Net energy efficiencies of Holstein, Jersey and Holstein-Jersey F1-crosses

2001 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 335-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Schwager-Suter ◽  
C. Stricker ◽  
D. Erdin ◽  
N. Künzi
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Repeated Measurements ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Body Tissue ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Tissue Change

Abstract Net energy efficiencies were calculated from data of an experimental herd with respect to type of cow, lactation number, stage of lactation and diet. The trial consisted of 71 Holstein-Friesians, 71 Jerseys and 71 Holstein-Jersey F1-crosses in 1st, 2nd and > 2nd lactation. Data were collected during 210 days of lactation, from calving to week 30 and included total dry matter intake, energy content of foods, milk yield, milk solids, body weight, body condition scores and several body measurements. The cows were divided into four feeding groups : high and low energy content of roughage as well as high and low proportion of concentrates. Net energy efficiency was calculated as the ratio of milk energy to total net energy intake after subtracting energy utilized for maintenance and body tissue change. Body tissue change was calculated either via body-weight changes or body condition-score changes. Due to the distribution of the efficiencies being skewed, efficiencies were transformed applying a Box-Cox transformation. Transformed net energy efficiencies were analysed using a repeated measurements design considering the sequential nature of the observations. Mixed models with a compound symmetry structure for the variance components were applied. Final models contained the fixed effects of type, lactation number, feeding group and the covariates week of lactation and its square. Holstein-Jersey crosses were more efficient than purebreds, second lactation cows were least efficient, cows given low energy roughage and a lower proportion of concentrates were more efficient than cows on the other diets. Least efficient were the cows belonging to the high energy roughage and higher proportion of concentrates group. The coefficients of determination of the final models were between 0·357 and 0·492.

Quantification of changes in body weight and body condition scores during lactation by modelling individual energy balance and total net energy intake

2001 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 325-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Schwager-Suter ◽  
C. Stricker ◽  
D. Erdin ◽  
N. Künzi
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Net Energy Intake ◽  
Gut Fill ◽  
Body Condition Scores

AbstractIndividual energy balances (EB) and total net energy intake (NEI) were modelled to quantify the energy content of the explanatory variables body-weight change corrected for gut fill (BWC) and body condition-score change (BCSC). A total of 6147 records from 213 lactating dairy cows, 71 Holstein-Friesians, 71 Jerseys and 71 HolsteinJersey F1-crosses was analysed (1st, 2nd and >2nd lactation). Data were collected during 210 days of lactation, from calving to week 30. Individual EB were calculated as total energy for lactation (MJ NEL) minus estimated energy necessary for maintenance and production. Body-weight changes were calculated as differences between weekly means of body weight corrected for gut fill (BWCw) as well as from polynomial regression (BWCp). BCSC were differences between assessed body condition scores. The study included analyses of 1- and of 4-week periods for BWCw and BWCp, of differences between measuring periods for BCSC as well as separate analyses of data from cows in either negative or positive energy balance.Analysis of repeated measurements were performed applying mixed model theory. Models for EB contained type of dairy cow, lactation and type of roughage as fixed effects, week of lactation and either BWCw, BWCp or BCSC. Models for NEI contained type of dairy cow, lactation and quality of roughage as fixed effects, week of lactation as well as energy corrected milk, metabolic body weight and either BWCw, BWCp or BCSC as covariates.Most plausible energy contents per unit body tissue change were estimated for BWCp from weekly data with either EB (with energy partitioned into milk production and maintenance fixed) or NEI (no restrictions concerning partitioning) as the response variable. The estimated energy contents for BWCp were 15·40 and 10·47 MJ NEL, respectively.

scholarly journals Energy Allocation and Postnatal Growth in Captive Elegant Tern (Sterna Elegans) Chicks: Responses to High-Versus Low-Energy Diets

The Auk ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 120 (4) ◽  
pp. 1069-1081 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wasila M. Dahdul ◽  
Michael H. Horn
Keyword(s):  
Prey Species ◽  
Wing Length ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Intake Rate ◽  
Chick Survival ◽  
Digestive Organs ◽  
Gut Passage

