Expressivism and Crossed Disagreements

2019 ◽  
Vol 86 ◽  
pp. 111-132
Author(s):  
Javier Osorio ◽  
Neftali Villanueva
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Theory ◽  
Semantic Level ◽  
Semantic Account ◽  
Evaluative Language ◽  
Truth Conditional ◽  
Pragmatic Strategies

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to explore the connection between expressivism and disagreement. More in particular, the aim is to defend that one of the desiderata that can be derived from the study of disagreement, the explanation of ‘crossed disagreements’, can only be accommodated within a semantic theory that respects, at the meta-semantic level, certain expressivistic restrictions. We will compare contemporary dynamic expressivism with three different varieties of contextualist strategies to accommodate the specificities of evaluative language –indexical contextualism – truth-conditional pragmatics –, pragmatic strategies using implicatures, and presuppositional accounts. Our conclusion will be that certain assumptions of expressivism are necessary in order to provide a semantic account of evaluative uses of language that can allow us to detect and prevent crossed disagreements.

scholarly journals MEANS OF EMOTIVES’ INTENSIFICATION

2019 ◽  
pp. 117-126
Author(s):  
Olena Kulchytska
Keyword(s):  
Likert Scale ◽  
Semantic Field ◽  
Semantic Level ◽  
Word Play ◽  
Graphic Symbols ◽  
Pragmatic Analysis ◽  
Truth Conditional ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Linguistic Means

The article is devoted to the study of linguistic means of realizing pejoration in the novels by S. Mayer. The topicality of the study is caused by scholarly necessity and importance of studying pejoration from anthropocentric viewpoint, since this vocabulary is rapidly developing and requires analysis and research from different positions. Moreover, the emotive component and the evaluative category in pejoratives have been insufficiently studied. The following definition of pejoratives has been put forward: they are lexemes that have negative, emotionally loaded expressive evaluation and create preconditions for the achievement of an illocutionary goal. They belong to the low style, have a synonym in neutral vocabulary register, have denotative and connotative components of meaning, are prone to change the sign of evaluation, in terms of hybrid semantics have both truth-conditional and use-conditional components and are contextually preconditioned. Vocabulary, the pejorative meaning of which is denotatively registered in lexicographic sources is determined as absolute. Pejoratives, whose meaning is not lexicographically registered, are classified as relative. Semantic field of pejorative vocabulary corpus consists of the nucleus, close and distant periphery. All means of distant periphery serve as intensifiers of pejorative meaning. On the semantic level pejoratives may function as a metaphor, epithet, oxymoron, hyperbole, litote, metonymy, simile, irony and sarcasm. On the syntactic level pejorative vocabulary is integrated into interrogative constructions, inversions, syntactic reductions, stylistic repetitions, antithesis, and word-play. The degree of expressiveness of pejorative meaning has been estimated by means of Likert scale, and it includes the following items: punctuation, semantic and stylistic means, syntactic and stylistic means, graphic symbols, nonce-words and adj/adv + n structure. Pragmatic analysis has yielded the following result: pejoratives are potentially manipulative linguistic means.

Who Needs Semantics of Quotation Marks?

2003 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 27-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yitzhak Benbaji
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Theory ◽  
The Other ◽  
Semantic Approach ◽  
Verb Phrase ◽  
Semantic Account ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Semantic Value ◽  
Conventional Implicatures

This paper further develops the semantic approach to quotation marks first presented in Benbaji (2004a) and (2004b). The account defended here is a version of the neo-Davidsonian semantic theory of quotation recently revived by Cappelen & Lepore. I begin by providing two further pieces of evidence in support of a semantic account. I argue, contra Recanati, that quotation marks cannot be “pragmatic indicators”, namely “expressions which have certain conditions of use, and whose use indicates that the conditions in question obtain”. Facts about verb phrase anaphora and about the cancelability of conventional implicatures clearly show, I believe, that quotation marks contribute to what is strictly and minimally said by the sentence in which they appear. On the other hand, I argue, contra Cappelen & Lepore, that the semantics of these markers is not “innocent”. Within some contexts, the semantic value of quotation marks is a component of the proposition expressed by the sentence in which they appear, while within others it is part of the mechanism that determines which proposition is expressed by the sentence given a context.

scholarly journals حروف الجر والعلاقات الفضائية، مقاربة دلالية

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
مولاي مروان العلوي
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Semantic Theory ◽  
Semantic Level ◽  
Semantic Fields ◽  
Conceptual Semantic ◽  
The Common

Prepositions Raises, on the semantic level, many problematic, gi-ven the multiplicity of meanings associated with each preposition, and the involvement of these prepostions with each other in the expression of these meanings. the ancient grammarians Interpreted these problems in the common metaphor and polysemy, as interpreted by some of them, especially Sibawayh, at the door of the expansion, relying that on partial meaning of the character in the syntax. If we examine the use of prepositions within the installation, we found that the space significance always showed to express thereal space or the metaphorical space. This paper aims to address these problems in the context of conceptual semantic theory affiliated to current knowledge as a theoretical framework addresses the sense in general. this theory demonstrated the importance of metaphor conceptual in stucturing semantics fields through other semantic fields, as is the case with prepositions, where the Relation structuring space field structur other quasi-space fields.

