scholarly journals Neuropsychological Outcomes of U.S. Veterans with Report of Remote Blast-Related Concussion and Current Psychopathology

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 845-855 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathaniel W. Nelson ◽  
James B. Hoelzle ◽  
Bridget M. Doane ◽  
Kathryn A. McGuire ◽  
Amanda G. Ferrier-Auerbach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Future Research ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Neuropsychological Performance ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Psychological Conditions ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Current Axis ◽  
History Of ◽  
Axis I ◽  
Neuropsychological Outcomes

AbstractThis study explored whether remote blast-related MTBI and/or current Axis I psychopathology contribute to neuropsychological outcomes among OEF/OIF veterans with varied combat histories. OEF/OIF veterans underwent structured interviews to evaluate history of blast-related MTBI and psychopathology and were assigned to MTBI (n = 18), Axis I (n = 24), Co-morbid MTBI/Axis I (n = 34), or post-deployment control (n = 28) groups. A main effect for Axis I diagnosis on overall neuropsychological performance was identified (F(3,100) = 4.81; p = .004), with large effect sizes noted for the Axis I only (d = .98) and Co-morbid MTBI/Axis I (d = .95) groups relative to the control group. The latter groups demonstrated primary limitations on measures of learning/memory and processing speed. The MTBI only group demonstrated performances that were not significantly different from the remaining three groups. These findings suggest that a remote history of blast-related MTBI does not contribute to objective cognitive impairment in the late stage of injury. Impairments, when present, are subtle and most likely attributable to PTSD and other psychological conditions. Implications for clinical neuropsychologists and future research are discussed. (JINS, 2012, 18, 1–11)

scholarly journals Predictors of suicidal thoughts and behavior in children: results from penalized logistic regression analyses in the ABCD study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura S. van Velzen ◽  
Yara J. Toenders ◽  
Aina Avila-Parcet ◽  
Richard Dinga ◽  
Jill A. Rabinowitz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Mental Health Treatment ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
History Of ◽  
Social Environmental ◽  
Penalized Logistic Regression

AbstractDespite numerous efforts to predict suicide risk in children, the ability to reliably identify youth that will engage in suicide thoughts or behaviors (STB) has remained remarkably unsuccessful. To further knowledge in this area, we apply a novel machine learning approach and examine whether children with STB could be differentiated from children without STB based on a combination of sociodemographic, physical health, social environmental, clinical psychiatric, cognitive, biological and genetic characteristics. The study sample included 5,885 unrelated children (50% female, 67% white) between 9 and 11 years old from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study. Both parents and youth reported on children’s STB and based on these reports, we divided children into three subgroups: 1. children with current or past STB, 2. children with psychiatric disorder but no STB (clinical controls) and 3. healthy control children. We performed binomial penalized logistic regression analysis to distinguish between groups. The analyses were performed separately for child-reported STB and parent-reported STB. Results showed that we were able to distinguish the STB group from healthy controls and clinical controls (area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUROC) range: 0.79-0.81 and 0.70-0.78 respectively). However, we could not distinguish children with suicidal ideation from those who attempted suicide (AUROC range 0.49-0.59). Factors that differentiated the STB group from the clinical control group included family conflict, prodromal psychosis symptoms, impulsivity, depression severity and a history of mental health treatment. Future research is needed to determine if these variables prospectively predict subsequent suicidal behavior.

scholarly journals Cannabinoids for the Treatment of Schizophrenia? A Balanced Neurochemical Framework for Both Adverse and Therapeutic Effects of Cannabis Use

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carissa M. Coulston ◽  
Michael Perdices ◽  
Antony F. Henderson ◽  
Gin S. Malhi
Keyword(s):  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Normal Population ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Neuropsychological Performance ◽  
Neurobiological Substrates ◽  
History Of ◽  
Positive And Negative Symptoms

Recent studies have found that cannabinoids may improve neuropsychological performance, ameliorate negative symptoms, and have antipsychotic properties for a subgroup of the schizophrenia population. These findings are in contrast to the longstanding history of adverse consequences of cannabis use, predominantly on the positive symptoms, and a balanced neurochemical basis for these opposing views is lacking. This paper details a review of the neurobiological substrates of schizophrenia and the neurochemical effects of cannabis use in the normal population, in both cortical (in particular prefrontal) and subcortical brain regions. The aim of this paper is to provide a holistic neurochemical framework in which to understand how cannabinoids may impair, or indeed, serve to ameliorate the positive and negative symptoms as well as cognitive impairment. Directions in which future research can proceed to resolve the discrepancies are briefly discussed.