Abstract Effects of variable energy intake on chick growth, organ development, and gut-passage time in seabirds were investigated by raising Elegant Tern (Sterna elegans) chicks in the laboratory on three diets involving a major prey species, northern anchovy (Engraulis mordax), and a minor prey species, topsmelt (Atherinops affinis). Anchovies are ∼25% higher in energy content than topsmelt and represent a more abundant but highly fluctuating prey resource. Chicks were raised from age 15 to age 35 days posthatch on one of three diets (n = 8): (1) high-energy anchovy at the average daily intake rate, (2) low-energy topsmelt at the same intake rate, and (3) high-energy topsmelt (i.e. at a biomass equal in energy content to the anchovy diet). Chicks raised on the high-energy anchovy diet had a significantly faster gain of body mass and wing length. All three groups, however, had attained a statistically similar wing length at 35 days posthatch and did not differ in lean dry mass or pectoral muscle mass, indicating that energy was allocated preferentially toward wing development and flight capacity. Most digestive organs were heavier and gut-passage rates faster for chicks fed topsmelt. Bill dimensions and tarsus length showed little difference among chicks on the three diets. Lipid content of chicks that were fed anchovy was twice that of those fed low-energy topsmelt and one-third higher than that of chicks on the high-energy topsmelt diet. Our results indicate that Elegant Terns have evolved certain capacities for growth and digestion in response to variable prey quality that may increase the probability of chick survival. Nevertheless, if Elegant Tern chicks were switched to a lower quality, primarily topsmelt diet, they would be underweight at fledging with heavier digestive organs, lower lipid reserves, and faster gut-passage times, which would place added provisioning demands on the parents. Under that scenario, the prospects for survival and long-term reproductive success might diminish for such an Elegant Tern colony.

scholarly journals Milk Urea Concentration in Dairy Sheep: Accounting for Dietary Energy Concentration

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valeria Giovanetti ◽  
Filippo Boe ◽  
Mauro Decandia ◽  
Giovanni Cristoforo Bomboi ◽  
Alberto Stanislao Atzori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mean Squared Error ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Urea Concentration ◽  
Energy Concentration ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Dairy Sheep ◽  
Dairy Ewes ◽  
Milk Urea

In dairy sheep milk urea concentration (MUC) is highly and positively correlated with dietary crude protein (CP) content and, to a lesser extent, with protein intake. However, the effect of dietary energy and carbohydrate sources on MUC of lactating ewes is not clear. Thus, the objective of this study was to assess the effects of diets differing in energy concentration and carbohydrate sources on MUC values in lactating dairy ewes. Two experiments were conducted (experiment 1, E1, and experiment 2, E2) on Sarda ewes in mid and late lactation kept in metabolic cages for 23 d. In both experiments, homogeneous groups of five ewes were submitted to four (in E1) or three (in E2) dietary treatments, consisting of pelleted diets ranging from low energy (high-fiber diets: 1.2–1.4 Mcal of net energy for lactation (NEL)) to high energy (high-starch diets: 1.7–1.9 Mcal of NEL) contents, but with a similar CP concentration (18.4% dry matter (DM), on average). Each diet had a different main ingredient as follows: corn flakes, barley meal, beet pulp, or corn cobs in E1 and corn meal, dehydrated alfalfa, or soybean hulls in E2. Regression analysis using treatment means from both experiments showed that the best predictor of MUC (mg/100 mL) was the dietary NEL (Mcal/kg DM, MUC = 127.6 − 51.2 × NEL, R2 = 0.85, root of the mean squared error (rmse) = 4.36, p < 0.001) followed by the ratio CP/NEL (g/Mcal, MUC = −14.9 + 0.5 × CP/ NEL, R2 = 0.83, rmse = 4.63, p < 0.001). A meta-regression of an extended database on stall-fed dairy ewes, including the E1 and E2 experimental data (n = 44), confirmed the predictive value of the CP/ NEL ratio, which resulted as the best single predictor of MUC (MUC = −13.7 + 0.5 × CP/NEL, R2 = 0.93, rmse = 3.30, p < 0.001), followed by dietary CP concentration (MUC = −20.7 + 3.7 × CP, R2 = 0.82, rmse = 4.89, p < 0.001). This research highlights that dietary energy content plays a pivotal role in modulating the relationship between MUC and dietary CP concentration in dairy sheep.

scholarly journals How did Lofgreen and Garrett do the math?

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 1011-1017
Author(s):  
James W Oltjen
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Linear Fit ◽  
Metabolizable Energy Intake ◽  
Logarithmic Equation ◽  
Finishing Beef Cattle

