scholarly journals Mediterranean diet and metabolic syndrome: the evidence

2009 ◽  
Vol 12 (9A) ◽  
pp. 1607-1617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy Babio ◽  
Mònica Bulló ◽  
Jordi Salas-Salvadó
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Atherogenic Dyslipidemia ◽  
Favourable Effect ◽  
Processed Meat ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
The Mediterranean

AbstractBackgroundThe Mediterranean diet has long been related to a lower cardiovascular disease risk; however, more recent evidences also indicate that it has a favourable effect on adiposity and type 2 diabetes.DesignReview of the available literature in relation to Mediterranean diet and metabolic syndrome.ResultsSeveral components of Mediterranean diet patterns have been inversely related with body mass index. They are considered to be modulators of insulin resistance, can exert beneficial effects on blood pressure, improve atherogenic dyslipidemia or attenuate the inflammatory burden associated with metabolic syndrome. Furthermore, a lower prevalence of metabolic syndrome has been associated with dietary patterns rich in fruits and vegetables, nuts, olive oil, legumes and fish, moderate in alcohol and low in red meat, processed meat, refined carbohydrates and whole-fat dairy products.ConclusionsThere is much evidence suggesting that the Mediterranean diet could serve as an anti-inflammatory dietary pattern, which could help to fight diseases related to chronic inflammation, including metabolic syndrome.

scholarly journals Metabolic syndrome and the components of the Mediterranean diet

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Luz Fernandez
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
The United States ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Metabolic Abnormalities ◽  
Central Adiposity ◽  
The Mediterranean

Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of metabolic abnormalities known to increase heart disease risk by two-fold and type 2 diabetes risk by five-fold. These disturbances include dyslipidemias, hypertension, hyperglycemia and central adiposity in addition to insulin resistance and low grade inflammation. The prevalence of MetS is about 34% in the United States with variations according to ethnicity and race. Lfestyle factors including smoking, lack of exercise, poor dietary habits as well as low socioeconomic status are associated with the development of MetS. Diet is considered one of the major contributors to MetS. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet (high intake of whole grains, fruits and vegetables, olive oil, fish, low-fat dairy products, and moderate wine consumption) has been associated with lower prevalence of MetS. Interventions utilizing this dietary approach have proven to be successful in reducing some of the associated metabolic abnormalities. In this review, evidence from epidemiological and clinical studies showing the benefits of the Mediterranean diet is presented. The effect of the specific components of the Mediterranean diet is also discussed.

scholarly journals Interaction Effect of the Mediterranean Diet and an Obesity Genetic Risk Score on Adiposity and Metabolic Syndrome in Adolescents: The HELENA Study

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 3841
Author(s):  
Miguel Seral-Cortes ◽  
Sergio Sabroso-Lasa ◽  
Pilar De Miguel-Etayo ◽  
Marcela Gonzalez-Gross ◽  
Eva Gesteiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Risk Score ◽  
Interaction Effect ◽  
Genetic Risk ◽  
Genetic Risk Score ◽  
Interaction Effects ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
The Mediterranean

Obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS) are worldwide major health challenges. The Mediterranean diet (MD) is associated with a better cardiometabolic profile, but these beneficial effects may be influenced by genetic variations, modulating the predisposition to obesity or MetS. The aim was to assess whether interaction effects occur between an obesity genetic risk score (obesity-GRS) and the MD on adiposity and MetS in European adolescents. Multiple linear regression models were used to assess the interaction effects of an obesity-GRS and the MD on adiposity and MetS and its components. Interaction effects between the MD on adiposity and MetS were observed in both sex groups (p < 0.05). However, those interaction effects were only expressed in a certain number of adolescents, when a limited number of risk alleles were present. Regarding adiposity, a total of 51.1% males and 98.7% females had lower body mass index (BMI) as a result of higher MD adherence. Concerning MetS, only 9.9% of males with higher MD adherence had lower MetS scores. However, the same effect was observed in 95.2% of females. In conclusion, obesity-related genotypes could modulate the relationship between MD adherence and adiposity and MetS in European adolescents; the interaction effect was higher in females than in males.

scholarly journals Preventive Role of L-Carnitine and Balanced Diet in Alzheimer’s Disease

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1987
Author(s):  
Alina Kepka ◽  
Agnieszka Ochocinska ◽  
Małgorzata Borzym-Kluczyk ◽  
Ewa Skorupa ◽  
Beata Stasiewicz-Jarocka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Carnitine Deficiency ◽  
Processed Meat ◽  
Balanced Diet ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
The Mind

The prevention or alleviation of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), is a challenge for contemporary health services. The aim of this study was to review the literature on the prevention or alleviation of AD by introducing an appropriate carnitine-rich diet, dietary carnitine supplements and the MIND (Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay) diet, which contains elements of the Mediterranean diet and the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet. L-carnitine (LC) plays a crucial role in the energetic metabolism of the cell. A properly balanced diet contains a substantial amount of LC as well as essential amino acids and microelements taking part in endogenous carnitine synthesis. In healthy people, carnitine biosynthesis is sufficient to prevent the symptoms of carnitine deficiency. In persons with dysfunction of mitochondria, e.g., with AD connected with extensive degeneration of the brain structures, there are often serious disturbances in the functioning of the whole organism. The Mediterranean diet is characterized by a high consumption of fruits and vegetables, cereals, nuts, olive oil, and seeds as the major source of fats, moderate consumption of fish and poultry, low to moderate consumption of dairy products and alcohol, and low intake of red and processed meat. The introduction of foodstuffs rich in carnitine and the MIND diet or carnitine supplementation of the AD patients may improve their functioning in everyday life.

