Environmental standards, trade and innovation: evidence from a natural experiment

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 414-446
Author(s):  
Pavel Chakraborty
Keyword(s):  
Firm Size ◽  
Small Firms ◽  
Natural Experiment ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Environmental Standards ◽  
Technical Regulation ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Level Data

AbstractExploiting a natural experiment involving the imposition of a technical regulation by Germany on Indian leather and textile industries in 1994, a firm-level data set is used to study the trade, adaptation and discontinuity effects and how they vary by firm size. It is found that: (a) regulation significantly increases the export revenues of a firm through use of new technology and high-quality imported raw materials – indicating a possible signalling effect; (b) this gain is concentrated only on the upper half of the firm size distribution, i.e., in the 3rd and 4th quartiles; (c) use of imported raw materials significantly explains low exit probabilities of a firm; and (d) there is evidence of a sorting effect – regulation significantly affecting the operation of small firms.

Using the eurostat-OECD definition of high-growth firms: a cautionary note

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sven-Olov Daunfeldt ◽  
Dan Johansson ◽  
Daniel Halvarsson
Keyword(s):  
Small Firms ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Growth Firms ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose – High-growth firms (HGFs) have attracted an increasing amount of attention from researchers and policymakers, and the Eurostat-Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) definition of HGFs has become increasingly popular. The paper aims to discuss this issue. Design/methodology/approach – The authors use a longitudinal firm-level data set to analyze the implications of using the Eurostat-OECD definition. Findings – The results indicate that this definition excluded almost 95 percent of surviving firms in Sweden, and about 40 percent of new private jobs during 2005-2008. Research limitations/implications – The proportion of small firms and their growth patterns differ across countries, and the authors therefore advise caution in using this definition in future studies. Practical implications – Policy based on the Eurostat-OECD definition of HGFs might be misleading or even counterproductive. Originality/value – No previous studies have analyzed the implications of using the Eurostat-OECD definition of HGFs.

Chinese Power and the State-Owned Enterprise

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Randall W. Stone ◽  
Yu Wang ◽  
Shu Yu
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Small Firms ◽  
Political Influence ◽  
Outward Fdi ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Un General Assembly ◽  
Diversified Firms

Abstract China has become a leading source of outward foreign direct investment (FDI), and the Chinese state exercises a unique degree of influence over its firms. We explore the patterns of political influence over FDI using a comprehensive firm-level data set on Chinese outward FDI from 2000 to 2013. Using six country-level measures of affinity for China, we find that state-owned and globally diversified firms appear to conform most closely to official guidance. Official investment directives and state visits link investments to state policies; Taiwan recognition and Dalai Lama meetings anchor our political interpretations; and UN General Assembly voting and temporary UN Security Council membership suggest that this intervention may be systematic. The results are robust to country, year, and sector fixed effects, and most do not hold for private or small firms. The results suggest that China uses FDI by prominent state-owned enterprises as an instrument to promote its foreign policy.

The Optimal Diversification Strategy in Pharmaceutical Industry: Balance-centred or Hetero-centred?

2021 ◽  
pp. 097172182110056
Author(s):  
Keungoui Kim ◽  
Junseok Hwang ◽  
Sungdo Jung ◽  
Eungdo Kim
Keyword(s):  
Business Performance ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Product Diversification ◽  
Diversification Strategy ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Pharmaceutical Firms ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Market Product ◽  
High Uncertainty

Due to high uncertainty of product development and business environment, firm-level diversification has been regarded as one of the most effective methods in pharmaceutical firms. In previous study, firm-level diversification was discussed by different value chains of market, product, and technology. However, in most cases, the diversification itself was adopted in a simple manner although its property contains different aspects and the results varies depending on the diversity property of selected index. In addition, the existing approach for measuring firm’s product/market diversification using sales information distinguished by standard industry classification cannot provide direct implication as different strategies are made for market and product diversification. Therefore, this study examines the effects of firm-level diversification on business and innovation performances in pharmaceutical firms by considering (1) three diversification types: market, product, and technology, (2) clear separation between market and product diversification, and (3) two diversification perspectives: balance-centred and hetero-centred. For empirical analysis, an integrated firm-level data set combining from Medtrack, Orange Book, Compustat and Total Patent database is used. From the result, in case of market diversification, less market heterogeneity causes significant influence on business performance. For product and technology, a concentrated and greater heterogeneity of product diversification are turned out to promote business performance, while the more intensive and heterogeneous technology diversification has been shown to improve innovation performance.

Evaluation criteria versus firm characteristics as determinants of public R&D funding

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Thomas Falk ◽  
Roger Svensson
Keyword(s):  
Firm Size ◽  
Small Firms ◽  
Evaluation Criteria ◽  
Knowledge Gain ◽  
Firm Characteristics ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Acceptance Probability ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Evaluation Scores ◽  
To Receive

Abstract This study provides new empirical evidence regarding the relevance of evaluation criteria and firm characteristics for public R&D funding decisions. The database used contains both accepted and rejected R&D project proposals, project evaluation scores, and several firm characteristics. The probit estimations show that proposals with high scores on innovative content, spillover, and knowledge gain are significantly more likely to be approved and that most firm-level characteristics are not significant, except for firm size. For example, good or very good assessments of innovative content raise the acceptance probability by between 18 and 37 percentage points, respectively. Small firms are more likely to receive a grant.

scholarly journals Returns to compensation in trucking: Does safety pay?