Abstract Lofgreen and Garrett introduced a new system for predicting growing and finishing beef cattle energy requirements and feed values using net energy concepts. Based on data from comparative slaughter experiments they mathematically derived the California Net Energy System. Scaling values to body weight to the ¾ power, they summarized metabolizable energy intake (ME), energy retained (energy balance [EB]), and heat production (HP) data. They regressed the logarithm of HP on ME and extended the line to zero intake, and estimated fasting HP at 0.077 Mcal/kg0.75, similar to previous estimates. They found no significant difference in fasting HP between steers and heifers. Above maintenance, however, a logarithmic fit of EB on ME does not allow for increased EB once ME is greater than 340 kcal/kg0.75, or about three times maintenance intake. So based on their previous work, they used a linear fit so that partial efficiency of gain above maintenance was constant for a given feed. They show that with increasing roughage level efficiency of gain (slope) decreases, consistent with increasing efficiency of gain and maintenance with greater metabolizable energy of the feed. Making the system useful required that gain in body weight be related to EB. They settled on a parabolic equation, with significant differences between steers and heifers. Lofgreen and Garrett also used data from a number of experiments to relate ME and EB to estimate the ME required for maintenance (ME = HP) and then related the amount of feed that provided that amount of ME to the metabolizable energy content of the feed (MEc), resulting in a logarithmic equation. Then they related that amount of feed to the net energy for gain calculated as the slope of the EB line when regressed against feed intake. Combining the two equations, they estimate the net energy for maintenance and gain per unit feed (Mcal/kg dry matter) as a function of MEc: 0.4258 × 1.663MEc and 2.544–5.670 × 0.6012MEc, respectively. Finally, they show how to calculate net energy for maintenance and gain from experiments where two levels of a ration are fed and EB measured, where one level is fed and a metabolism trial is conducted, or when just a metabolism trial is conducted—but results are not consistent between designs.

scholarly journals Effect of high and low energy based concentrate diet supplementation on nutrient intake and body weight changes of buffalo bull calves at Subornochar Upozila of Noakhali district in Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-56
Author(s):  
MA Siddiki ◽  
MR Amin ◽  
AKMA Kabir ◽  
MO Faruque ◽  
ZH Khandaker
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Body Weight Changes ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Concentrate Supplementation ◽  
Bull Calves

This study was designed to investigate the effects of supplementation of high and low energy based concentrate diets (13.77 Vs 12.14 MJ/kg DM metabolizable energy) on the nutrient intake and body weight changes of indigenous growing buffalo bull calves in Bangladesh. The crude protein contents of both the supplemented diets were similar (about 12.50% on DM basis). In this study, a total of fifteen indigenous growing buffalo bull calves (av. Live weight 85.10±0.874 kg) were selected from different villages. It was found that the total dry matter intake was the highest (28.22±0.015 g/kg W0.75/d) in group supplemented with high energy concentrate diet along with farmer’s practices (D1), thereafter, in group supplemented with low energy concentrate diet along with farmer’s practices (D2) (27.79±0.015 g/kg W0.75/d) and the lowest (26.39±0.016 g/kg W0.75/d) in control group (D0) in which the animals were fed only farmers practices diet. Similarly, the crude protein intake was the highest in D1 group (2.86 ±0.029 g/kg W0.75/d), followed by D2 group (2.83±0.010 g/kg W0.75/d) and the lowest in farmer’s practices diet, D0 (2.08b±0.021 g/kg W0.75/d).  However, the final body weight of buffalo bull calves was higher in both groups supplemented with concentrate diets (D1 and D2) compared with control (D0) and differed significantly (p<0.01) while there were no significant differences (p>0.05) found between D1 and D2 where high energy concentrate supplementation group buffalo bull claves, D1 tended to be higher than low energy concentrate supplementation group buffalo bull claves, D2. The highest final (254.6 kg) body weight was recorded in high energy concentrate supplemented diets and the lowest (144.0 kg) was found in control. Additionally, the average final body weight was increased by 153.40 kg (151.58%), 150.40 kg (152.22%) and 45.60 kg (46.34%) in D1, D2 and D0 group buffalo bull calves, respectively. On the other hand, the average final body weight of D1 and D2 was increased by 110.60 kg (76.80%) and 105.20 kg (73.05%), respectively, compared with D0. In addition, the highest (6.46) feed conversion efficiency (FCE) was recorded in D1 followed by D2 (6.64) and the lowest (12.17) was found in D0. The trends of cost benefit ratio was the same like other considering factors, the highest (1:3.60) found in D1 followed by D2 (1:3.51) and the lowest (1:1.97) in D0. Finally, considering all the parameters, it was clearly indicated that supplementation of concentrate diet along with farmers practice is essential for fast growing, higher body weight gain and more benefits by rearing buffalo bull calves at Subornochar Upozila of Noakhali district in Bangladesh. Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2021. 50 (1):50-56

scholarly journals SEXUAL DIMORPHISM IN THE GROWTH PATTERN OF BRIOLERS UNDER DIFFERENT DIETARY AND HOUSING CONDITION

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
E. A. O. Laseinde ◽  
J. A. Oluyemi
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Growth Pattern ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Housing Condition ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Utilization Rate ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Weight Gains

