FINDIET 2007 Survey: energy and nutrient intakes

AbstractObjectiveThe National FINDIET surveys are carried out every 5 years to monitor dietary habits and nutrient intake of the adult Finnish population. The latest survey was carried out in 2007.DesignCross-sectional population-based study. Dietary assessment was carried out using 48 h recall interviews. A picture book of food portions was used to estimate portion sizes and the national Food Composition Database Fineli® to calculate nutrient intakes.SettingA representative sample taken in five regions in Finland.SubjectsA total of 730 men and 846 women aged 24–64 years.ResultsThe percentage contribution of fat to the total energy intake was 33 % in men and 31 % in women. The respective percentages for SFA in men and women were 13 % and 12 %, respectively, and 0·4 % for trans fatty acids in both genders. The average intakes of folate, vitamin D and fibre fell below the recommended levels, whereas the average salt intake was somewhat higher than the recommendations. Women’s diet was higher in protein, dietary fibre and sucrose compared to that of men.ConclusionsAccording to the FINDIET 2007 Survey, the dietary habits of the adult Finnish population have headed in a positive direction overall. However, although the quality of the fats consumed has continued to improve, and the intake of salt has decreased, they still do not meet the recommended levels of intake. Similarly, the average intakes of folate and vitamin D continue to fall below the recommendations. There is also a need to increase fibre intake and to cut down the intake of sucrose.

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Inverse Association Between Health Literacy and Obesity Among Children in Greece: A School-Based, Cross-Sectional Epidemiological Study

Health Education & Behavior ◽

10.1177/1090198120982944 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 109019812098294

Author(s):

Aikaterini Kanellopoulou ◽

Venetia Notara ◽

George Antonogeorgos ◽

Maria Chrissini ◽

Andrea Paola Rojas-Gil ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Literacy ◽

Weight Status ◽

Dietary Habits ◽

Population Based ◽

Activity Levels ◽

Inverse Association ◽

Linear Regression Models ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Body Weight Status ◽

High Level

Children’s health literacy is a crucial pillar of health. This study is aimed to examine the association between health literacy and weight status among Greek schoolchildren aged 10 to 12 years old. A population-based, cross-sectional observational study enrolling 1,728 students (795 boys), aged 10 to 12 years old, was conducted during school years 2014–2016. A health literacy index (range 0-100) was created through an item response theory hybrid model, by combining a variety of beliefs and perceptions of children about health. The mean health literacy score was 70.4 (±18.7). The majority of children (63.8%) had a “high” level (i.e., >67/100) of health literacy, 30.5% had a “medium” level (i.e., 34–66/100) of health literacy, while a small proportion of children (5.7%) had a “low” level (i.e., <33/100). Girls exhibited a higher level of health literacy than boys (71.7 ± 18.3 vs. 68.8 ± 19.1, p < .01). Regarding body weight status, 21.7% of children was overweight and 5.0% was obese. Linear regression models showed that the health literacy score was inversely associated with children’s body mass index (regression coefficient [95% CI]: −0.010 [−0.018, −0.001]), after adjusting for dietary habits, physical activity levels, and other potential confounders. Health literacy seems to be a dominant characteristic of children’s weight status; therefore, school planning, as well as public health policy actions should emphasize on the ability of children’s capacity to obtain, process, and understand basic health information.

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Modifiable factors of vitamin D status among a Brazilian osteoporotic population attended a public outpatient clinic

Arquivos Brasileiros de Endocrinologia & Metabologia ◽

10.1590/0004-2730000003393 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 58 (5) ◽

pp. 572-582 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Marília Brasilio Rodrigues Camargo ◽

llda Sizue Kunii ◽

Lilian Fukusima Hayashi ◽

Patrícia Muszkat ◽

Catherine Gusman Anelli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Dietary Habits ◽

Vitamin D Supplementation ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Vitamin D Status ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Modifiable Factors ◽

