Oestrous synchronization under range conditions in dairy goats treated with different PGF2α doses during the transitional period in Greece

2002 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-294
Author(s):  
A. G. Lymberopoulos ◽  
C. M. Boscos ◽  
S. Dellis ◽  
A. Papia ◽  
S. Belibasaki
Keyword(s):  
Farming System ◽  
Transitional Period ◽  
Ovarian Activity ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Prostaglandin F2a ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Conception Rates ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Equine Chorionic Gonadotropin

AbstractEfficacy of oestrous synchronization and post-treatment fertility was studied in a herd of 149 dairy goats (Swiss breed no. = 104, indigenous Greek breed no. = 45) kept under an extensive farming system. All does were synchronized during the transitional period (during July prior to the breeding season) using fluorogestone acetate (FGA) impregnated intra-vaginal sponges, equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) and different prostaglandin F2a (PGF2α) analogues. Four doses of prostaglandin F2a (group 1: 4·5 mg luprostiol; group 2: 2·25 mg luprostiol; group 3: 0·2 mg cloprostenol; group 4: 0·1 mg cloprostenol) were administered i. m. 48 h prior to the end of progestagen treatment and 400 IU eCG was administered at sponge removal. All does were inseminated with fresh semen (300 ✕ 106 spermatozoa per insemination) 42 to 44 h after sponge removal. There were no significant differences (P > 0·05) in the number of goats showing ovarian activity (blood progesterone concentration ³ 1 ng/ml) prior to oestrous synchronization between PGF2α treatment groups. No significant differences (P > 0·05) were observed for the kidding rates between the treatment groups. Our results indicate that goats with ovarian activity prior to sponge application who received high doses of PGF2α showed lower conception rates than those detected in anoestrus (P 0·05). No differences (P 0·05) were observed in conception rates between groups that received lower doses of PGF2α. July is considered to be a transitional period suitable for oestrous synchronization for both Swiss and indigenous dairy goats. Natural mating during the two subsequent cycles after artificial insemination improved kidding rate, but without any significant difference either between treated groups or between Swiss and indigenous breeds.

Evaluation of intrauterine insemination of sheep with frozen semen: effects of time of insemination and semen dose on conception rates

1991 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. F. Findlater ◽  
W. Haresign ◽  
R. M. Curnock ◽  
N. F. G. Beck
Keyword(s):  
Intrauterine Insemination ◽  
Field Application ◽  
Conception Rate ◽  
Laparoscopic Technique ◽  
Motile Sperm ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Frozen Semen ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Conception Rates ◽  
Serum Gonadotropin

ABSTRACTThe field application of a laparoscopic technique to permit intra-uterine insemination of ewes with frozen-thawed semen was examined in two trials, conducted over successive years, to (i) determine the optimum time of insemination relative to sponge removal/pregnant mares's serum gonadotropin (PMSG) injection and (ii) establish the relationship between semen dose and conception rate. Pooled semen was used in both trials, and each involved > 900 ewes in a number of commercial flocks.Maximum conception rates were achieved when insemination was conducted between 54 h and 60 h after sponge removal/ PMSG injection. However, there was no significant difference in conception rate when motile sperm numbers were reduced from 52·2 × 106to 13·0 × 106 motile sperm per uterine horn.The overall conception rates (pooled over flocks and treatment groups) were 56% and 58% for the two trials, with a wide degree of variation between flocks in both cases (45% to 79% for trial 1 and 45% to 69% for trial 2). However, there was evidence for consistent differences in conception rates between the six flocks involved in both years of the trials.

Timing of melatonin treatment: differential effects on oestrus and coat growth in goats

1997 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. A. Forsyth ◽  
F. E. Gebbie ◽  
J. Arendt
Keyword(s):  
Goat Milk ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Ovarian Activity ◽  
Plasma Prolactin ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