Two hundred and seventy day old broiler chicks were randomly distributed among three dietary treatment (iso-nitrogenous high and low energy straight-run diets and a conventional broiler diet) and two housing condition (the cage and deep litter) to study the comparative growth pattern between the male and female broilers. Each treatment was replicated thrice at 15 birds per replicate. The chicks were raised for 8 weeks. There were significant interactions (p<0.05) between age, diet housing location and sex. The male broiler had significantly (p<0.05) higher body weight gains than the females especially at the finisher phase. While the females performed better on high energy diet at both phases, the males respond to low energy diet at the starter phase and high energy at the finisher, hence a narrow male: female divergence ratio at the finisher phase. Generally, location had no significant effect (p>0.05) on body weight gains (215.0g vs 214.3g/bird/wk – cage vs floor). However, males gained slightly more weight in the cage while female gained slightly more on deep litter. Both recorded higher gains on the floor at the starter phase and in the cage at the finisher period. Coefficient of variation was respectively lower for the male broilers, birds in the cage, birds at the finisher phase and lowest for birds on conventional diet. Feed consumption was significantly higher (p<0.05) for lower energy diet (68.9 vs 65.1g/birds/day) as well as by birds in the cage (69.4 vs 64.5g/birds/day) with correspondingly lower utilization rate.  

scholarly journals Evaluation of a commercial genetic test for fescue toxicosis in pregnant Angus beef cattle1

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Justine M Galliou ◽  
Piush Khanal ◽  
Kyle Mayberry ◽  
Matt H Poore ◽  
Daniel H Poole ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Genetic Test ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Fescue Toxicosis ◽  
Phenotypic Trait

Abstract Most tall fescue [Lolium arundinaceum (Schreb.) Darbysh] in the Southeastern United States contains an endophyte that causes fescue toxicosis (FT) in grazing animals, a serious disease that causes approximately $1 billion in economic losses to the animal industries in the United States. Recently, a genetic test called T-Snip (AgBotanica, LCC, Columbia, MO), was developed with the objective of identifying animals with genetic variation for FT tolerance. The aim of this study was to validate the use of this genetic test in mature, pregnant cows. Over 13 wk, weekly phenotypic data, including body weight, rectal temperatures, hair coat scores, hair shedding scores, and body condition scores, were collected on 148 pregnant purebred Angus cows at 2 locations in NC where infected fescue was the primary source of feed. Birth weights (cBW) and 205-d adjusted weaning weights (adjWW) from these cow’s calves were recorded. All cows were genotyped for T-Snip. At the end of the trial, each phenotypic trait was calculated as the slope of the linear regression of performance on weeks. The effect of T-Snip rating genotypes (4 levels) on slope traits was tested using a linear model also including the fixed-effects of location, parity, and the initial measurement for each trait (covariate). For cBW and adjWW, the model also included the sex of the calf and the month of birth as categorical effects. Associations of T-Snip genotypes were observed for body weight gain (aBWd) of pregnant cows (P = 0.15; interaction with location), change in body condition score (aBCSd; P = 0.13), and adjWW (P = 0.06; interaction with location). For aBWd and adjWW, associations were found just within one location (P = 0.017 and 0.047, respectively), which was the location with higher endophyte infection rate. For all associations, the direction of the T-Snip genotypes was the same and as expected: the greater the genotype score, the better performance. No associations were found for the other traits (P &gt; 0.10). These results indicate that the T-Snip test may be predictive of cow performance (aBWd, aBCSd, and adjWW) in an endophyte-infected tall fescue environment.

87 Beef Heifers Housed in Muddy Environmental Conditions Lose Body Weight and Body Condition but Meet Gestational Requirements for Fetal Growth

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 46-46
Author(s):  
Kirsten Nickles ◽  
Alejandro E Relling ◽  
Alvaro Garcia-Guerra ◽  
Francis L Fluharty ◽  
Anthony J Parker
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Repeated Measurements ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
Climate Projections ◽  
Beef Heifers

