis were used to single out the significant microbial features that differed across CDI severity levels. Results Patient (n=200) demographics show mean age of 60 yrs., 53% female, majority White (76%) and non-Hispanic (85%). Prior 90 day metronidazole use (Odds Ratio OR 4.68 [1.47-14.91] p0.009) was a significant risk factor for severe CDI. Other factors included Horn’s Index &gt; 2 (OR 7.75 [1.05-57.35] p0.045), Leukocytosis (OR 1.29 [1.16-1.43] p&lt; 0.001), Neutropenia (OR 6.01 [1.34-26.89] p0.019) and Serum Creatinine &gt;0.95 mg/dL (OR 25.30 [8.08-79.17] p&lt; 0.001). Overall, there were no significant differences in alpha and beta diversity between severity levels. However, when identifying individual microbial features, the high presence of Bacteroides uniformis, Ruminococceae, Citrobacter koseri and Salmonella were associated with protection from severe CDI (p&lt; 0.05). Table 1 - Results of multivariate logistic regression analysis of factors associated with severe CDI Figure 1. Microbiome features identified by progressive permutation analysis as seen in a volcano plot. Conclusion A number of risk factors for severe CDI were identified among this population, including prior 90 day metronidazole use. Also, increased relative abundance of Bacteroides uniformis, Ruminococceae, Citrobacter koseri and Salmonella were linked to protection from severe CDI. Reducing metronidazole use in patients with cancer may help prevent subsequent severe CDI. Disclosures Adilene Olvera, MPH MLS (ASCP), MERK (Grant/Research Support, Scientific Research Study Investigator) Kevin W. Garey, PharmD, MS, FASHP, Merck & Co. (Grant/Research Support, Scientific Research Study Investigator) Ryan J. Dillon, MSc, Merck & Co., Inc., (Employee) Engels N. Obi, PhD, Merck & Co. (Employee)

scholarly journals Adverse reactions of targeted therapy in cancer patients: a retrospective study of hospital medical data in China

BMC Cancer ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruofei Du ◽  
Xin Wang ◽  
Lixia Ma ◽  
Leon M. Larcher ◽  
Han Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Targeted Therapy ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Target Therapy ◽  
Skin Damage ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background The adverse reactions (ADRs) of targeted therapy were closely associated with treatment response, clinical outcome, quality of life (QoL) of patients with cancer. However, few studies presented the correlation between ADRs of targeted therapy and treatment effects among cancer patients. This study was to explore the characteristics of ADRs with targeted therapy and the prognosis of cancer patients based on the clinical data. Methods A retrospective secondary data analysis was conducted within an ADR data set including 2703 patients with targeted therapy from three Henan medical centers of China between January 2018 and December 2019. The significance was evaluated with chi-square test between groups with or without ADRs. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression with backward stepwise method were applied to assess the difference of pathological characteristics in patients with cancer. Using the univariate Cox regression method, the actuarial probability of overall survival was performed to compare the clinical outcomes between these two groups. Results A total of 485 patients were enrolled in this study. Of all patients, 61.0% (n = 296) occurred ADRs including skin damage, fatigue, mucosal damage, hypertension and gastrointestinal discomfort as the top 5 complications during the target therapy. And 62.1% of ADRs were mild to moderate, more than half of the ADRs occurred within one month, 68.6% ADRs lasted more than one month. Older patients (P = 0.022) and patients with lower education level (P = 0.036), more than 2 comorbidities (P = 0.021), longer medication time (P = 0.022), drug combination (P = 0.033) and intravenous administration (P = 0.019) were more likely to have ADRs. Those with ADRs were more likely to stop taking (P = 0.000), change (P = 0.000), adjust (P = 0.000), or not take the medicine on time (P = 0.000). The number of patients with recurrence (P = 0.000) and metastasis (P = 0.006) were statistically significant difference between ADRs and non-ADRs group. And the patients were significantly poor prognosis in ADRs groups compared with non-ADRs group. Conclusion The high incidence of ADRs would affect the treatment and prognosis of patients with cancer. We should pay more attention to these ADRs and develop effective management strategies.

