The Miesian courtyard house

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-132
Author(s):  
Luciana Fornari Colombo
Keyword(s):  
Creative Process ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Previous Literature ◽  
Teaching Approach ◽  
Alternative View ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
House Type ◽  
Courtyard House

Ludwig Mies van der Rohe's idea of a modern courtyard house is explored in this article considering three aspects: context stimuli, development, and practical applications. In this manner, this article provides significant contributions to the understanding of Mies's courtyard house idea. In fact, so far the stimuli and motivations behind his studies on this house type have been insufficiently explored. This obscurity has facilitated hypotheses such as that some of the courtyard house projects that Mies attributed to himself were not designed by him, but by his students and assistants. This article offers an alternative view of this issue that supports the architect's original claims by clarifying his teaching approach, creative process, and historical context. This article also clarifies the development of Mies's courtyard house idea through several projects that he designed on this theme, including the Courtyard House with Round Skylight (1934), which has been little explored in previous literature. Ultimately, this article examines the practical applications of Mies's courtyard house idea, both as a motif of student exercise and as an architectural solution for low dwellings, showing that this idea has maintained its relevance throughout the decades.

scholarly journals UNVEILING IRANIAN COURTYARD HOUSE: THE EXAMPLE OF KUY-E CHAHARSAD-DASTGAH (1946–1950)

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-111
Author(s):  
Mohamad Sedighi ◽  
Dick van Gameren
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Early Years ◽  
World War ◽  
House Type ◽  
Second World ◽  
Courtyard House

This article discusses the transformation of the traditional Iranian courtyard house type and neighbourhood structure in the early 20th century Iran, and focuses on the design of public housing in the country’s early years of modernisation, after the second World War. It explores how (urban) legislations by Iranian reformists and modernists, and the compulsory unveiling law implemented between 1936 and 1943 contributed to change the image of urban areas and the everyday life of Iranians, particularly in Tehran. While this article provides a short overview of these transformations, it discusses how Iranian architects, educated in Europe, attempted to reconceptualise the ideal form of living, the courtyard-garden house (Khaneh-Bagh), for large-scale housing production, in the country. This article shows how the transformation of this house type became an instrument of accommodating both change and resistance in terms of local customs and habits, in Kuy-e Chaharsad-Dastgah, built between 1946 and 1950 in Tehran. To illustrate these, the design and development of this experimental housing project is analysed in details. It is also demonstrated how this project was developed based on a “planning document” revised by a group of modernist Iranian architects, who intended to improve the hygiene condition of living environments and to accommodate a large number of low-income civil servants in post-World War II, Tehran. It is argued that dual characteristics of the Iranian courtyard house allowed for both incorporating imported models, and simultaneously resisting universalising tendencies towards homogenisation, in the case of Chaharsad-Dastgah.

scholarly journals The development of a school-based psychotherapy service for adolescents

1995 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. Dyer ◽  
F. M. Elliott
Keyword(s):  
High Schools ◽  
Service Provision ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Alternative View ◽  
Emotional Difficulties ◽  
School Based ◽  
Current State

In this article we give an alternative view of service provision for adolescents with emotional difficulties centred around four high schools. We believe that the service we offer differs in a number of ways and has a number of benefits for clients and other pupils and staff at the schools. We present this view of our service with some information about its historical context and as a snapshot of the current state of the service in the expectation that there will be further developments.

Employment Law in Context

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Cabrelli
Keyword(s):  
Common Law ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Employment Law ◽  
Labour Law ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Common ◽  
Employment Rights ◽  
A Company

Employment Law in Context combines extracts from leading cases, articles, and books with commentary to provide a full critical understanding of employment law. As well as providing a grounding in individual labour law, this title offers detailed analysis of the social, economic, political, and historical context in which employment law operates, drawing attention to key and current areas of debate. An innovative running case study contextualizes employment law and demonstrates its practical applications by following the life-cycle of a company from incorporation, through expansion, to liquidation. Reflection points and further reading suggestions are included. The volume is divided into eight main Parts. The first Part provides an introduction to employment law. The next Part looks at the constitution of employment and personal work contracts. This is followed by Part III, which examines the content of the personal employment contract and the obligations imposed by the common law on employers and employees. The fourth Part is about statutory employment rights. The fifth Part covers equality law. Part VI looks at the common law and statutory regulation of dismissals. The Part that follows considers business reorganizations, consultation, and insolvency. Finally, Part VIII describes collective labour law.

Varia: Art creates peace in times of war. Alexander Bozhinov’s Murals at Svishtov Academy of Economics

Proglas ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ventsislav Vezirov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Creative Process ◽  
Fine Arts ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Work Of Art ◽  
The People

The article presents, analyzes and systematizes the nature and problems related to Alexander Bozhinov’s murals at D. A. Tsenov Academy of Economics, Svishtov. The relations between Alexander Bozhinov and his uncle – the donor Dimitar Tsenovich – are considered in order to clarify the creative process and the aesthetics of these works. The historical context and the artistic views of the artists are elucidated on by drawing a comparison between Nikolai Pavlov and Alexander Bozhinov; the murals are compared to what was achieved in the Bulgarian fine arts by that time – 1941. The idea is that the work of art created in times of war saves the spirit of the people after the war.

