scholarly journals Does message framing matter for promoting the use of nutritional warnings in decision making?

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (16) ◽  
pp. 3025-3034 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Vidal ◽  
Leandro Machín ◽  
Jessica Aschemann-Witzel ◽  
Gastón Ares
Keyword(s):  
Visual Attention ◽  
Message Framing ◽  
Choice Task ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Minor Effect ◽  
Eye Tracker ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Average Percentage ◽  
Nutrition Messages ◽  
The Impact

AbstractObjective:To evaluate the impact of message framing on attitudes towards messages aimed at promoting the use of nutritional warnings, behavioural intention and actual behaviour, evaluated through visual attention to nutritional warnings and the choice of a snack product during a real choice task.Design:Following a between-subjects design, participants were exposed to loss-framed nutrition messages, gain-framed nutrition messages or non-nutrition-related messages (control group). After evaluating the messages, participants were asked to select a snack product as a compensation for their participation. The experiment was conducted using an eye tracker.Setting:Montevideo (Uruguay).Participants:Convenience sample of 201 people (18–51 years old, 58 % female).Results:The average percentage of participants who fixated their gaze on the nutritional warnings during the choice task was slightly but significantly higher for participants who attended to nutrition messages (regardless of their framing) compared with the control group. Participants who attended to loss-framed messages fixated their gaze on the warnings for the longest period of time. In addition, the healthfulness of the snack choices was higher for participants exposed to nutrition-related messages compared with the control group.Conclusions:Results from the present work suggest that nutrition messages aimed at increasing awareness of nutritional warnings may increase consumers’ visual attention and encourage more heathful choices. The framing of the messages only had a minor effect on their efficacy.

scholarly journals Message framing, non-conscious perception and effectiveness in non-profit advertising. Contribution by neuromarketing research

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana C. Martinez-Levy ◽  
Dario Rossi ◽  
Giulia Cartocci ◽  
Marco Mancini ◽  
Gianluca Di Flumeri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Attention ◽  
Message Framing ◽  
Emotional Reactions ◽  
Eye Tracker ◽  
Cognitive Approach ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Cognitive Reactions ◽  
Skin Response ◽  
Personal Attitudes ◽  
The Impact

AbstractAdvertising for non-profit organizations through television commercials is a valuable means of communication to raise awareness and receive donations. When it comes to social aspects, personal attitudes such as empathy are significant for reinforcing the intention to donate; and the study of eliciting emotions has critical attention in the literature, especially some types of emotion, such as guilt which mediates empathy. Different methodologies have been used to measure consumer emotions when faced with TV ads stimuli: mainly traditional techniques such as interviews or questionnaires after the ads viewing. In the last ten years, there has also been a great interest in new neuroscience techniques applied to measure emotional and cognitive reactions by physiological signals, frame by frame. Our research has applied neuromarketing technologies during the observation of a UNHCR commercial promoting legacy calls. The objective was to study cognitive and emotional reactions in order to increase the effectiveness whilst having the possibility to verify the results by measuring the benefits in terms of calls from contributors. The purpose of this research is to empirically prove the impact in calls thanks to changes in the message framing strategy in non-profit advertising suggested and measured by neuromarketing techniques. Particularly we measured the cerebral activity through an electroencephalogram to obtain an Approach-Withdrawal Index (AW); the heart rate and galvanic skin response through different sensors in the palm of one hand, to obtain an Emotional Index (EI), and finally, eye fixations through an eye tracker device to obtain the visual attention on key visual areas of the ads. After these indicators’ recordings on a sample of subjects, some suggestions to modify the advertising were made to create a more effective campaign. The results compared, those elicited by the first version of the spot (LVE) and those by the second version (HVE), confirmed that (1) the number of sellable and legacy calls increased with the message framing strategy modified in the second spot (HVE), (2) a lower cognitive and emotional reactions have been obtained in the final section of HVE, (3) the visual attention on the key information of the phone number to call, in the final call to action frames(CTA), was higher in HVE than in the first version of the spot (LVE), (4) the cognitive approach increased during the same CTA frames in HVE.