The Mean

Objectives To evaluate the serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentration in Brazilian osteoporotic patients and the modifiable factors of vitamin D status in this population. Subjects and methods In a cross-sectional study, 363 community-dwelling patients who sought specialized medical care were evaluated between autumn and spring in São Paulo, Brazil. Serum levels of 25(OH)D and parathormone (PTH), biochemical and anthropometric measurements, and bone density scans were obtained. The group was assessed using two questionnaires: one questionnaire covered lifestyle and dietary habits, skin phototype, sun exposure, medical conditions, and levels of vitamin D supplementation (cholecalciferol); the other questionnaire assessed health-related quality-of-life. Logistic regression and a decision tree were used to assess the association between the variables and the adequacy of vitamin D status. Results The mean age of the overall sample was 67.9 ± 8.6 years, and the mean 25(OH)D concentration was 24.8 ng/mL. The prevalence of inadequate vitamin D status was high (73.3%), although 81.5% of the subjects were receiving cholecalciferol (mean dose of 8,169 IU/week). 25(OH)D was positively correlated with femoral neck bone mineral density and negatively correlated with PTH. In the multivariate analysis, the dose of cholecalciferol, engagement in physical activity and the month of the year (September) were associated with improvement in vitamin D status. Conclusions In this osteoporotic population, vitamin D supplementation of 7,000 IU/week is not enough to reach the desired 25(OH)D concentration (≥ 30 ng/mL). Engagement in physical activity and the month of the year are modifiable factors of the vitamin D status in this population.

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Vitamin D-rich marine Inuit diet and markers of inflammation – a population-based survey in Greenland

Journal of Nutritional Science ◽

10.1017/jns.2015.33 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 4 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

L. K. Schæbel ◽

E. C. Bonefeld-Jørgensen ◽

P. Laurberg ◽

H. Vestergaard ◽

S. Andersen

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Marine Mammals ◽

Dietary Habits ◽

High Sensitivity ◽

Population Based ◽

Mixed Diet ◽

Markers Of Inflammation ◽

Vitamin D Levels ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Imported Foods

AbstractThe traditional Inuit diet in Greenland consists mainly of fish and marine mammals, rich in vitamin D. Vitamin D has anti-inflammatory capacity but markers of inflammation have been found to be high in Inuit living on a marine diet. Yet, the effect of vitamin D on inflammation in Inuit remains unsettled. This led us to investigate the association between vitamin D and markers of inflammation in a population with a high intake of a marine diet. We studied 535 Inuit and non-Inuit living in West and East Greenland. Information concerning dietary habits was obtained by interview-based FFQ. Blood samples were drawn for analysis of 25-hydroxyvitamin D, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and chitinase-3-like protein 1(YKL-40). Participants were divided into three groups based on degree of intake of the traditional Inuit diet. The diet groups (Inuit diet/mixed diet/imported foods) were associated with vitamin D levels in serum (74·2, 69·8 and 52·9 nm; P < 0·001), hsCRP (1·6, 1·4 and 1·3 mg/l; P = 0·002) and YKL-40 (130, 95 and 61 ng/ml; P < 0·001), respectively. YKL-40 level decreased with rising vitamin D level in Inuit (Inuit diet P = 0·002; mixed diet P = 0·011). YKL-40 was lower in groups with higher vitamin D levels after adjusting for other factors known to influence inflammation (P < 0·001). This was not seen for hsCRP. In conclusion, vitamin D and markers of inflammation vary in parallel with the intake of the marine Inuit diet. Vitamin D levels were inversely associated with YKL-40 levels, but no association with hsCRP was found. The hypothesised anti-inflammatory effect of vitamin D was not supported. Other factors in the marine diet may be speculated to influence inflammation.

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Study of prevalence of osteoporosis in males of above 40 years age group attending SMS Hospital, Jaipur

International Journal of Research in Orthopaedics ◽

10.18203/issn.2455-4510.intjresorthop20172883 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 3 (4) ◽

pp. 837

Author(s):

Parwez Qureshi ◽

R. C. Meena ◽

Jakir Husain ◽

Gaurav Deshwar ◽

Vineet Maheshwari ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Dietary Habits ◽