The Balance of Opposites in the Creative Process

1985 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trefor D. Vaughan
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Creative Process ◽  
Complex Interaction ◽  
Creative Expression ◽  
Dynamic Tension ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Tolerance Of Ambiguity ◽  
Problem Solving Strategies

This paper argues that the creative process is a complex interaction of thinking, emotion and intuition and the major characteristic is the balancing of opposites which integrate the process. The creative process can only be maintained by holding the opposites in a state of dynamic tension which can be called a “tolerance of ambiguity”. This tension of opposing forces charges the creative expression with power avoiding the degeneration which occurs when the balance of opposites is uneven. In considering the practical applications in the classroom, it would seem that the encouragement of a learning atmosphere which generates alternative modes of thinking and problem solving strategies and an acceptance of openended situations encourages the creative act. The classroom needs to be “emotionally charged”, pupils encouraged to pursue individual ideas in an atmosphere of adventure and risk-taking.

Continuity, Utility and Change: The Urban Compound House in Ghana

2009 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 36-45
Author(s):  
S. O. Afram ◽  
David Korboe
Keyword(s):  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Built Form ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
House Type ◽  
Courtyard House

Since the fifteenth century when Europeans first established a credible presence in Ghana, colonial values have played a significant role in shaping lifestyles in the country. Despite these imported influences, the courtyard house remains the predominant house form in rural and urban areas alike. It is somewhat surprising, therefore, that there is relatively little appreciation within academic and policy-making circles of its versatility. In this paper, the authors focus on the built form of the urban courtyard house and examine its utilitarian qualities from a predominantly architectural viewpoint. Finally, an attempt is made at predicting the medium-term future of this house type.

The Seigneurial Domestic Buildings of Brittany: A Provisional Assessment

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Jones ◽  
Gwyn I. Meirion-Jones ◽  
Frédéric Guibal ◽  
Jon R. Pilcher
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
The Political ◽  
House Type ◽  
Manor House ◽  
Work Up ◽  
The Middle Ages

Since 1983 a multi-disciplinary survey of buildings of the manor-house type in the historic duchy of Brittany has been undertaken. The present paper presents provisional results, chiefly based on work up to the 1987 season in two of the five modern départements of the province: Côtes-du-Nord and Ille-et-Vilaine. After a brief historical introduction discussing the political and social context of the manoirs, their relationship to earlier seigneurial dwellings such as motte-and-bailey castles or maisons-fortes, their origins and numbers are considered. Then the different forms of the manorial ensemble and existing types of building are surveyed, highlighting those where detailed archival, archaeological and dendrochronological studies have been carried out. The survey has brought to light a small number of standard forms originating in the Middle Ages. Their main features and variants are described and the general architectural evolution of this class of building down to the Renaissance is traced, concluding with a limited commentary on the broader historical context.

Creativity

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dean Keith Simonton
Keyword(s):  
Early Development ◽  
Creative Process ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Nature Versus Nurture ◽  
Creative Person ◽  
Creativity Research

This chapter begins by defining what “creativity” signifies, discussing both two- and three-criterion definitions and distinguishing between “little-c” and “Big-C” creativity. The article then turns to the main measurement approaches; namely, those that focus on the creative process, the creative person, and the creative product. Next follows an overview of some key empirical findings, especially concerning developmental adversity and psychopathology. This overview leads to a treatment of three major theoretical questions: the nature-versus-nurture issue, little-c versus Big-C creativity, and domain-specific versus generic processes. The following section concerns practical applications in both early development and adulthood encouragement. The article closes with a discussion of future directions in creativity research and practice.

Analysing Internal Material Loads in Manufacturing Processes

2014 ◽  
Vol 1018 ◽  
pp. 83-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sven Kuschel ◽  
Jens Sölter ◽  
Ekkard Brinksmeier
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Functional Properties ◽  
Surface Integrity ◽  
Mathematical Description ◽  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
Alternative View ◽  
Manufacturing Processes ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Physical Mechanisms ◽  
Machined Parts

In order to generate desired functional properties in the surface layer of machined parts, today several iterative attempts are needed to achieve the specified surface and subsurface properties. Despite progress in simulation and modelling, which is limited to individual processes and investigations, a predictive adjustment of a manufacturing process in terms of a specific state of surface integrity is not possible. In this work, an alternative view regarding manufacturing processes, based on occurring internal physical mechanisms, is presented. It is shown for several processes, that the surface integrity due to material modifications can be correlated with internal material loads occurring during the process. To utilise this method in practical applications, approaches are presented which should enable a reduction in the complexity of the mathematical description of the internal material loading states.

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