The impact of sound experiences on the shopping behaviour of children and their parents

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bertil M L Hultén
Keyword(s):  
Parental Stress ◽  
Marketing Research ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sensory Cues ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Human Voice ◽  
Shopping Behaviour ◽  
Stress Behaviour ◽  
The Impact

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine how the introduction of auditory sensory cues, through a human voice, affect children’s and parent’s shopping behaviour in a retail grocery setting. In the field of retailing and sensory marketing research, there is a paucity of knowledge on how auditory sensory cues impact on consumers’ shopping behaviour. Design/methodology/approach – The empirical study was a field experiment and entailed direct observation of shoppers of the Swedish grocery retailer ICA. The observations were based on a convenience sample of shopping families assigned to a control group (n=200) and an experimental group (n=131). A new innovative Swedish audio story track system was to be tested in a hypermarket containing 13 different stories for children. Findings – Auditory sensory cues affect children’s and parent’s shopping behaviour in a significant way. Children are quieter, more relaxed and do not move around and reduce the parental stress behaviour during the shopping process. Research limitations/implications – The findings demonstrate that auditory sensory cues through human voice have a positive effect on children’s and parent’s shopping behaviour. It is also obvious that parent’s perceived stress is significantly influenced by the children. Practical implications – The study provides guidelines for grocery retailers who wish to offer children and their parents a more pleasant shopping trip by emphasizing the role of the children. Originality/value – The research demonstrates that the introduction of auditory sensory cues through human voice in a significant way affect the children’s and their parent’s shopping behaviour in a retail setting.

scholarly journals Eye-Tracker Study of Influence of Affective Disruptive Content on User’s Visual Attention and Emotional State

Sensors ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 547
Author(s):  
Anna Lewandowska ◽  
Izabela Rejer ◽  
Kamil Bortko ◽  
Jarosław Jankowski
Keyword(s):  
Visual Attention ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Cognitive Process ◽  
Emotional State ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Emotional Content ◽  
Eye Tracker ◽  
Text Reading ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Content

When reading interesting content or searching for information on a website, the appearance of a pop-up advertisement in the middle of the screen is perceived as irritating by a recipient. Interrupted cognitive processes are considered unwanted by the user but desired by advertising providers. Diverting visual attention away from the main content is intended to focus the user on the appeared disruptive content. Is the attempt to reach the user by any means justified? In this study, we examined the impact of pop-up emotional content on user reactions. For this purpose, a cognitive experiment was designed where a text-reading task was interrupted by two types of affective pictures: positive and negative ones. To measure the changes in user reactions, an eye-tracker (for analysis of eye movements and changes in gaze points) and an iMotion Platform (for analysis of face muscles’ movements) were used. The results confirm the impact of the type of emotional content on users’ reactions during cognitive process interruptions and indicate that the negative impact of cognitive process interruptions on the user can be reduced. The negative content evoked lower cognitive load, narrower visual attention, and lower irritation compared to positive content. These results offer insight on how to provide more efficient Internet advertising.

Assessing the impact of a regional UK feline neutering campaign

2018 ◽  
Vol 182 (10) ◽  
pp. 291-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah J Robbins ◽  
Rachel A Casey ◽  
Jane Clements ◽  
Tim Gruffydd-Jones ◽  
Jane K Murray
Keyword(s):  
Population Control ◽  
Control Period ◽  
Postal Questionnaire ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
East Midlands ◽  
Equivalent Control ◽  
June July ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

Neutering is key to feline population control. Neutering campaigns provide education and/or financial assistance to encourage neutering. This study assessed the impact of the Cats Protection East Midlands Neutering Campaign (CPEMNC) on the proportion and ages of cats neutered. The CPEMNC, comprising of an outreach programme and voucher-based subsidised neutering scheme, began in June 2014. A convenience sample of owners who had attended 12 regional veterinary practices to complete a cat vaccination course in June/July 2014, or to have their cat neutered in October 2014 (CAMPAIGN) were compared with an equivalent control period in 2013 (CONTROL). Data collected by postal questionnaire revealed that the proportion of cats neutered by six months of age was significantly higher and the age at neutering significantly lower in the CAMPAIGN (n=134) versus the CONTROL groups (n=100). Results of multivariable logistic regression indicated cats were significantly more likely to be neutered by six months of age if they were in the CAMPAIGN group (OR 2.44) and male (OR 2.17), compared with in the CONTROL group and female. Further work is needed to evaluate factors important for campaign success and to explore the effectiveness of campaigns within the wider community and across the UK.