AbstractTo avoid winter scarcity of fresh goat milk, simple methods of advancing the season of kidding would be commercially valuable. A combination of long-day light treatment followed by melatonin is successful but other aspects of seasonality including coat growth are also reset. To investigate whether effects on breeding season and coat growth can be dissociated, British Saanen dairy goats (no. = 30) were randomly allocated to one of six groups. Control goats were untreated. Goats in the other five groups received 2 months of treatment with 20 h light: 4 h darkness (20L: 4D) and were then given 3 mg melatonin orally at 16.00 hfor 2 months. The treatments started on 11 January (group 1), 29 March (group 2), 14 June (group 3), 30 August (group 4) and 8 November (group 5). Weekly blood samples were taken for the measurement of progesterone to monitor ovarian activity and prolactin. Side patches (10 cm ×10 cm) were clipped monthly from alternate sides and weighed to measure coat growth. The onset of ovarian activity was advanced from a median date of 15 November in controls to 24 May in group 1 (P < 0·01), 16 August in group 2 (P < 0·05) and 18 October in group 3 (? < 0·05). Groups 4 and 5 showed no significant change in the onset of oestrus (median onset dates 8 November and 1 November, respectively). Group 1 goats came into season again with controls in November. In all except group 5, treatment interacted with time to affect significantly the growth of the coat. The pattern of coat growth was most altered (P < 0·001) in groups 1 and 2. This was associated with effects on plasma prolactin concentrations of light stimulation and melatonin suppression. Group 1 goats resynchronized with control goats to show a coat of normal weight in the winter following treatment. Division of milking goat herds into spring and autumn kidding groups is, therefore, a practical possibility, but effects on overall milk yield require study.

scholarly journals Thromboelastometric evaluation of horses submitted to experimental thrombosis and jugular thrombectomy

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (8) ◽  
pp. 677-686 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dietrich Pizzigatti ◽  
Daniele S. Gonçalves ◽  
Thays C. Trentin ◽  
Regina K. Takahira ◽  
Ana L.G. Alves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Alpha Angle ◽  
Fogarty Catheter ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Α Angle

Abstract: Jugular thrombosis in horses occurs commonly in iatrogenic situations, secondary to endotoxemic clinical condition and disseminated vascular coagulation, potentially leading to death. Thus, hemostatic evaluation becomes necessary and extremely important for monitoring the risks of systemic hypercoagulability and for the efficiency of allopathic and surgical treatment. This paper describes the hemostatic behavior in experimental jugular thrombosis of ten healthy equines, subsequently submitted to two thrombectomy techniques and receiving heparin sodium as anti-rethrombosis therapy. These animals were evaluated for 20 days by thromboelastometry (TEM), platelet count, hematocrit and fibrinogen, at four moments: pre-induction to phlebitis (D0-MPF); three days after thrombophlebitis induction (D3-MFM); 6 days after, - moment of thrombophlebitis - (D9-MT); and 54 (D16) and 126 (D19) hours after thrombectomies (PTM). Thrombectomy was performed via a Vollmar Ring (group 1, n=5) and Fogarty catheter (group 2, n=5). All the animals received heparin (150 UI/kg, SC) every 12 hours, for ten days after the respective thrombectomies. Through the blood samples were evaluated TEM, activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) and prothrombin time (PT), dosing of fibrinogen, hematocrit and platelet count at the abovementioned moments. For comparison between groups and moments the t test was applied at 5% significance level. No significant difference was verified between treatment groups at any of the moments. There were reductions in clotting time (CT) and clot formation time (CFT), with increase in maximum lysis (ML) until the moment D9-MT. Evaluation through INTEM® reagent presented prolongations of CT and CFT with reduction of α angle and ML starting from D16 and D19. Similarly, aPTT presented significant differences between moments pre- (D0, 3 and 9) and post- (D16 and 19) anticoagulant and surgical treatment. The platelet numbers were diminished at moments D16 and D19. In evaluation with EXTEM® reagent, prolongation of CT and CFT occurred only between the moments D0 vs. D3 and vs. D9. O PT did not present significant differences. The results obtained demonstrate that experimental jugular thrombophlebitis leads to local clinical alterations, with impairment of tissue and of the extrinsic coagulation pathway (EXTEM® ), but without evidence of systemic hypercoagulability status, since there was no increase of the alpha angle or maximum clot firmness (MCF). Furthermore, TEM was shown useful and more sensitive than conventional coagulation tests (PT, aPTT and fibrinogen) for the monitoring of anticoagulant therapy, as demonstrated in other works.

Reproductive performance of Shorthorn and Brahman crossbred cows in the dry tropics of north Queensland

1979 ◽  
Vol 19 (98) ◽  
pp. 276 ◽  
Author(s):  
RG Holroyd ◽  
PK O'Rourke ◽  
PJ Allan
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Ovarian Activity ◽  
Gestation Length ◽  
Variable Effect ◽  
Crossbred Cows ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Dry Tropics ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Conception Rates