Beneficial Effects of the Mediterranean Diet on Metabolic Syndrome

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (31) ◽  
pp. 5039-5044 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Grosso ◽  
Antonio Mistretta ◽  
Stefano Marventano ◽  
Agata Purrello ◽  
Paola Vitaglione ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
The Mediterranean

scholarly journals Association of the Modified Mediterranean Diet Score (mMDS) with Anthropometric and Biochemical Indices in US Career Firefighters

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 3693
Author(s):  
Maria Romanidou ◽  
Grigorios Tripsianis ◽  
Maria Soledad Hershey ◽  
Mercedes Sotos-Prieto ◽  
Costas Christophi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Mediterranean Diet Score ◽  
Diet Adherence ◽  
Mediterranean Diet Adherence ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Diet Score

The Mediterranean diet is associated with multiple health benefits, and the modified Mediterranean Diet Score (mMDS) has been previously validated as a measure of Mediterranean diet adherence. The aim of this study was to examine associations between the mMDS and anthropometric indices, blood pressure, and biochemical parameters in a sample of career firefighters. The participants were from Indiana Fire Departments, taking part in the “Feeding America’s Bravest” study, a cluster-randomized controlled trial that aimed to assess the efficacy of a Mediterranean diet intervention. We measured Mediterranean diet adherence using the mMDS. Anthropometric, blood pressure, and biochemical measurements were also collected. Univariate and multivariate linear regression models were used. In unadjusted analyses, many expected favorable associations between the mMDS and cardiovascular disease risk factors were found among the 460 firefighters. After adjustment for age, gender, ethnicity, physical activity, and smoking, a unitary increase in the mMDS remained associated with a decrease of the total cholesterol/HDL ratio (β-coefficient −0.028, p = 0.002) and an increase of HDL-cholesterol (β-coefficient 0.254, p = 0.004). In conclusion, greater adherence to the Mediterranean diet was associated with markers of decreased cardiometabolic risk. The mMDS score is a valid instrument for measuring adherence to the Mediterranean diet and may have additional utility in research and clinical practice.

scholarly journals From Metabolic Syndrome to Neurological Diseases: Role of Autophagy

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Maiuolo ◽  
Micaela Gliozzi ◽  
Vincenzo Musolino ◽  
Cristina Carresi ◽  
Federica Scarano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Systemic Hypertension ◽  
Atherogenic Dyslipidemia ◽  
World Population ◽  
Intracellular Process ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Metabolic syndrome is not a single pathology, but a constellation of cardiovascular disease risk factors including: central and abdominal obesity, systemic hypertension, insulin resistance (or type 2 diabetes mellitus), and atherogenic dyslipidemia. The global incidence of Metabolic syndrome is estimated to be about one quarter of the world population; for this reason, it would be desirable to better understand the underlying mechanisms involved in order to develop treatments that can reduce or eliminate the damage caused. The effects of Metabolic syndrome are multiple and wide ranging; some of which have an impact on the central nervous system and cause neurological and neurodegenerative diseases. Autophagy is a catabolic intracellular process, essential for the recycling of cytoplasmic materials and for the degradation of damaged cellular organelle. Therefore, autophagy is primarily a cytoprotective mechanism; even if excessive cellular degradation can be detrimental. To date, it is known that systemic autophagic insufficiency is able to cause metabolic balance deterioration and facilitate the onset of metabolic syndrome. This review aims to highlight the current state of knowledge regarding the connection between metabolic syndrome and the onset of several neurological diseases related to it. Furthermore, since autophagy has been found to be of particular importance in metabolic disorders, the probable involvement of this degradative process is assumed to be responsible for the attenuation of neurological disorders resulting from metabolic syndrome.

Differences Between Morbid Obesity With Metabolic Syndrome and Overweight Turkish Adult Participants in Multiple Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors

Angiology ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 000331972097016
Author(s):  
Cem Bostan ◽  
Aysem Kaya ◽  
Zerrin Yigit
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Oxidized Ldl ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Atherogenic Dyslipidemia ◽  
Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Apo B ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS) are public health problems and are increasing globally. We assessed the differences in lipid profiles through lipid testing, thrombotic and inflammatory parameters, and oxidative stress indexes between overweight and obese patients with MetS in a Turkish adult population. We included 100 obese (body mass index [BMI] >30 kg/m2) patients with MetS (66 women, 34 men, mean age 54.0 ± 10.1 years) and 15 overweight (BMI 25-30 kg/m2) individuals (11 women, 4 men, mean age 50.2 ± 14.5 years) as controls. The group with MetS had significantly higher levels of glycaemia, uric acid, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, homocysteine, fibrinogen, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides, small dense LDL, oxidized LDL, apolipoprotein B (Apo B), lipoprotein (a), small and intermediate high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles, oxidative stress index, and significantly lower levels of HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C), Apo A, and large HDL particles. In conclusion, obesity with MetS increase atherogenic dyslipidemia and thrombotic, inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers. Furthermore, obesity with MetS decreases protective mechanisms of atherosclerosis. We should at least try to prevent overweight individuals from becoming obese with MetS.

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