Good Control ◽

Age Group ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

T Score ◽

Vitamin D Levels ◽

Study Population ◽

Prevalence Of Osteoporosis

Background: Whenever osteoporosis is discussed, the focus is on women; men are far less likely to receive a diagnosis of osteoporosis or osteoporotic fracture because of considerable gaps in knowledge on male osteoporosis. The aim and objectives were to study the prevalence of osteoporosis in males of above 40 year age group attending SMS Hospital Jaipur & to explore the influence of various modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors on BMD.Methods: Study Location: SMS Medical College and Hospital, Jaipur. Study design: Hospital based cross sectional study. Study period: April 2015 to December 2016. Sample Size: 200. Work up: After taking ethical clearance and informed verbal consent, demographic and clinical details were noted along with S- calcium, Vitamin D and bone mineral density assessment. Osteoporosis was defined as T score ≤−2.5 bone mass −1 to −2.5 and normal as >−1. Data thus collected was analysed with help of SPSS 22.0 through frequency, percentages, Mean, SD and ANOVA.Results: Prevalence of osteopenia and osteoporosis in the study population was 28.5% and 11.5%. Age wise maximum prevalence was in the age group 71-80 years (31.81%). Prevalence of osteoporosis was more among Muslim community 20.83%, more in low socio economic group (BPL). T score of study population was -0.3705±1.41. The mean BMI, S-Calcium, Vitamin D levels and T score values among osteopenic and osteoporotic patients were statistically highly significant when compared to patients without osteo-penic/porotic changes (p<0.05).Conclusions: Osteoporosis is a silent killer and prevention is better than cure as prevention requires simple steps such as good dietary habits, active life style, good control of systemic disorders, reduced intake of tobacco and alcohol.

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Time trends of vitamin D concentrations in northern Sweden between 1986 and 2014: a population-based cross-sectional study

European Journal of Nutrition ◽

10.1007/s00394-019-02142-x ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 59 (7) ◽

pp. 3037-3044

Author(s):

Eva Summerhays ◽

Mats Eliasson ◽

Robert Lundqvist ◽

Stefan Söderberg ◽

Tanja Zeller ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Time Trends ◽

Time Trend ◽

Population Based ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Northern Sweden ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Potential Health ◽

Entire Study

Abstract Purpose Vitamin D, produced through cutaneous photosynthesis or ingested via foods or supplements, has generated considerable research interest due to its potential health effects. However, epidemiological data on the time trends of vitamin D status are sparse, especially from northern Europe. We examined the time trend of vitamin D concentrations in northern Sweden between 1986 and 2014. Methods We used data on 11,129 men and women (aged 25–74 years) from seven population-based surveys (the Northern Sweden MONICA study), recruited between 1986 and 2014. Serum vitamin D (25-hydroxyvitamin D) status was measured using a one-step immunoassay (Abbott Architect). Multivariable linear regression models, adjusted for age, sex, and a number of other variables, were used to estimate the time trend of vitamin D concentrations. Results The mean value of vitamin D in the entire study population was 19.9 ng/mL [standard deviation (SD) 7.9], with lower values in men (19.4 ng/mL; SD 7.5) than in women (20.5 ng/mL; SD 8.2). Using the survey in 1986 as reference category, the multivariable-adjusted mean difference [95% confidence interval (CI)] in ng/mL was 2.7 (2.2, 3.3) in 1990, 3.2 (2.7, 3.7) in 1994, 1.6 (1.0, 2.1) in 1999, − 2.0 (− 2.5, − 1.4) in 2004, 1.0 (0.4, 1.5) in 2009, and 3.1 (2.5, 3.6) in 2014. Conclusion In this large cross-sectional study, we observed no clear upward or downward trend of vitamin D concentrations in northern Sweden between 1986 and 2014.

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Energy and nutrient intakes by pre-school children in Flanders-Belgium

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s000711450773458x ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 98 (3) ◽

pp. 600-610 ◽

Cited By ~ 55

Author(s):

Inge Huybrechts ◽

Stefaan De Henauw

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

School Children ◽

Saturated Fatty Acids ◽

Later Life ◽

Statistical Modelling ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Nutrient Intakes ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Diet Records ◽