Sponsorship Information Reception and Processing: Explicit and Implicit Memory of In-Game Advertising

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 935-952 ◽  
Author(s):  
Choong Hoon Lim ◽  
Youngjin Hur ◽  
Song Mi Song
Keyword(s):  
Visual Attention ◽  
Implicit Memory ◽  
Explicit Memory ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Eye Tracker ◽  
Soccer Match ◽  
Dynamic Mechanisms ◽  
Sports Events ◽  
The Impact

Researchers have attempted to identify the impact of sponsors' advertising on spectators at sports events, but it is necessary to understand the dynamic mechanisms of the effect of advertising on signboards at these events. Thus, our primary purpose was to investigate the effects of emotion on spectators' implicit/explicit memory of sponsors' advertising. Further, we examined how visual attention can mediate the effects of emotion on explicit/implicit memory. We asked 81 undergraduates to watch an edited soccer match while wearing an eye tracker in order to examine their visual attention. The results showed that their visual attention to sponsor signage significantly varied as a function of both their pleasure and arousal, and visual attention significantly influenced their explicit memory, but not their implicit memory. We also found a full mediating effect of visual attention between pleasure and explicit memory, and a partial mediating effect of visual attention between arousal and explicit memory. Results are discussed, along with the limitations and scope for future research.

Effect of textual enhancement on idioms

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 258-272
Author(s):  
Patricia Salazar Campillo
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Multiple Choice ◽  
Choice Task ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Intermediate Students ◽  
Textual Enhancement ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Experimental Group

The present study aimed at investigating the impact of textual enhancement on the comprehension of transparent and opaque English idioms among Spanish lower-intermediate students studying English as a foreign language. Two short texts including visually enhanced idioms (i.e., they were underlined) were designed for the Experimental Group, and the Control Group received an unenhanced version of the texts. The results reveal that textual enhancement made transparent idioms salient enough for them to have an impact on comprehension; however, underlining had a poorer effect on comprehension as far as opaque idioms are concerned. In addition, we aimed at examining the effect of textual enhancement on the noticing of idioms. Findings show that it did not have a positive effect on recognition of idioms, since the Control Group outperformed the Experimental Group in the multiple-choice task.

scholarly journals The effect of a repeat septic shock simulation on the knowledge and skill performance of undergraduate nursing students

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Mary Beth R. Maguire ◽  
Anne White ◽  
Jane D. Brannan ◽  
Austin R. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Septic Shock ◽  
Nursing Students ◽  
Clinical Judgment ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Undergraduate Nursing ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Shock Simulation ◽  
The Impact

Background: Prelicensure nursing students possess minimal knowledge and skill to implement sepsis protocols effectively. This article evaluates an educational project to assess the impact of a repeat septic shock simulation on pre-licensure nursing students' knowledge and skill competency. Methods: A quasi-experimental, repeated measures, pre-post design strategy was used to evaluate a repeat septic shock simulation. A convenience sample of one-hundred-forty-three (N = 143) senior baccalaureate nursing students enrolled in the study. The project consisted of a septic shock didactic session, septic shock simulation with a high-fidelity mannequin, debrief, repeat simulation followed by a second debrief as a component of a complex health nursing course. Ninety-seven (n = 97) participants were randomly assigned to groups of up to five students to participate in a repeat septic shock simulation. Forty-six (n = 46) participants were randomly assigned to up to five students and served as a control group. The control group participated in all study elements except the repeat simulation.Results: The percent change in nursing students’ knowledge scores from Pre-simulation to Post-simulation was statistically significant (p < .001). The initial and repeat simulation realized modest gains in competency scores between the initial and repeated simulation.Conclusions: Providing concurrent experiences using a screening tool in real-time while simultaneously providing an opportunity to practice and refine clinical judgment through a repeat simulation proved effective.

scholarly journals The comparative effect of group dynamic assessment (GDA) and computerized dynamic assessment (C-DA) on Iranian upper-intermediate EFL learners’ speaking complexity, accuracy, and fluency (CAF)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Behnoosh Heshmat Ghahderijani ◽  
Ehsan Namaziandost ◽  
Mona Tavakoli ◽  
Tribhuwan Kumar ◽  
Rustem Magizov
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Assessment ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Interactive Approach ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Efl Learners ◽  
Static Assessment ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Conventional Models ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThis study attempted to check the impact of two dynamic assessment (DA) models on speaking CAF. DA, as opposed to static assessment, is conceived as an interactive approach to assessment that integrates teaching and testing into a unified instructional engagement. To achieve the goals of this research, a convenience sample of 90 upper-intermediate male EFL learners that were randomly assigned into GDA, a C-DA, and a non-DA control group participated in the study. Before carrying out the treatment, a speaking pretest was administered to all three groups and their CAF scores were collected. Following that, the treatment using the aforementioned DA and non-DA conventional models was completed in 16 sessions. To check the impact of the treatment, a speaking post-test was given to the groups at the end of the study. Data analysis using ANOVA showed that C-DA and G-DA could significantly increase speaking CAF than the conventional non-DA instruction with C-DA being significantly better than G-DA. The results of this research propose that implementing DA, especially C-DA by the teachers, can enhance the speaking CAF of the L2 learners.