A study was made (1 970 to 1973) of the reproductive performance of Shorthorn and Brahman crossbred cows grazing pasture in the dry tropics of north Queensland. Breed had a variable effect on the conception rates of lactating cows, with Brahman crossbreds having significantly higher (P < 0.05) conception rates in the first year. The two breeds had similar conception rates in the following year. In the third year, overall conception rates of both breeds were reduced due to a prolonged dry season, with Shorthorn cows having significantly higher (P < 0.01) conception rates than Brahman cows. However, during this dry period, twice as many Shorthorn cows required survival feeding as did Brahman cows. Calving rates followed conception rates closely, prenatal loss in each breed being low. In all years, Shorthorns had significantly earlier (P < 0.05) calving dates than Brahmans. The interval from calving to first recorded ovarian activity was significantly longer (P < 0.05) in Brahman cross than in Shorthorn cows in only one of the three years. There was no significant difference between breeds for the interval from first recorded ovarian activity to conception, but this interval decreased with increasing age of the cow. Breed had a variable effect on gestation length. Brahman cows were generally heavier each year in April and in better condition throughout the experimental period than Shorthorn cows.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Biofilm Removal Efficacy by Multisonic Ultracleaning System and Passive Ultrasonic Activation

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 3492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hae Won Choi ◽  
Seong Yeon Park ◽  
Mo Kwan Kang ◽  
Won Jun Shon
Keyword(s):  
Negative Control ◽  
Ultrasonic Activation ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Mandibular Molars ◽  
Maxillary Molars ◽  
Biofilm Removal ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2

The purpose of this study was to compare disinfection and the biofilm removal efficacy of the GentleWave System (Sonendo, Inc., Laguna Hills, CA, USA) with passive ultrasonic activation method. Forty-seven freshly extracted human molars were inoculated with Enterococcus faecalis and cultured for five weeks to establish biofilm. Eight molars were tested for confirmation of infection. Four of the eight teeth were not inoculated in order to provide a negative control. The remaining 39 inoculated molars were randomly separated into three treatment groups (n = 13 per group): Group 1—no treatment, Group 2—conventional rotary instrumentation and passive ultrasonic activation, and Group 3—minimal instrumentation and the GentleWave System treatment. Roots were subsequently prepared per standard histological tissue processing procedures. Modified Brown and Brenn stained sections and Hematoxylin and Eosin stained sections were visualized at 4× and 13.5× magnification using a stereomicroscope. The sections were scored and blindly analyzed by two independent evaluators, including a histopathologist, to evaluate the presence of biofilm on canal wall. A significant difference was found between Group 2 and Group 3 in both apical and middle regions (p = 0.001) of the mesial roots of mandibular molars and mesiobuccal roots of maxillary molars. Group 3 revealed significantly less biofilm than the controls (p = 0.003). The GentleWave System demonstrated significantly greater reduction in biofilm within the mesial roots of mandibular molars and mesiobuccal roots of maxillary molars than those treated with conventional rotary instrumentation and passive ultrasonic activation protocol.

scholarly journals Comparison of the Effectiveness of Tomato (Lycopersicum commune) and Red Melon (Cucumis melo L.) Juice in Increasing Vaginal Wall Thickness of Menopausal Rats Model

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 159
Author(s):  
Yhenti Widjayanti ◽  
Arief Widya Prasetya
Keyword(s):  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Vaginal Wall ◽  
Menopausal Symptoms ◽  
Tomato Juice ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ovarian Activity ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Vegetables And Fruits ◽  
Vaginal Wall Thickness

Menopausal period is the period of permanent cessation of menstruation due to reduced or lost ovarian activity. One of the effects of decline estrogen levels during menopause is atropic vulvovaginitis. Consumption of phytoestrogens can reduce menopausal symptoms. Phytoestrogen is found in vegetables and fruits such as tomatoes and red melon. The objective of this study was to compare the effectiveness of red melon juice and tomato on the increase of vaginal wall thickness in menopausal rats. This study revealed an alternative of phytoestrogen sources that is more effective to reduce menopausal symptoms, especially those related to vaginal atrophy to improve the quality of life of menopausal women. Subjects of this study were 27 ovariectomized Wistar strain Rattus norvegicus which were s divided into 3 groups randomly, one control group and two treatment groups with tomato juice and red melon juice at a dose of 330 mg/kgBW/day administered for 28 days. The variable of this study were the thickness of the vaginal wall which was precipitated by Hematoxiline Eosine. The highest vaginal wall thickness was found in the treatment group of red melon juice of 879.89 ± 70.52 µm and the lowest of the control group (K) of 643.3 ± 58.33 µm. The results of Anova test showed that there was a significant difference between control group and treatment groups, the tomato juice and red melon juice with a dose of 330 mg/kgBW/day, so it can be concluded that red melon juice with a dose of 330mg/Kg BW/day has the best effect in increasing the thickness of vaginal wall of menopausal rats as compared with tomato juice.

