scholarly journals Functional dentition and changes in dietary patterns among older adults in Thailand

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Piyada Gaewkhiew ◽  
Wael Sabbah ◽  
Eduardo Bernabé
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
Retention Rate ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Functional Dentition ◽  
Diet Intake ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors

Abstract Objective: To investigate the relationship between functional dentition (FD) and changes in dietary patterns (DP) in older adults. Design: This was a 12-month prospective study, with dental examinations at baseline and questionnaires at baseline and follow-up. Dentition was classified as FD (containing ≥10 occlusal contacts), non-FD with dentures and non-FD without dentures. A 154-item FFQ assessed dietary intake in the previous month. Food items (servings/d) were combined into twenty-two food groups based on their similar nutrient profile, culinary use and previous studies in Thailand. DP were identified through factor analysis of baseline intake and applied scores were used to estimate changes in DP scores. The association between baseline FD (exposure) and change in each DP score (outcome) was tested in linear regression models adjusting for baseline socio-demographic factors, behaviours, chronic conditions, medications, total energy intake and DP score. Setting: Phetchaburi, Thailand. Participants: Totally, 788 community dwellers aged ≥ 60 years. Results: In total, 651 participants were retained after 12 months (82·6 % retention rate), of whom 14·1 % had FD. Having an FD was positively associated with larger increases in vegetable intake. Three DP were identified. Participants with FD had larger increases in healthy (0·13; 95 % CI: −0·13, 0·39) and carbohydrate-rich diets intake (0·12; 95 % CI: −0·17, 0·40) as well as larger reductions in meat-rich diet intake (−0·12; 95 % CI: −0·45, 0·21) than those with neither FD nor dentures. However, these differences were not significant. Conclusion: There was little support for an association between baseline FD and changes in DP.

scholarly journals Functional Dentition and 12-Month Changes in Body Measurements among Thai Older Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 4200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piyada Gaewkhiew ◽  
Wael Sabbah ◽  
Eduardo Bernabé
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Retention Rate ◽  
Skinfold Thickness ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Body Measurements ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Functional Dentition ◽  
Triceps Skinfold Thickness

This study evaluated the association of functional dentition with 12-month changes in body measurements and nutrient intake among older adults. Data from 651 community dwellers, aged 60 years and over, in Phetchaburi, Thailand, were analysed (retention rate: 83%). Data were collected via interviews (including a semi-structured food frequency questionnaire), anthropometric measurements and dental examinations. Associations were tested in linear regression models adjusted for baseline sociodemographic factors, behaviours, chronic conditions and medications. On average, participants experienced a significant increase in body mass index (BMI) and significant decreases in waist circumference (WC) and triceps skinfold thickness (TSF). A negative, albeit not significant, association between functional dentition and change in BMI was observed after adjusting for confounders. Whilst participants who had non-functional dentition without dentures experienced increases in BMI (predicted mean change: 0.25; 95% Confidence Interval: 0.09, 0.41), those who had non-functional dentition with dentures (0.21; 95%CI: −0.08, 0.50) and functional dentition (−0.07; 95%CI: −0.42, 0.28) remained stable. No similar trends were noted for WC or TSF. Functional dentition was not associated with changes in nutrient intake either. The findings provide little evidence on the association of functional dentition with short-term changes in nutrient intake or nutritional status.

Relationship Between Mental Health, Resilience, and Physical Activity in Older Adults: A 2-Year Longitudinal Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Maria Priscila Wermelinger Ávila ◽  
Jimilly Caputo Corrêa ◽  
Alessandra Lamas Granero Lucchetti ◽  
Giancarlo Lucchetti
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Effective Interventions ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of this study was to longitudinally investigate the association between resilience and mental health in older adults and to determine the influence of physical activity on this relationship. A total of 291 older adults were included in a 2-year follow-up study. Adjusted linear regression models evaluated the association between resilience at baseline and mental health after 2 years in sufficiently and insufficiently physically active older adults. A negative correlation was found between resilience at baseline and depression, anxiety, and stress after 2 years for the overall sample. This association changed after stratifying the group. Sufficiently physically active individuals made greater use of the resilience components “Self-Sufficiency” and “Perseverance,” whereas insufficiently physically active individuals made greater use of “Meaning of Life” and “Existential Singularity.” Physical activity can influence the relationship between resilience and mental health. These results can help guide the devising of more effective interventions for this age group.