Upper Level

The objective of this cross-sectional study was to investigate energy and nutrient intakes in pre-school children in Flanders-Belgium, using multistage clustered sampling. Diets of 661 children (338 boys; 323 girls) between 2·5 and 6·5 years old were assessed, with parentally reported 3 d estimated diet records. Usual energy and nutrient intakes were compared with national and international recommendations. Statistical modelling was used to account for within-individual variation. Mean daily energy intakes (boys, 6543 kJ; girls, 5757 kJ) approached the estimated energy requirements (EER) (boys, 6040 kJ; girls, 5798 kJ) for children < 4 years old. For children at least 4 years old, mean energy intakes (boys, 6408 kJ; girls, 5914 kJ) were below the EER of 6995 and 6740 kJ/d, respectively. Mean energy percentage (en%) derived from saturated fatty acids (SFA) (13–14 en%) was above the acceptable macronutrient distribution range (AMDR) upper level of 12 en%. Mean percentages derived from MUFA (10–11 en%) and PUFA (4–5 en%) were below the AMDR lower levels of 12 and 8 en%, respectively. For fibre, iron and vitamin D intakes, < 15 % of the children reached the recommended dietary allowances. Everybody exceeded the tolerable upper intake levels for sodium. Although diets in Belgian children were adequate in most nutrients, the implications of low iron, vitamin D and fibre intakes should be investigated. Furthermore, this affluent diet, characterised by SFA, MUFA and PUFA intakes differing from the recommendations and excessive sodium intakes, might increase the risk for CVD in later life.

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Can Meals Outside Homes Impact Sodium Intake?

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzaa091 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (6) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ana Maria Pita Ruiz ◽

Margareth Guimarães Lima ◽

Lhais de Paula Barbosa Medina ◽

Renata Luz Pinto ◽

Marilisa Berti de Azevedo Barros ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salt Intake ◽

Sodium Intake ◽

Age Groups ◽

Population Based ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Nutrition Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Salt Consumption ◽

Adolescents And Adults ◽

Study Participants

ABSTRACT Background The WHO currently recommends a daily sodium intake of 2 g and has established the goal of a 30% reduction in mean salt intake by 2025. Objective We sought to estimate sodium intake in study participants according to the locations of where they consumed meals and their demographic and socioeconomic characteristics and practices related to salt consumption. Methods A population-based, cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 2574 individuals aged ≥10 y who answered the 2015 Campinas-Brazil Nutrition Survey. Mean sodium intake was estimated using a 24-h recall log and associations with the independent variables were tested using generalized regression analysis stratified by age group. Results Sodium intake was higher in male participants as well as adolescents and adults who reported eating ≥1 meal outside the home (6.07% and 7.06% increase, respectively). Per meal, sodium was consumed more outside the home at breakfast, during an afternoon snack, and at dinner among adolescents. No significant differences were found in the analysis by type of meal among the adults and seniors. Conclusions Sodium intake exceeded the WHO recommendation in all age groups analyzed. Having ≥1 meal outside the home was associated with greater sodium intake among adolescents and adults. Measures to regulate the food industry and dietary/nutritional education strategies targeting consumers are important to reducing the sodium intake of the population.

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Sociodemographic inequalities in eating practices and concerns

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980020003638 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Lhais de Paula Barbosa Medina ◽

Marilisa Berti de Azevedo Barros ◽

Regina Mara Fisberg ◽

Daniela de Assumpção ◽

Antônio de Azevedo Barros Filho

Keyword(s):

Salt Intake ◽

Income Group ◽

Population Based ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Food Labels ◽

Dietary Practices ◽

Dietary Counseling ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Organic Foods ◽

Eating Practices

Abstract Objective: To evaluate associations between selected dietary concerns and eating practices and determine the association of these concerns/practices with demographic and socio-economic characteristics in a population from a large Brazilian city. Design: Population-based cross-sectional study. We investigated concerns regarding salt intake, the use of highly processed seasoning and the custom of reading the Na content on food labels. We also analysed concerns regarding the use of pesticides on food products and the practice of consuming organic foods. These variables were analysed according to sex, age group, schooling and income. Multivariate Poisson regression analysis was performed for the estimation of prevalence ratios. Setting: Campinas, state of São Paulo, Brazil. Participants: The representative sample consisted of 1710 adults and seniors. Results: A total 62·3 % of the population were concerned with salt intake, 34·7 % did not use highly processed seasoning and 10·6 % checked the Na content on food labels; 27·5 % were concerned with pesticides and 26·5 % consumed organic foods. The practices analysed were associated with the respective concerns. Women and seniors had a better profile, except for reading Na content in both groups and the consumption of organic foods among seniors. The frequency of checking the Na content and consuming organic foods increased with the level of schooling. The higher income group had a better profile, except for concern with salt intake. Conclusions: Considerable social differences were found regarding the dietary practices, and the practices were associated with concerns. The present findings underscore the need for different dietary counseling strategies targeting specific groups.