scholarly journals Ovarian inactivity in female dromedary camels

2021 ◽  
pp. 171
Author(s):  
Nabil Mansour ◽  
Aly Karen
Keyword(s):  
Chorionic Gonadotropin ◽  
Intramuscular Injection ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Ovarian Activity ◽  
Blood Concentrations ◽  
Single Intramuscular Injection ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Equine Chorionic Gonadotropin ◽  
Group 1

The present study describes a clinical trial aimed at understanding the causes of ovarian inactivity among female dromedary racing camels in the United Arab Emirates. A total of 1406 female racing camels were presented to the Aljazeera Veterinary Center during a 19-month period from September 2014 to April 2016 because of repeat breeding (as identified by camel owners). Females underwent ultrasonographic examination of the reproductive tract, as well as a manual vaginal examination. Any observed reproductive tract abnormalities were record. A percentage of 23.8 of females possessed no detectable reproductive tract abnormalities (and thus were diagnosed as typical repeat breeders). Of the remaining 76.2% of females, 59% had utero-tubal abnormalities and 41% had ovarian afflictions. The incidences of ovarian and utero-tubal affections in nulliparous and parous infertile females were 66.7 % versus 33.3 % (P<0.05) and 32.2% versus 67.8% (P<0.05), respectively. Most of the ovarian affections were due to ovarian inactivity or ovario-hydrobursitis. The incidence of ovarian inactivity and ovarian hydro-bursitis in nulliparous and parous females were 57.6% versus 13.2% (P<0.05) and 5.8% versus 18.1% (P<0.05), respectively. A subset of animals lacking ovarian activity (n=81) and cyclic control females (n=24) underwent blood sample collection. Samples were analyzed for concentrations of red blood cells, hemoglobin, total protein, copper, glucose, calcium, iron, and phosphorus. Blood concentrations of glucose were higher and blood concentrations of copper were lower in females with inactive ovaries compared with cyclic females. After exclusion of animals with poor general health, the remaining females that did not have ovarian activity (n=234) were divided into one of three treatment groups: Group 1 (n=71) received a single treatment of subcutaneous copper and intramuscular multivitamins, plus daily intravenous infusion of phosphorous for 5 days and oral minerals and vitamins daily for 7 days; Group 2 (n=104) received a single intramuscular injection of 1500 IU of equine chorionic gonadotropin; Group 3 (n=64) were treated identically to group 1 females with the exception of receiving a single intramuscular injection of 1500 IU of equine chorionic gonadotropin at the end of the 7-day treatment period; A number of 20 females was a subset of Group 3 females who failed to respond to treatment – they were treated for 10 days with an intravaginal device containing progesterone followed by a single intramuscular injection of 1500 IU of equine chorionic gonadotropin given at intravaginal device removal. Group 3 females exhibited a higher ovarian response to treatment than either Group 2 or Group 1 females which were different from one another. Conception rate was lower in Group 2 females than in Group 1 and group 3 females which were not different. Embryonic mortality was higher in Group 2 than in Group 1 and 3 females which were not different.

scholarly journals Comparison of Single, Fixed-Time Artificial Insemination in Gilts Using Two Different Protocols to Synchronize Ovulation

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lima Rodrigues ◽  
Rocio Amezcua ◽  
Glen Cassar ◽  
Terri L O’Sullivan ◽  
Robert Friendship
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Fixed Time ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone Agonist ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Equine Chorionic Gonadotropin ◽  
Triptorelin Acetate ◽  
Timing Of Estrus ◽  
Group 1

In order to efficiently have a consistent supply of service-ready gilts available to incorporate into each batch of breeding sows, it is necessary to manipulate the timing of estrus and possibly the timing of ovulation of gilts. Estrus can be synchronized by the withdrawal of altrenogest after at least 14 days of treatment. It is possible that protocols developed to induce ovulation, and therefore allow fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI), can improve the predictability of gilt breeding. This study investigated the effect of two FTAI protocols in gilts on reproductive performance and timing of farrowing and piglet weaning weight compared to gilts bred based on signs of estrus after cessation of altrenogest. Puberty was induced in gilts, followed by treatment with altrenogest. Following altrenogest withdrawal, 180 gilts were assigned to one of three treatment groups. Group 1 gilts (LUT, n = 62) were treated with 600 IU equine chorionic gonadotropin 24 h after altrenogest withdrawal and 5 mg porcine luteinizing hormone (pLH) 80 h later, followed by a single FTAI 36 h after pLH. Group 2 gilts (TRI, n= 61) received 2 mL of a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist, triptorelin acetate, intravaginally 6 d after altrenogest withdrawal and were bred by a single FTAI 24 h later. Group 3 gilts (CON, n = 57) were observed for estrus and bred twice by AI, 24 h apart. LUT and TRI gilts farrowed closer together (2.4 ± 1.6 and 2.9 ± 1.2 d(days), respectively) compared to CON gilts (4.5 ± 3.3 d). Piglets in LUT were 80 g (p < 0.001) heavier and piglets in TRI were 64 g (p < 0.05) heavier at weaning than CON piglets, when controlling for birth weight. Results indicate that FTAI might be useful as a means of minimizing the time from the first to the last gilt farrowing in a breeding batch of gilts. However, modifications of the protocols may be required to ensure optimum farrowing rates and litter size.