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 262-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael R Faulkiner ◽  
Michael H Belzer
Keyword(s):  
Net Present Value ◽  
Retention Rates ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Motor Carrier ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Motor Carrier Industry ◽  
The Us ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Trucking Companies

Large truck crashes remain a significant problem in the truckload sector of the US motor carrier industry. Employing a unique firm-level data set from a large US truckload motor carrier, we identified two different driver groups hired during two distinct pay regimes. Before-and-after data on wages and safety outcomes created a natural experiment. Higher wages paid to experienced drivers in the new pay regime led to higher driver retention rates. Experienced drivers had lower average crash costs and were more productive during each tenure month. Experienced drivers had a much larger expected discounted net present value when compared with inexperienced drivers. As the previously inexperienced drivers gained additional experience, their crash probabilities and their value began to mirror those of the experienced drivers, demonstrating the value of greater tenure. This research supports ‘safe rates’ public policy because safety pays – for trucking companies, for cargo owners and for society. JEL Codes: J24, J28, J33

scholarly journals Political Risk Insurance: A New Firm-level Data Set

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 987-1006
Author(s):  
Vincent Arel-Bundock ◽  
Clint Peinhardt ◽  
Amy Pond
Keyword(s):  
Political Risk ◽  
Private Investment ◽  
Foreign Firms ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Insurance Contracts ◽  
Indirect Measures ◽  
Level Data ◽  
New Firm ◽  
Risk Insurance

When do governments impose costs on foreign firms? Many studies of foreign direct investment focus on incentives for government expropriation, but scholars are often forced to rely on indirect measures of expropriation to conduct empirical analyses. This article introduces a data set which includes information on over 5,000 political risk insurance contracts issued by the US Overseas Private Investment Corporation since 1961, and on all the claims filed by investors under these contracts. These detailed insurance data allow us to study the determinants of foreign investors’ losses from a variety of sources, including expropriation, inconvertibility, and violent conflict. To illustrate the benefits of these data for hypothesis testing, we adopt a comprehensive empirical approach and explore both shared and distinct causes across risk categories.

scholarly journals A microanalysis of trade finance: German bank entry and coffee exports in Brazil, 1880–1913

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 356-389
Author(s):  
Wilfried Kisling
Keyword(s):  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Credit Constraints ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Trade Finance ◽  
German Bank ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Economic Studies ◽  
Bank Entry

Abstract The trade-finance nexus has enjoyed increasing interest in recent economic studies, but empirical evidence is scarce and studies from a historical perspective seem missing. This study analyses the effect of German bank entry on Brazilian coffee exports between 1880 and 1913 using firm-level data. I create an original data set on the yearly quantities of exported coffee and the credit received from the German Brasilianische Bank für Deutschland by export houses in Brazil. Using a difference-in-difference approach, I find that Brasilianische eased previously existing credit constraints, and that companies financed by Brasilianische exported significantly more than those that were not.

scholarly journals Family Commitments and Career Success: Earnings of Male and Female Managers

2005 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathy Cannings
Keyword(s):  
Division Of Labor ◽  
Middle Managers ◽  
Organizational Factors ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Household Division Of Labor ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Behavioral Variables ◽  
Dual Commitment ◽  
The Impact

The dual-career family, with its attendant pressures for dual commitment to the home and to the career, has become an increasingly important phenomenon in recent decades. This paper uses a firm-level data set to examine the impact of family commitments as well as cognitive, behavioral, and organizational factors on the earnings of 519 married middle managers in a large Canadian corporation. Alongside a number of behavioral variables as well as the functional division of managerial labor in the company, division of labor in the employee's household has a significant impact on managerial earnings. The inclusion of a variable reflecting the household division of labor in the managerial earnings function helps to explain a substantial proportion of the earnings disadvantage of women in this company that might otherwise simply be attributed to gender.

scholarly journals Measuring the Productivity of the Foods and Beverages Industries in Indonesia: What Factors Matter?

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 132
Author(s):  
Mohammad Zeqi Yasin
Keyword(s):  
Absorptive Capacity ◽  
Firm Size ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Market Concentration ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Fixed Effects Model ◽  
Component Level ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Tfp Growth

The foods and beverages industries have shown the largest share of output in the manufacturing sector of Indonesia for more than a decade. This study aims to investigate its performance indicators through the  growth of total factor productivity (TFP) and its determinants, such as imported raw materials, exports, absorptive capacity, firm size, market concentration, and capital ownership. This study employed firm-level panel data from 2008–2015 and the Growth Accounting method of Solow residual in addition to the fixed effects model to estimate TFP growth and its determinants. The results show that the foods and beverages industries in Indonesia showed positive TFP growth from 2008–2015. Moreover, variables of absorptive capacity, firm size, and market concentration promote the TFP growth of firms. Meanwhile, import intensity discourages TFP growth. However, within a certain threshold, firms with import activities perform better than non-importer firms. However, imports and exports may entail transfer of technology and knowledge and will be the bridge between the firms and the advanced market. This study recommends that policy makers increase the managerial capabilities of firms through a more massive training program as well as provide incentives to workers in the form of rewards or relief of income tax, while also improve product competitiveness through more intensive programs on the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) and the Domestic Component Level (TKDN).

Lights Off, Lights On: The Effects of Electricity Shortages on Small Firms

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morgan Hardy ◽  
Jamie McCasland
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Firm Size ◽  
Null Hypothesis ◽  
Small Firms ◽  
Measurable Effect ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Differential Effects

Abstract Entrepreneurs in developing countries report that unreliable electricity imposes a serious constraint, yet little evidence exists on how blackouts impact the micro-firms that account for the majority of employment. This article estimates the effects of outages on small firms using original firm-level panel data and finds evidence of differential effects by firm size. Firms without employees experience large reductions in revenues and profits. Outages have no measurable effect on the output of firms with employees, where worker hours increase, weekly wages paid decrease, and the analysis fails to reject the null hypothesis that blackouts have no effect on (average firm-level) worker hourly wages.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document