scholarly journals Impact of a nutrition award scheme on the food and nutrient intakes of 2- to 4-year-olds attending long day care

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (14) ◽  
pp. 2634-2642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucinda K Bell ◽  
Gilly A Hendrie ◽  
Jo Hartley ◽  
Rebecca K Golley
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Day Care ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
Critical Time ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Nutrient Intakes ◽  
Long Day ◽  
Award Scheme

AbstractObjectiveEarly childhood settings are promising avenues to intervene to improve children’s nutrition. Previous research has shown that a nutrition award scheme, Start Right – Eat Right (SRER), improves long day care centre policies, menus and eating environments. Whether this translates into improvements in children’s dietary intake is unknown. The present study aimed to determine whether SRER improves children’s food and nutrient intakes.DesignPre–post cohort study.SettingTwenty long day care centres in metropolitan Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.SubjectsChildren aged 2–4 years (n 236 at baseline, n 232 at follow-up).MethodsDietary intake (morning tea, lunch, afternoon tea) was assessed pre- and post-SRER implementation using the plate wastage method. Centre nutrition policies, menus and environments were evaluated as measures of intervention fidelity. Comparisons between baseline and follow-up were made using t tests.ResultsAt follow-up, 80 % of centres were fully compliant with the SRER award criteria, indicating high scheme implementation and adoption. Intake increased for all core food groups (range: 0·2–0·4 servings/d, P<0·001) except for vegetable intake. Energy intake increased and improvements in intakes of eleven out of the nineteen nutrients evaluated were observed.ConclusionsSRER is effective in improving children’s food and nutrient intakes at a critical time point when dietary habits and preferences are established and can inform future public health nutrition interventions in this setting.

scholarly journals Older Adults’ Worry about COVID-19: Associations with Experiences of COVID-19 Among Social Connections

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 744-744
Author(s):  
Amanda Leggett ◽  
Hyun Jung Koo ◽  
Lindsay Kobayashi ◽  
Jessica Finlay ◽  
Hannah Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Social Connections ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Higher Educational Attainment

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic has challenged the physical and mental health of older adults, yet it is unknown how much older adults worry about their own exposure. As older adults are at increased risk for severe complications from COVID-19, understanding patterns of worry may inform public health guidelines and interventions for this age group. We investigated older adults’ worry about COVID-19 in the early months of the pandemic and associations with familial/friend’s diagnosis or disease symptoms. Data comes from the baseline (April/May 2020), one-month, and two-month follow-up surveys from the COVID-19 Coping Study, a national longitudinal cohort study of US adults aged ≥55. We used linear regression models to investigate the association between self-reported familial/friend diagnosis or symptoms with pandemic worry, accounting for demographic factors and individual diagnosis or experience of COVID-19 symptoms. Participants (Baseline=4379, 1 month= 2553, 2 month=2682) were 67 years old on average, 72% were female, 5.7% were non-White, and 80.5% had a college degree. At baseline, 26.6% of participants had friends or family who had been diagnosed or experienced symptoms of COVID-19. Having friends or family diagnosed or with symptoms of COVID-19 (B=0.08, SE=0.04, p&lt;.05), being female (B=0.42, SE=0.03, p&lt;.001), and having higher educational attainment (B=0.06, SE=0.02, p&lt;.001) were significantly associated with greater worry about COVID-19. These associations were consistent over 3 months. Understanding if worry about the pandemic correlates with following public health guidelines is a key next step so intervention strategies can prioritize older adults and their social networks.

scholarly journals Risk Factors for Cognitive Decline in Older Adults in Puerto Rico: Assessing Bias From Sample Attrition