scholarly journals Microleakage difference between total-etch and self-etch bonding in bulk fill packable composite restoration after carbonic acid immersion

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 192
Author(s):  
Widya Saraswati ◽  
Dian Pramita Ayu Kumalasari ◽  
Adioro Soetojo
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Carbonic Acid ◽  
Laboratory Research ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Posterior Teeth ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Self Etch

Background: Bulk fill packable composite that can be applied to a depth of 4mm in cavities is widely used in posterior teeth restoration. Unfortunately, this composite is subject to potential microleakage which occurs due to erosion resulting from the consumption of carbonated drinks containing carbonic acid. Nevertheless, microleakage can be reduced by bonding applications the etch technique of which is divided into two forms; self-etch bonding and total-etch bonding. Purpose: This study aims to determine the difference in microleakage between total-etch and self-etch bonding in bulk fill packable composite following carbonic acid immersion. Methods: This study constitutes experimental laboratory research utilizing 28 incisors bovine teeth which were cleaned, immersed in 0.01% NaCl, and randomly divided into four groups. The cervical area of the teeth of all groups were prepared through the creation of cylindrical shapes 2mm in diameter and 3 mm deep. Groups I and III used total-etch bonding, while groups II and IV used self-etch bonding. Groups III and IV were control groups, whereas groups I and II were treatment groups (immersed in carbonic acid) for 24 hours. Thermocycling was carried out in all groups which were subsequently immersed in 1% methylene blue for 24 hours after which the teeth were cut in a buccolingual direction using a diamond disc wheel. Microleakage was subsequently evaluated by calculating the amount of methylene blue passing between the restoration wall and cavity using a Stereomicroscope and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The data was then analyzed using Kruskal Wallis and Mann Whitney U tests. Results: There was a significant difference between the control groups and treatment groups (p<0.05). The microleakage in Group 2 was higher than that of other groups. Conclusion: The microleakage of total-etch bonding was lower than self-etch bonding in bulk fill packable composite after carbonic acid immersion.

scholarly journals Profil Darah Pada Kucing Selama Proses Kesembuhan Luka Melalui Teknik Skin Flaps Rotasi Yang Dirawat Dengan Dry Dressing Dan Moist Dressing

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Erwin Erwin ◽  
Rusli Rusli ◽  
Fidella Diva Jones
Keyword(s):  
Skin Flap ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Wound Healing Process ◽  
Skin Flaps ◽  
Blood Profile ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Method Group

The skin flap is one of the techniques employed to reconstruct defects and close wounds. This study aims to observe the blood profile in cats during the healing process of rotation skin flaps that were treated with a dry and moist dressing. This study used six male cats within the age of 1-2 years old and weighed among 2-4 kg, divided into two treatment groups. All of the specimens were treated with the following procedure; the fur on the abdominal area was shaved and disinfectant was applied to the area between the os sacrum and os femur, lastly, 2 cm2 triangle wound was deliberately made on the area. The treatment of the wound was done by the rotation skin flaps method. Group 1 was treated with sterile bandage and group 2 was treated with sofratulle®. Blood samples were taken from the cephalica antebrachii vein on the 1st, 3rd, 6th, and 12th days. The erythrocytes, hemoglobin, hematocrit, platelets, leukocytes, neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes were counted by hematology analyzer. The results showed that there is a significant difference (P<0.05) in the increase of neutrophil levels between the group treated with sterile kassa (P-1) and the group treated with sofratulle® (P-2). The number of the cats’ red blood cells rose on the 3rd day and rose again on the 12th day after the treatment with a significant difference (P<0.05) during the observation. In conclusion, the rotation flaps treatment method with dry dressing and moist dressing in the wound healing process affected the cats’ blood profile and the moist dressing was preferred to the dry dressing. 

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