The Relationship of Personality Disorders and Axis I Clinical Disorders

2012 ◽  
pp. 236-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul S. Links ◽  
Jamal Y. Ansari ◽  
Fatima Fazalullasha ◽  
Ravi Shah
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Clinical Utility ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Axis Ii ◽  
Clinical Disorders ◽  
Current Axis ◽  
Single Category ◽  
Axis I ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of this review is (a) to study and systematically review the recent literature examining the co-occurrence and relationships between Axis I psychiatric disorders and Axis II personality disorders (PDs), specifically the five originally proposed for DSM- 5, and (b) to consider the clinical utility of the current Axis I and II approach in DSM-IV-TR. Community surveys or prospective cohort studies were reviewed as a priority. Our review indicates that the associations between clinical disorders and PDs clearly varied within each disorder and across the five PDs. Our understanding has advanced, particularly related to the clinical utility of comorbidity; however, it seems premature to conclude that comorbidity is best conceptualized by having all disorders in a single category or by deleting disorders so that comorbidity no longer occurs. Our review suggests some priorities for future research into comorbidity such as including PDs in future multivariate comorbidity models.

Stress, Anxiety, Somatic Complaints, and Voice Use in Women With Vocal Nodules

1996 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan L. Goldman ◽  
Joan Hargrave ◽  
Robert E. Hillman ◽  
Eva Holmberg ◽  
Carla Gress
Keyword(s):  
Psychosocial Factors ◽  
Normal Control ◽  
Voice Disorders ◽  
Somatic Complaints ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Preliminary Examination ◽  
History Of ◽  
Vocal Nodules ◽  
Voice Use

Psychosocial factors long have been associated with the development of hyperfunctional voice disorders such as vocal nodules. However, experimental evidence concerning the role of these factors in the etiology of vocal nodules specifically is sparse. The present study represents a preliminary examination of some psychosocial factors for 3 groups of adult female subjects: 27 with vocal nodules, 17 with hyperfunctionally related voice disorders other than nodules (pathological control), and 33 with no history of voice disorders (normal control). Four psychosocial factors were studied: stress (measured by the Social Readjustment Rating Questionnaire), anxiety (measured by the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory), voice use, and somatic complaints (both measured by our own instruments). Relative to the normal control group, the patients with nodules showed significantly increased scores on all factors except stress. The pathological control group showed significantly increased scores on all factors except voice use. No significant differences were found between the group with nodules and the pathological control group on any factor. The results are discussed in terms of their implications for clinical practice and future research.

The relationship between the experience of mood symptoms, expectancy judgement and a person's current concern

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 81-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth S. Reilly ◽  
Warren Mansell
Keyword(s):  
Future Research ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Stress Scale ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Current Concern ◽  
Future Events ◽  
Future Task ◽  
Axis I ◽  
Current Concerns ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThis study examined expectancy judgement and current concerns in high and low depression and anxiety participants. Expectancy judgement was measured using the Personal Future Task. Depression and anxiety symptoms were measured using the Depression and Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS). A novel scale, the Current Concerns Checklist, was developed to measure ten current concerns that were thought to relate to the most salient concerns of common Axis I disorders. Using the DASS, 19 participants were allocated to the distressed group and 17 to the non-distressed group. As hypothesized, there was a main effect for the current concern concept; participants thought of more future events regarding their current concern than their non-concern. However, the hypothesis that the distressed group would generate more negative relative to positive responses than the non-distressed group within the domain of their most prominent current concern was not supported. Future research and implications for CBT are discussed.

How does the territory impact on entrepreneurial family embeddedness?