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Dietary habits and inadequate control of blood pressure in hypertensive adults assisted by a Brazilian Family Doctor Program

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980011001194 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 14 (12) ◽

pp. 2176-2184 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Bárbara da Silva Nalin de Souza ◽

Maria Luiza Garcia Rosa ◽

Jocemir R Lugon ◽

Edna Massae Yokoo ◽

Evandro Tinoco Mesquita ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Serum Creatinine ◽

Dietary Habits ◽

Salt Intake ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Family Doctor ◽

Prevalence Ratio ◽

Skin Colour ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Indirect Measure

AbstractObjectiveTo estimate dietary habits and other factors associated with inadequate blood pressure (BP) control in hypertensive patients adherent to antihypertensive drug treatment assisted by a Brazilian Family Doctor Program (FDP).DesignA cross-sectional study.SettingFDP units, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.SubjectsWe included data from both male and female participants aged ≥20 years. Participants completed a standardized questionnaire containing questions related to demographics, socio-economic factors, comorbidities and lifestyle, as well as a validated FFQ and eleven additional qualitative questions to investigate dietary habits. Food items were divided into sixteen groups. Medical consultations were performed, BP measurements were taken, blood and urine samples were assessed and anthropometric and nutritional status was evaluated.ResultsIndividuals with inadequate BP control presented higher BMI values (prevalence ratio (PR) = 1·027, 95 % CI 1·009, 1·045) and also consumed more meat (PR = 1·091, 95 % CI 1·022, 1·165), which are potentially modifiable variables. Higher levels of serum creatinine (PR = 1·894, 95 % CI 1·241, 2·892) were also associated with inadequate BP control, as were skin colour (white). After inclusion of the Na excretion index, which is an indirect measure of salt intake, a slight decrease was observed in the PR for meat, which resulted in loss of statistical significance.ConclusionsThe results indicate that salt consumption, skin colour, BMI and serum creatinine are associated with inadequate BP control.

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A study on the prevalence of dental caries among the school-going children in Tamil Nadu

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20174122 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (10) ◽

pp. 3582 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Gomathy Parasuraman ◽

Y. Gowtham Krishna ◽

M. Kaviya ◽

Nischal A. Jain ◽

Prashanth Rajendran ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Dental Caries ◽

Tamil Nadu ◽

Dietary Habits ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Simple Random Sampling ◽

Population Based ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Contributing Factors ◽

Cross Sectional

Background: Dental caries is an important social problem in India and is predominantly a disease of childhood. The prevalence and incidence of dental caries is influenced by various socio–demographic factors like age, sex, ethnic groups, dietary patterns and oral hygiene habits. The objective of the study were to estimate the prevalence of dental caries among the school going children aged between 5–10 years and to determine the risk factors associated with dental caries.Methods: A population based cross–sectional study was conducted among the primary school going children in Thirumazhisai from February 2016 to July 2016. Simple random sampling technique was employed and 357 children were identified for the study. Descriptive statistics was calculated for background variables and association between the risk factors and evidence of dental caries was analyzed by tests of proportions and chi square test was used as a statistical test of significance. Results: The overall prevalence of dental caries was found to be 63.9%. Higher prevalence of dental caries was found among the girls (54%), among the lower socioeconomic class (41.7%), among those who consumed mixed diet (74.8%), among those who consumed junk foods (62.6%) at least once every day and among those who consumed dairy products (58.9%) at least once every day. Dental caries was found to be low in prevalence among those who consumed fruits several times a week (6.1%), among those who brushed their teeth twice/more than twice a day (20.2%) and among those who washed their mouth after each meal (38.7%). Conclusions: Lack of awareness, improper dietary habits and poor oral hygienic practices are seemingly the contributing factors for the development of dental caries. Dental caries is a preventable disease which can be alleviated by creating community awareness through health education activities.

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