Abstract Beef heifers experience an exponential increase in energy requirements during late gestation. Heifers must simultaneously grow a fetus, reach mature body weight, and prepare for their first lactation. In spring calving herds, these energy demands coincide with environmental stressors. Future climate projections for the Midwest predict increased winter rainfall, creating muddy conditions. It is likely that muddy conditions increase heifer energy requirements. The increased energy requirements, if not met, may compromise growth of the heifer and fetus. The objectives of this experiment were to evaluate the effects of muddy conditions on heifer body weight (BW), body condition score (BCS), and calf birth weight. Eighteen Angus heifers (n = 9/treatment) were paired based on initial BW. One heifer from each pair was assigned to either the mud (MUD) or control (CON) treatment. Heifers in the CON treatment were housed in pens with sawdust, and heifers in the MUD treatment were housed in pens with mud (20.3 ± 7.6 cm). Heifers were housed individually, and each pair received the same dietary allowance based on the CON heifer’s BW for maintenance, growth, and gestation. From day 196 to 266 of gestation, heifers were weighed and assigned a BCS weekly. Data were analyzed as a randomized complete block design with repeated measurements (SAS 9.4). On day 196 of gestation, heifers were similar in BW and BCS (P &gt; 0.05). By day 266, MUD heifers weighed 43.5 kg less than CON heifers (P &lt; 0.01) and were assigned a BCS of 4.3 compared with CON heifers that were a BCS of 6.1 (P &lt; 0.01). Calf birth weight was not different (P = 0.21). Heifers in both treatments were able to maintain fetal growth, however, MUD heifers did not meet their energy requirements and had decreased BW and BCS compared with the CON heifers.

Estimation of microbial protein flow from the rumen of sheep using microbial nucleic acid and urinary excretion of purine derivatives

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 821-830 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Puchala ◽  
G. W. Kulasek
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Purine Derivatives ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Microbial Nitrogen ◽  
Sheep Rumen

Two methods for estimating the flow of microbial protein synthesized in the rumen to the duodenum were compared: one uses microbial nucleic acids entering the duodenum, and the other uses allantoin excreted in the urine. Ten ewes were fitted with rumen and duodenum cannulae, as well as Foley catheters for collection of urine. The experiment was carried out using two series of treatments with two replications each. The ewes were randomly divided into five groups, which were assigned to one of five diets. (In the second series sheep were excluded from diets received in the first series.) The diets, differing in protein and energy content, were as follows: (1) low protein, low energy (LPLE); high protein, low energy (HPLE); (3) maintenance for protein and energy (MPME); (4) low protein, high energy (LPHE); and (5) high protein, high energy (HPHE). The rates of rumen microbial protein synthesis were 3.34, 7.00, 9.44, 4.47 and 13.44 g microbial nitrogen (N) d−1 for diets 1–5, respectively. Results indicated a high correlation between allantoin and total purine derivatives (allantoin, uric acid, xanthine and hypoxanthine) excreted in the urine and the amount of microbial nucleic acids entering the duodenum. A regression equation y = exp (0.830 + 2.089x), using allantoin N (g d−1) excreted in the urine, was proposed for estimating microbial N synthesis (g d−1) in the rumen. The ratio of allantoin N to creatinine N in the urine samples collected at 6-h intervals varied markedly. Key words: Sheep, rumen, microbial protein, allantoin, purine derivatives

CARCASS AND EMPTY BODY COMPOSITION OF HEREFORD AND ANGUS BULLS FROM LINES SELECTED FOR RAPID GROWTH ON HIGH-ENERGY OR LOW-ENERGY DEITS

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 583-594
Author(s):  
C. B. BAILEY ◽  
J. E. LAWSON
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Skeletal Size ◽  
Kidney Fat

Hereford and Angus bull calves, progeny of breeding lines selected for nearly six generations for rapid growth on a high-energy (80% concentrate: 20% forage) or a low-energy (100% forage) diet, were themselves given a diet of 70% concentrate: 30% forage from 50 kg liveweight until slaughter at 500 kg liveweight. Effects of breed and ancestral selection diet on the composition of the empty body and the carcass at slaughter were measured. The sole effect of differences in the energy content of the selection diet was that bulls from the high-energy selection lines had higher proportions of muscle and bone in the front quarter and lower proportions in the hind quarter than bulls from the low-energy selection lines. Differences were small and probably not of economic importance. Breed of bull influenced significantly a number of body composition variables. As a proportion of empty liveweight, Herefords had lighter carcasses, less kidney fat, and heavier hides, heads, and feet than Angus. In addition, the carcasses of Hereford bulls had a higher proportion of bone than did those of the Angus and this was associated with differences in live body dimensions that reflected a larger overall skeletal size. As a result of these differences in the distribution of weight among the various parts of the empty body, Angus were superior to the Herefords in terms of total yield of carcass muscle (642 vs. 616 g kg−1 of empty liveweight) and ratio of muscle to bone in the carcass (4.96 vs. 4.64). It was concluded that the various indices of empty body and carcass composition were little influenced by ancestral selection diet but were affected by breed. Key words: Carcass, empty body, composition, cattle, selection, growth rate

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