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Martínez-Sanchis ◽  
Cristina Aragón-Amonarriz ◽  
Cristina Iturrioz-Landart
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Methodology ◽  
Family Firms ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Positive Externalities ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
History Of ◽  
Open Coding ◽  
The Impact

Purpose This paper aims to explore how territory impacts on entrepreneurial families’ (EFs) embeddedness to unveil the role that territories play on the continuity and development of EFs. Design/methodology/approach To study complex contexts where subjective realities are analyzed, a constructivist qualitative approach is recommended. Given that, this paper develops a qualitative methodology in which 25 semi-structured interviews were carried out and analyzed based upon the use of ATLAS.ti, following an open-coding approach. Findings This paper found out that the territory can condition EFs’ embeddedness in different ways. First, through the cultural embeddedness, the shared territorial understanding of values and norms inherited by the history of the territory. Second, by the political embeddedness, i.e. the power exercised by territorial economic actors and non-market institutions. Third, through the structural embeddedness generated by the territorial social networks and the generation of close relationships and finally, through the so-called cognitive embeddedness, the territorial actors’ representations, interpretations and meanings. These four modes of territorial embeddedness are unfolded in a set of 16 territorial factors that impact on EFs’ embeddedness. Most of the identified factors, 14 out of the 16, are acting mainly over one of the embeddedness modes studied (cultural, political, structural and cognitive), while two of them, because they are operating simultaneously on various modes of embeddedness, have been considered transversal factors. Originality/value EFs have, to a great extent, been recognized as major generators of positive externalities in the territories in which they are located, and to date, the literature has focused on the impact that firms and family firms have on regional development. However, how the territory conditions the embeddedness of these families, especially how it impacts on the EFs’ territorial embeddedness, remains unexplored. This paper proposes a framework of 16 factors that help to understand the embeddedness dynamics between EFs and territories, serving as a starting point for future research avenues. Additionally, regional policy makers may use it as a guidance to build policy mix that considers these territorial factors to boost EFs’ embeddedness.

The adoption and institutionalization of governmental foresight practices in Singapore

foresight ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eddie Choo ◽  
Alessandro Fergnani
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Secondary Literature ◽  
Institutional Entrepreneurs ◽  
Economic Progress ◽  
Five Factors ◽  
History Of

Purpose The aim of this study is to trace the factors that have contributed to the adoption and institutionalization of foresight practices within the Singapore Public Service, Government of Singapore. Design/methodology/approach This study discusses the history of the adoption and institutionalization of foresight practices in the Singapore Government; this study has carried out content analysis of secondary literature and conducted 11 in-depth semi-structured interviews with elite informants. Findings This study finds that the adoption and institutionalization of foresight practices in the Singapore Government was brought about by a combination of five factors. The most foundational factor in our model is the role of institutional entrepreneurs, who drew upon the symbolic representation of Singapore’s vulnerability to legitimize the use of foresight, thus resonating well with local technocratic groups to maintain steady economic progress. This study further argues that the underdevelopment of foresight in the local private and academic domains can be at least in part explained by the historical connotations of foresight that were uncovered. Research limitations/implications As the findings are fruit of the authors’ interpretation of the secondary literature/interview data, they require further triangulation by future research. Originality/value This study presents the interpretation of elite informants’ accounts and historical documents to explain one of the most exemplar yet classified case studies of governmental foresight globally.

Does Trauma Impair Self-Control? Differences in Delaying Gratification Between Former Indentured Child Laborers and Nontraumatized Controls

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 1068-1081 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keti Simmen-Janevska ◽  
Simon Forstmeier ◽  
Sandy Krammer ◽  
Andreas Maercker
Keyword(s):  
Delay Discounting ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Delayed Gratification ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship

Traumatic experiences may affect an individual’s ability to exercise self-control, which is an essential characteristic for successfully managing life. As a measure of self-control, we used the delay discounting paradigm, that is, the extent to which a person devalues delayed gratification. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between childhood trauma and delay discounting using a control group design with elderly participants with a mean age of 76.2 years. Swiss former indentured child laborers (n = 103) who had been exposed to trauma during their childhood were compared with nontraumatized controls (n = 50). The trauma exposure group showed a considerably higher preference for immediate smaller rewards than the controls, indicating their lower self-control. A hierarchical regression analysis revealed that a history of abuse, current self-efficacy, and education were significantly associated with delay discounting. Implications for future research are discussed.

scholarly journals Using Google Docs to Enhance Students’ Collaborative Translation and Engagement

10.28945/4888 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 503-528
Author(s):  
Amira Ali
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Discussion Forums ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Google Docs ◽  
Positive Feelings ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Experimental Group