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 188-188
Author(s):  
Brian Downer ◽  
Caitlin Pope ◽  
Tyler Bell ◽  
Sadaf Milani ◽  
Ross Andel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Puerto Rican ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Current Smoker ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Sample Attrition

Abstract Many risk factors for cognitive decline are associated with mortality and are common among older adults who cannot complete a survey interview. Our objective was to compare analyses of risk factors for cognitive decline among older adults in Puerto Rico with and without accounting for sample attrition. Data came from the Puerto Rican Elderly: Health Conditions Study. Our sample included 3,437 participants interviewed in 2002/03. Cognitive function was measured using the Mini-Mental Caban (MMC). The outcome was the change in MMC score between 2002/03 and 2006/07. Logistic regression was used to estimate inverse probability weights for being interviewed in 2006/07 (n=3,028) and completing the MMC at follow-up (n=2,601). Linear regression models were used to assess the association between stroke, hypertension, diabetes, smoking status, and cognitive decline with and without the IPWs. In the unweighted analysis, stroke was associated with a significantly greater decline in cognition (b=-0.62, standard error [SE]=0.30, p=0.04). Hypertension (b=-0.02, SE=0.12, p=0.84), diabetes (b=-0.22, SE=0.13, p=0.10) and being a current (b=0.05, SE=0.22, p=0.84) or former smoker (b=0.05, SE=0.14, 0.74) were not associated with cognitive decline in the unweighted analysis. The results were similar when including the IPW for mortality (stroke b=-0.63; hypertension b=-0.03; diabetes: b=-0.20; current smoker: b=0.08; former smoker: b=0.07) and having completed the MMC at follow-up (stroke b=-0.58; hypertension b=-0.03; diabetes: b=-0.20; current smoker: b=0.03; former smoker: b=0.09). These findings indicate that stroke is a risk factor for cognitive decline among older Puerto Rican adults even after accounting for selective attrition.

scholarly journals Factor analysis in the identification of dietary patterns and their predictive role in morbid and fatal events

2011 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 1232-1239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Menotti ◽  
Adalberta Alberti-Fidanza ◽  
Flaminio Fidanza ◽  
Mariapaola Lanti ◽  
Daniela Fruttini
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Rural Villages ◽  
Dietary History ◽  
Health And Disease

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose was to examine the role of dietary patterns derived from factor analysis and their association with health and disease.DesignLongitudinal population study, with measurement of diet (dietary history method), cardiovascular risk factors and a follow-up of 20 years for CHD incidence and 40 years for mortality.SettingTwo population samples in rural villages in northern and central Italy.SubjectsMen (n 1221) aged 45–64 years were examined and followed up.ResultsOne of the factors identified with factor analysis, run on seventeen food groups, was converted into a factor score (Factor 2 score) and used as a possible predictor of morbid and fatal events. High values of Factor 2 score were characterized by higher consumption of bread, cereals (pasta), potatoes, vegetables, fish and oil and by lower consumption of milk, sugar, fruit and alcoholic beverages. In multivariate analysis, Factor 2 score (mean 0·0061; sd 1·3750) was inversely and significantly associated (hazard ratio for a 1 sd increase; 95% CI) with 20-year CHD incidence (0·88; 0·73, 0·96) and 40-year mortality from CHD (0·79; 0·66, 0·95), CVD (0·87; 0·78, 0·96), cancer (0·84; 0·74, 0·96) and all causes (0·89; 0·83, 0·96), after adjustment for five other risk factors. Men in quintile 5 of Factor 2 score had a 4·1 years longer life expectancy compared with men in quintile 1.ConclusionsA dietary pattern derived from factor analysis, and resembling the characteristics of the Mediterranean diet, was protective for the occurrence of various morbid and fatal events during 40 years of follow-up.

scholarly journals Associations between residential food environment and dietary patterns in urban-dwelling older adults: results from the VoisiNuAge study