Assessing distractibility by eye movements in a binocular rivalry task

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 263-263
Author(s):  
J.A. Amador Campos ◽  
A. Aznar Casanova ◽  
J.J. Ortiz Guerra ◽  
A. Medina Peña ◽  
S.C. Solarte Hurtado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Attention ◽  
Binocular Rivalry ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Adhd Group ◽  
Eye Tracker ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Attention Disorders ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Areas Of Interest ◽  
And Control

IntroductionAttention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurobehavioral disorder, characterized by developmentally inappropriate levels of overactivity, inattention and impulsivity. Measuring inattention is a controversial question in ADHD diagnosis. Eye movement could provide a method to assess distractibility. Several studies have related visual attention and perceptual dominance in binocular rivalry.ObjectivesTo assess visual attention through the measurement of fixations in a binocular rivalry task in ADHD children and control groups.AimsWe proposed a task for the assessment of distractibility and to enhance the diagnosis of attention disorders.MethodsForty children, 20 with ADHD-combined type and 20 controls, matched by gender, age and intelligence, were tested with a binocular rivalry task (i.e. an anaglyph image) with an exogenous distractor appearing regularly. The stimulus was divided in four Areas of Interest (AOI). Measurements of duration of the periods of exclusive dominance, perceptual alternations in dominance / suppression and fixations were taken by an eye tracker and a response box. Analysis of Variance was used to test differences between ADHD and control groups.ResultsSignificant differences between ADHD and control groups were found in dwells at the main AOI. Also, significant differences between groups in “Fixation over alternations ratio” were found.ConclusionsADHD participants looked at the relevant region (AOI_1) for a shorter time than the control group; they also looked at the no demanded regions (AOI_2, AOI_3, AOI_4) longer than the control group. Moreover, the ratio fixations/alternations were greater for the control group than the ADHD group.

scholarly journals Interest in Illicit Purchase of Cigarettes Under a Very Low Nicotine Content Product Standard

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S128-S132
Author(s):  
Marissa G Hall ◽  
M Justin Byron ◽  
Noel T Brewer ◽  
Seth M Noar ◽  
Kurt M Ribisl
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Information Control ◽  
Street Vendor ◽  
Indian Reservation ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Nicotine Content ◽  
Product Standard ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Significance The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is considering a very low nicotine content (VLNC) product standard to substantially reduce nicotine in cigarettes. We examined whether learning about a potential VLNC standard increased smokers’ interest in illicit purchases of cigarettes with regular nicotine content if such a standard were adopted. Methods Participants were a national convenience sample of 1712 US adult smokers. In an online experiment, we randomly assigned smokers to view information about a new VLNC standard (experimental condition) or no information (control condition). The experimental condition explained that a VLNC standard would remove 95% of the nicotine in cigarettes and would require stores to only sell VLNC cigarettes. Then, the survey assessed smokers’ interest in purchasing regular cigarettes from three illicit sources. Results Smokers who learned about the VLNC standard were more likely to be very or extremely interested in purchasing regular cigarettes illicitly from a Web site compared to smokers in the control group (24% vs. 16%, p &lt; .001). They were also more interested in illicitly buying cigarettes from a street vendor (19% vs. 13%, p &lt; .001) and a store on an Indian reservation (28% vs. 22%, p &lt; .05), compared to the control. The impact of learning about the VLNC standard on interest in illicit purchases did not differ by smoking frequency or current e-cigarette use. Conclusions A VLNC standard could increase smokers’ interest in illicit purchases of regular nicotine cigarettes. To prevent VLNC-induced illicit trade from undermining public health, FDA should consider proven measures such as track and trace for these products. Implications Little is known about how a VLNC cigarette standard would affect consumer interest in regular content cigarettes purchased from illicit sources (eg, the Internet). We found that smokers informed about a potential VLNC product standard had greater interest in illicit cigarette purchases, compared to controls. This suggests the importance of proactive measures accompanying a VLNC standard, such as track-and-trace cigarette packaging regulations and communication campaigns, in order to maximize the standard’s public health impact.

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