scholarly journals Tinzaparin Safety in Patients With Cancer and Renal Impairment: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 107602962097959
Author(s):  
I. A. Vathiotis ◽  
N. K. Syrigos ◽  
E. P. Dimakakos
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Renal Impairment ◽  
Creatinine Clearance ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Major Bleeding ◽  
Severe Renal Impairment ◽  
Special Populations ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Patients With Cancer

Low-molecular-weight heparins are approved for primary and secondary venous thromboembolism prevention. Tinzaparin is the low-molecular-weight heparin with the highest average molecular weight. The purpose of this systematic review is to provide an update regarding the safety profile of tinzaparin, prescribed either as a prophylactic or as a therapeutic regimen for venous thromboembolism in special populations, including cancer patients and patients with renal impairment. We identified prospective studies up to August 2020 reporting safety outcomes for cancer patients and patients with renal impairment on tinzaparin regimens. In patients with cancer major bleeding rates fluctuated between 0.8% and 7%. Patients on tinzaparin exhibited significantly lower rates of clinically relevant nonmajor bleeding events in comparison with those on vitamin K antagonists. Bioaccumulation of tinzaparin was not correlated with age, body weight or creatinine clearance. Periodic administration of either prophylactic or therapeutic doses of tinzaparin did not result in bioaccumulation, even in patients with severe renal impairment and creatinine clearance < 20 ml/min. Major bleeding rates for non-cancer patients with renal impairment on prophylactic tinzaparin regimens were 0%. Non-cancer patients with renal impairment on therapeutic tinzaparin regimens exhibited major bleeding in 0 to 3.4% of cases; major bleeding rates were higher for cancer patients with renal impairment on therapeutic tinzaparin regimens (4.3 to 10%). Tinzaparin can be used without dose adjustment in patients with severe renal impairment and creatinine clearance > 20 ml/min. Tinzaparin represents a safe choice for special populations at increased risk for thrombosis and bleeding.

Impact of cancer on emergency department outcomes.

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e18618-e18618
Author(s):  
Alexander S. Qian ◽  
Edmund M. Qiao ◽  
Vinit Nalawade ◽  
Rohith S. Voora ◽  
Nikhil V. Kotha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Risk Stratification ◽  
Hospital Mortality ◽  
Hospital Admission ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Metastatic Cancer ◽  
Inpatient Admission ◽  
Cancer Site ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Increased Risk

e18618 Background: Cancer patients frequently utilize the Emergency Department (ED) for a variety of diagnoses, both related and unrelated to their cancer. Patients with cancer have unique risks related to their cancer and treatment which could influence ED-related outcomes. A better understanding of these risks could help improve risk-stratification for these patients and help inform future interventions. This study sought to define the increased risks cancer patients face for inpatient admission and hospital mortality among cancer patients presenting to the ED. Methods: From the National Emergency Department Sample (NEDS) we identified patients with and without a diagnosis of cancer presenting to the ED between 2016 and 2018. We used International Classification of Diseases, version 10 (ICD10-CM) codes to identify patients with cancer, and to identify patient’s presenting diagnosis. Multivariable mixed-effects logistic regression models assessed the influence of cancer diagnoses on two endpoints: hospital admission from the ED, and inpatient hospital mortality. Results: There were 340 million weighted ED visits, of which 8.3 million (2.3%) occurred in patients with a cancer diagnosis. Compared to non-cancer patients, patients with cancer had an increased risk of inpatient admission (64.7% vs. 14.8%; p < 0.0001) and hospital mortality (4.6% vs. 0.5%; p < 0.0001). Factors associated with both an increased risk of hospitalization and death included older age, male gender, lower income level, discharge quarter, and receipt of care in a teaching hospital. We identified the top 15 most common presenting diagnoses among cancer patients, and among each of these diagnoses, cancer patients had increased risks of hospitalization (odds ratio [OR] range 2.0-13.2; all p < 0.05) and death (OR range 2.1-14.4; all p < 0.05) compared to non-cancer patients with the same diagnosis. Within the cancer patient cohort, cancer site was the most robust individual predictor associated with risk of hospitalization or death, with highest risk among patients with metastatic cancer, liver and lung cancers compared to the reference group of prostate cancer patients. Conclusions: Cancer patients presenting to the ED have high risks for hospital admission and death when compared to patients without cancer. Cancer patients represent a distinct population and may benefit from cancer-specific risk stratification or focused interventions tailored to improve outcomes in the ED setting.

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