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 2026-2039 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geneviève Mercille ◽  
Lucie Richard ◽  
Lise Gauvin ◽  
Yan Kestens ◽  
Bryna Shatenstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Food Environment ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Food Source ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Food Stores ◽  
Food Outlets ◽  
Healthful Food

AbstractObjectiveTo examine associations between the availability of residential-area food sources and dietary patterns among seniors.DesignCross-sectional analyses. Individual-level data from the NuAge study on nutrition and healthy ageing were merged with geographic information system data on food store availability and area-level social composition. Two dietary patterns reflecting lower- and higher-quality diets (respectively designated ‘western’ and ‘prudent’) were identified from FFQ data. Two food source relative availability measures were calculated for a 500 m road-network buffer around participants’ homes: (i) proportion of fast-food outlets (%FFO) relative to all restaurants and (ii) proportion of stores potentially selling healthful foods (%HFS, healthful food stores) relative to all food stores. Associations between dietary patterns and food source exposure were tested in linear regression models accounting for individual (health and sociodemographic) and area-level (socio-economic and ethnicity) covariates.SettingMontréal metropolitan area, Canada.SubjectsUrban-dwelling older adults (n 751), aged 68 to 84 years.Results%FFO was inversely associated with prudent diet (β = −0·105; P < 0·05) and this association remained statistically significant in models accounting for %HFS. %HFS was inversely associated with lower western diet scores (β = −0·124; P < 0·01). This latter association no longer reached significance once models were adjusted for area-level covariates.ConclusionsIn Montréal, the food environment is related to the diet of older adults but these links are more complex than straightforward. The absence of significant relationships between healthful food stores and prudent diets, and between fast-food outlets and western diets, deserves further investigation.

scholarly journals Dietary intakes of fats, fish and nuts and olfactory impairment in older adults

2015 ◽  
Vol 114 (2) ◽  
pp. 240-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bamini Gopinath ◽  
Carolyn M. Sue ◽  
Victoria M. Flood ◽  
George Burlutsky ◽  
Paul Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Lifestyle Modifications ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Confounding Variables ◽  
Olfactory Impairment ◽  
Sectional Analysis ◽  
Dietary Data

It is unclear whether lifestyle modifications, such as dietary changes, should be advocated to prevent olfactory dysfunction. We investigated the association between dietary intakes of fats (saturated, mono-unsaturated and polyunsaturated fats, and cholesterol) and related food groups (nuts, fish, butter, margarine) with olfactory impairment. There were 1331 and 667 participants (older than 60 years) at baseline and 5-year follow-up, respectively, with complete olfaction and dietary data. Dietary data were collected using a validated semi-quantitative FFQ. Olfaction was measured using the San Diego Odor Identification Test. In a cross-sectional analysis of baseline data, those in the highest v. lowest quartile of n-6 PUFA intake had reduced odds of having any olfactory impairment, multivariable-adjusted OR 0·66 (95 % CI 0·44, 0·97), P for trend = 0·06. Participants in the highest v. lowest quartile of margarine consumption had a 65 % reduced odds of having moderate/severe olfactory impairment (P for trend = 0·02). Participants in the highest quartile compared to the lowest quartile (reference) of nut consumption had a 46 % (P for trend = 0·01) and 58 % (P for trend = 0·001) reduced odds of having any or mild olfactory impairment, respectively. Older adults in the highest v. lowest quartile of fish consumption had 35 % (P for trend = 0·03) and 50 % (P for trend = 0·01) reduced likelihood of having any or mild olfactory impairment, respectively. In longitudinal analyses, a marginally significant association was observed between nut consumption and incidence of any olfactory impairment, highest v. lowest quartile of nut consumption: OR 0·61 (95 % CI 0·37, 1·00). Older adults with the highest consumption of nuts and fish had reduced odds of olfactory impairment, independent of potential confounding variables.

scholarly journals Dietary Patterns and Cognition in US Older Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 29-29
Author(s):  
Yian Gu ◽  
Jing Guo ◽  
Alanna Moshfegh
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Sex Education ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Digit Symbol Substitution Test ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Annual Household Income ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Nationally Representative