The semantics of grammatical categories: a dialectical approach

1985 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl Bache
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Theory ◽  
Dialectical Approach ◽  
Grammatical Categories ◽  
Narrow Definition ◽  
Truth Conditional ◽  
Descriptive Approach ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Lexical Relations ◽  
Shed Light

In this paper I want to present a practical descriptive approach to the semantics of grammatical categories, especially of the binary type involving two forms only. In doing so, I hope to be able to attract the attention of linguists concerned with the structure of a comprehensive semantic theory of human language. Substitutional relations of a grammatical kind (as opposed to syntactic and lexical relations) are too often neglected in textbooks on modern semantics. For example, in Ruth Kempson's otherwise excellent introduction to semantic theory (Kempson, 1977), there is no mention of the semantics of grammatical categories at all. In my view, not only must such Substitutional relations be accommodated within a total theory of semantics – even on a narrow definition of the discipline – but they may provide important insights into the nature of meaning which will affect some of the current suppositions in semantic theory. In particular I shall attempt to shed light on the role of ‘subjectivity’ – a notion which is becoming increasingly difficult to ignore and which challenges the very common restriction among semanticists of the scope of semantics to just a truth-conditional component.

MEDAN MAKNA PERALATAN DAPUR MASYARAKAT ROKAN HULU

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 149
Author(s):  
Elvina Syahrir
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Theory ◽  
Semantic Field

This research discusses about semantic field of kitchen equipment used in Rokan Hulu region. The data observed consist of noun lexemes of kitchen equipment which is generally used by Rokan Hulu people. The semantic theory is used to analysis the meaning components. Based on the result of the research, it is concluded that the lexemes of kitchen equipment grouped as (1) water stock and carriers, (2) cold steels, (3) stoves, (4) drinking sets, (5) the dishes, and (6) the carriers.AbstrakPenelitian ini mengkaji tentang medan makna pe ralatan rumah tangga yang digunakan oleh di wilayah Rokan Hulu. Data yang diperoleh terdiri dari leksem kata benda peralatan dapur yang digunakan oleh masyarakat Rokan Hulu. Teori semantik digunakan untuk menganalisis komponen makna. Berdasarkan hasil pene litian bahwa leksem peralatan dapur dikelompokkan sebagai (1) tempat air; wadah; bak; tabung, (2) senjata tajam, (3) alat untuk memasak, (4) alat minum, (5) wadah makanan, dan (6) wadah pembawa sesuatu/barang.

Self-referring in Korean, with reference to Korean first-person markers

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hye-Kyung Lee
Keyword(s):  
Social Role ◽  
Semantic Theory ◽  
Public Image ◽  
First Person ◽  
Grammatical Category ◽  
Primary Function ◽  
Person Reference ◽  
Lexical Items ◽  
Dictionary Definitions

Lee’s chapter provides a corpus-based analysis of Korean first-person markers by examining the semantic and pragmatic features emerging from their dictionary definitions and their usages in discourse. Specifically, it is demonstrated that the use of the grammatical category of a pronoun does not quite fit the Korean data, because the exceptionally large number of the lexical items are highly specialized in their use. While the first-person markers have the primary function of referring to the speaker, self-referring via first-person markers in Korean is mediated by the speaker’s awareness of his perceived social role or public image, which is expected to conform to honorification norms. The author also argues that the situation with first-person reference in Korean supports the view that the indexical/non-indexical distinction standardly adopted in semantic theory ought to be reconsidered.

The Semantics of Evidentials

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah E. Murray
Keyword(s):  
Recent Work ◽  
Common Ground ◽  
Formal Semantics ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Propositional Content ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Truth Conditional ◽  
The Common ◽  
Issue Content

This book gives a compositional, truth‐conditional, crosslinguistic semantics for evidentials set in a theory of the semantics for sentential mood. Central to this semantics is a proposal about a distinction between what propositional content is at‐issue, roughly primary or proffered, and what content is not‐at‐issue. Evidentials contribute not‐at‐issue content, more specifically what I will call a not‐at‐issue restriction. In addition, evidentials can affect the level of commitment a sentence makes to the main proposition, contributed by sentential mood. Building on recent work in the formal semantics of evidentials and related phenomena, the proposed semantics does not appeal to separate dimensions of illocutionary meaning. Instead, I argue that all sentences make three contributions: at‐issue content, not‐at‐issue content, and an illocutionary relation. At‐issue content is presented, made available for subsequent anaphora, but is not directly added to the common ground. Not‐at‐issue content directly updates the common ground. The illocutionary relation uses the at‐issue content to impose structure on the common ground, which, depending on the clause type (e.g., declarative, interrogative), can trigger further updates. Empirical support for this proposal comes from Cheyenne (Algonquian, primary data from the author’s fieldwork), English, and a wide variety of languages that have been discussed in the literature on evidentials.

Slurs, Assertion, and Predication

2019 ◽  
pp. 286-305
Author(s):  
Christopher Hom
Keyword(s):  
Careful Examination ◽  
Conventional Implicature ◽  
Literal Truth ◽  
Truth Conditional

A multidimensional account of the meanings of slurs holds that a slur has both literal, truth-conditional content (which is neutral) and conventional implicature (which is derogatory). This chapter offers a careful examination of the motivations and commitments for a multidimensional account and argues that the theoretic costs for such a view are prohibitive. One of the primary motivations for a multidimensional account over a purely truth-conditional account is the apparent wide-scoping phenomenon of slurs (e.g., that derogatory content does not seem cancellable under negation). The chapter argues that carefully distinguishing between predication and assertion not only dispels the misconception that the phenomena in question is centrally about scope but also vindicates the purely truth-conditional account as a more general and unified explanation.

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