Aim/Purpose: This study investigated the integration of Google Docs in facilitating undergraduate students’ interactional collaboration in an online translation course. The study also explored the engagement patterns that emerge when students use Google Docs and evaluated their experience of using this platform in collaborative translation. Background: Integration of technology in specialized English translation classes has become crucial to empower students with the required skills in the labor market. However, students might perceive specialized translation as a tedious and difficult process and become reluctant to engage in translation classes. Few studies have investigated students’ performance and engagement aspects in online collaborative translation contexts. Methodology: This study employed a mixed-method approach. Multiple sources of data were collected from translation tests, an engagement questionnaire, semi-structured interviews, and students’ interactions on the online platforms. Ninety-three students majoring in business administration were purposefully assigned into a control group and two experimental groups. Throughout six weeks, students in the first experimental group collaborated on translation assignments via discussion forum boards on a Learning Management System (LMS), whereas students in the second experimental group used Google Docs to complete three translation assignments. Control group students completed the same assignments individually. Contribution: This study contributes to the previous body of knowledge in the field of collaborative learning, translation, and educational technology by exploring the effectiveness of using Google Docs in improving students’ collaboration and engagement in a specialized translation course. Findings: One-way ANOVA for the translation post-tests showed a statistically significant improvement in the overall translation performance and translation subskills of the experimental group who used Google Docs compared to the control group and the experimental group who interacted through discussion forums. Descriptive statistics of the engagement questionnaire revealed a significant statistical increase in the Google Docs group’s behavioral, cognitive, and affective engagement. Content analysis of the qualitative data showed that students engaged behaviorally by giving and receiving feedback both at the global and local levels and cognitively through questioning, giving constructive comments, and justifying arguments. Students also engaged effectively and expressed positive feelings when collaborating online. Moreover, students reported the usefulness of using Google Docs in the collaborative translation process and expressed their satisfaction and confidence. Recommendations for Practitioners: Practitioners should use collaborative technological tools to upgrade translators’ skills and increase students’ engagement. Recommendation for Researchers: It is recommended that researchers compare students’ engagement in different learning modalities and explore the relationship between students’ translation competence and their engagement level. Impact on Society: The society of specialized translation will be improved by implementing innovative pedagogical techniques in teaching and training translators. This research can raise awareness of the importance of online tools in exchanging learning experiences inside and outside the academic contexts. Future Research: Future studies should explore the impact of implementing web/computer-based tools in the collaborative translation of different genres and various languages.

“How do you live without a stomach?”: A multiple case study examination of total gastrectomy for palliation or prophylaxis

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheila N. Garland ◽  
Joshua Lounsberry ◽  
Guy Pelletier ◽  
Oliver F. Bathe
Keyword(s):  
Family History ◽  
Lived Experience ◽  
Total Gastrectomy ◽  
Stomach Cancer ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Surgical Removal ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact

AbstractObjective:The number of diagnosed cases of stomach cancer in Western countries is relatively small compared to prevalence rates in Eastern populations. This disparity creates a general lack of information and understanding of the experience of patients treated for this disease in North America. Surgical removal of the stomach, also called total gastrectomy (TG), is presently the only curative treatment available to patients with stomach cancer. Considering the impact such a procedure may have, very little is known about what factors influence an individual's postsurgical quality of life (QL).Method:This article reviews current literature and examines three unique case studies. Semi-structured interviews were analyzed using content analysis, a qualitative analytic approach for reporting combined subject responses.Results:Participants included one 37-year-old man with multiple polyps in his stomach and a family history of stomach cancer, one 18 year-old man with a confirmed CDH1 mutation and a family history of stomach cancer, and one 33-year-old man with confirmed metastatic gastric adenocarcinoma. Subjective patient experience was categorized into: (1) making the decision, (2) treatment impact, and (3) life after TG. Prior to surgery, all patients carefully evaluated their perceived risk compared to the treatment consequences and indicated that a certain event triggered their decision. The largest treatment impacts were learning to eat again and adjusting to the physical changes. Each patient endorsed that their experience made them appreciate and make the most of life.Significance of results:This currently represents the only study to investigate the lived experience of TG for prophylaxis or palliation in individuals with and without genetic risk for stomach cancer. Understanding this process will allow all members of the cancer care team, and the patients themselves, to better understand the factors involved in decision making and postoperative adjustment. Fruitful avenues for future research are discussed.

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