Abstract Objectives Community-based population cohort studies found that following healthy dietary patterns is protective against cognitive decline in older adults. The current study aims to confirm the associations in nationally representative samples. Methods The current cross-sectional study included 2864 participants (≥60 years) of National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011–2014 who completed both dietary and cognitive assessments. Self-reported dietary intake was collected by trained interviewers using the USDA's Automated Multiple-Pass Method in two nonconsecutive 24-hour dietary recalls. Mediterranean-type Diet (MeDi) and Healthy Eating Index 2015 (HEI15) scores were estimated from the mean intakes of the two diet recalls. Cognitive function was measured by the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's disease Word Learning sub-test (WL), Animal Fluency test (AF), and Digit Symbol Substitution test (DSST). Age, sex, race/ethnicity adjusted z-scores were calculated for three cognitive scores, which were then averaged to get a composite cognitive score. Linear regression models were applied to examine the associations of diet and cognition, adjusted for age, sex, education, race/ethnicity, caloric intake, survey cycles, and annual household income. Results MeDi and HEI2015 were associated with 0.028 (95% CI = 0.004–0.05; P = 0.023) and 0.004 (0.0002–0.007; P = 0.038) higher mean cognitive z-score, respectively. Compared to the lowest tertile of MeDi, the highest tertile of MeDi was associated with 0.141 (95% CI = 0.029–0.253, P = 0.015; p-trend = 0.016) higher mean cognitive z-score. Compared to the lowest tertile, the highest MeDi tertile was associated with 1.001 (0.161–1.840, 0.021; 0.021), 1.05 (0.227–1.875, 0.014; 0.015) and 3.02 (1.004–5.027, 0.005; 0.004) higher WL, AF, and DSST, respectively, and the highest HEI15 tertile was associated with 0.827 (0.154–1.499, 0.018; 0.018) higher AF. The effect size of the highest compared to the lowest tertile of dietary score was approximately equivalent to 3–4 less years of aging. Conclusions Following a healthy diet is associated with better cognitive performance in a nationally representative sample of older adults. Funding Sources The current study was supported by grants from National Institution on Aging.

scholarly journals Diet and risk of glioma: combined analysis of 3 large prospective studies in the UK and USA

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 944-952 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ai Seon Kuan ◽  
Jane Green ◽  
Cari M Kitahara ◽  
Amy Berrington De González ◽  
Tim Key ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Prospective Studies ◽  
Statistical Power ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Relative Risks ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Uk

Abstract Background Available evidence on diet and glioma risk comes mainly from studies with retrospective collection of dietary data. To minimize possible differential dietary recall between those with and without glioma, we present findings from 3 large prospective studies. Methods Participants included 692 176 from the UK Million Women Study, 470 780 from the US National Institutes of Health–AARP study, and 99 148 from the US Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial. Cox regression yielded study-specific adjusted relative risks for glioma in relation to 15 food groups, 14 nutrients, and 3 dietary patterns, which were combined, weighted by inverse variances of the relative risks. Separate analyses by <5 and ≥5 years follow-up assessed potential biases related to changes of diet before glioma diagnosis. Results The 1 262 104 participants (mean age, 60.6 y [SD 5.5] at baseline) were followed for 15.4 million person-years (mean 12.2 y/participant), during which 2313 incident gliomas occurred, at mean age 68.2 (SD 6.4). Overall, there was weak evidence for increased glioma risks associated with increasing intakes of total fruit, citrus fruit, and fiber and healthy dietary patterns, but these associations were generally null after excluding the first 5 years of follow-up. There was little evidence for heterogeneity of results by study or by sex. Conclusions The largest prospective evidence to date suggests little, if any, association between major food groups, nutrients, or common healthy dietary patterns and glioma incidence. With the statistical power of this study and the comprehensive nature of the investigation here, it seems unlikely we have overlooked major effects of diet on risk of glioma that would be of public health concern.

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