scholarly journals Have socio-economic inequalities in sugar purchasing widened? A longitudinal analysis of food and beverage consumer data from British households, 2014–2017

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Nicolas Berger ◽  
Steven Cummins ◽  
Richard D Smith ◽  
Laura Cornelsen
Keyword(s):  
Panel Study ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Food And Beverages ◽  
Sweetened Beverages ◽  
Food And Beverage ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Economic Inequalities

Abstract Objective: To examine socio-economic inequalities in decreases in household sugar purchasing in Great Britain (GB). Design: Longitudinal, population-based study. Setting: Data were obtained from the GB Kantar Fast-Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) panel (2014–2017), a nationally representative panel study of food and beverages bought and brought into the home. We estimated changes in daily sugar purchases by occupational social grade from twenty-three food groups, using generalised estimating equations (household-level clustering). Participants: British households who regularly reported food and beverages to the GB Kantar FMCG (n 28 033). Results: We found that lower social grades obtained a lower proportion of sugar from healthier foods and a greater proportion of sugar from less healthy foods and beverages. In 2014, differences in daily sugar purchased between the lowest and the highest social grades were 3·9 g/capita/d (95 % CI 2·9, 4·8) for table sugar, 2·4 g (95 % CI 1·8, 3·1) for sugar-sweetened beverages, 2·2 g (95 % CI 1·5, 2·8) for chocolate and confectionery and 1·0 g (95 % CI 0·7, 1·3) for biscuits. Conversely, the lowest social grade purchased less sugar from fruits (2·1 g (95 % CI 1·5, 2·8)) and vegetables (0·7 g (95 % CI 0·5, 0·8)) than the highest social grade. We found little evidence of change in social grade differences between 2014 and 2017. These results suggest that recent overall declines in sugar purchases are largely equally distributed across socio-economic groups. Conclusions: This suggests that recent population-level policy activity to reduce sugar consumption in GB does not appear to exacerbate or reduce existing socio-economic inequalities in sugar purchasing. Low agency, population-level policies may be the best solution to improving population diet without increasing inequalities.

scholarly journals Differences in the Quantity and Types of Foods and Beverages Consumed by Canadians between 2004 and 2015

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Tugault-Lafleur ◽  
Jennifer Black
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Sweetened Beverages ◽  
Daily Energy ◽  
Food And Beverage ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Dark Green ◽  
Food Consumed

This study examined differences in food and beverage intake estimated from nationally representative surveys of Canadians in 2004 and 2015 collected through the Canadian Community Health Surveys. Differences in mean daily energy intake and amounts of food consumed were compared between 2004 and 2015 and across age groups for all energy reporters (aged 2 years+) and among only plausible energy reporters. From 2004 to 2015, mean energy intake decreased by 228 kcal/day (all energy reporters) and 74 kcal/day (plausible energy reporters). Canadians reported consuming more daily servings of meat and alternatives but fewer servings of vegetables and fruit and milk and alternatives in 2015 compared to 2004. Analyses of food subgroups revealed that Canadians reported consuming more daily servings of dark green and orange vegetables, dairy products, legumes, nuts and seeds, and eggs but fewer servings of potatoes, other vegetables, fruit juices, fluid milk, and sugar-sweetened beverages in 2015 compared to 2004. While some aspects of the Canadian diet have improved, daily mean intake of other nutritious foods either stagnated or worsened over time. Continued attention is needed to improve population-level intakes of vegetables, fruit, whole grains, and protein foods such as legumes, nuts, seeds, and lower fat dairy products.

scholarly journals Ultra-processed food consumption in Barbados: evidence from a nationally representative, cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel M. Harris ◽  
Angela M. C. Rose ◽  
Suzanne Soares-Wynter ◽  
Nigel Unwin
Keyword(s):  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Sweetened Beverages ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Nationally Representative

Abstract Our objective was to describe, for the first time in an English-speaking Caribbean country, the contribution of ultra-processed foods (UPFs) to nutrients linked to non-communicable disease. Using a cross-sectional study design, dietary data were collected from two non-consecutive 24-h dietary recalls. Recorded food items were then classified according to their degree of processing by the NOVA system. The present study took place in Barbados (2012–13). A representative population-based sample of 364 adult Barbadians (161 males and 203 females) aged 25–64 years participated in the study. UPFs represented 40⋅5 % (838 kcal/d; 95 % CI 791, 885) of mean energy intake. Sugar-sweetened beverages made the largest contribution to energy within the UPF category. Younger persons (25–44 years) consumed a significantly higher proportion of calories from UPF (NOVA group 4) compared with older persons (45–64 years). The mean energy shares of UPF ranged from 22⋅0 to 58⋅9 % for those in the lowest tertile to highest tertile. Within each tertile, the energy contribution was significantly higher in the younger age group (25–44 years) compared with the older (45–64 years). One-quarter of persons consume ≥50 % of their daily calories from UPF, this being significantly higher in younger persons. The ultra-processed diet fraction contained about six times the mean of free sugars and about 0⋅8 times the dietary fibre of the non-ultra-processed fraction (NOVA groups 1–3). Targeted interventions to decrease the consumption of UPF especially in younger persons is thus of high priority to improve the diet quality of Barbadians.

Individual-, household- and neighbourhood-level characteristics associated with life satisfaction: A multilevel analysis of a population-based sample from Hong Kong

Urban Studies ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (16) ◽  
pp. 3700-3717 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chia-Yueh Hsu ◽  
Shu-Sen Chang ◽  
Paul Yip
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
Social Dynamics ◽  
Multilevel Models ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Poverty Rate ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Neighbourhood Level ◽  
Individual Household

We examined the relationships between individuals’ life satisfaction and individual-, household- and neighbourhood-level characteristics and evidence for cross-level interactions. We used data on individuals’ life satisfaction and a range of individual- and household-level characteristics from the Hong Kong Panel Study of Social Dynamics (2011) with linkage to neighbourhood-level aggregated data extracted from the 2011 census. The neighbourhood-level variables included the poverty rate and four factors derived from factor analysis based on 21 variables. Multilevel models were used to allow for the hierarchical nature of the data. Most of the variance in life satisfaction could be explained by individual- and household-level characteristics. Neighbourhood-level characteristics accounted for a small proportion (around 5% or less) of the variance. Most of the individual- and household-level characteristics studied were associated with life satisfaction. Life satisfaction was negatively associated with local poverty rate and three neighbourhood factors (deprivation, social fragmentation and ageing). There was evidence of cross-level interactions. For example, the level of life satisfaction decreased with an increasing neighbourhood poverty rate among individuals who did not receive Comprehensive Social Security Assistance (CSSA), but CSSA recipients had a higher level of life satisfaction in areas with higher poverty rates. The negative effect of neighbourhood poverty on life satisfaction was more marked in individuals who rented or owned their homes than in those who lived in public housing. Our results have implications for urban policies that may improve life satisfaction such as financial and housing support for high risk individuals.

scholarly journals Getting the food list ‘right’: an approach for the development of nutrition-relevant food lists for household consumption and expenditure surveys

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 246-256
Author(s):  
Winnie Bell ◽  
Jennifer C Coates ◽  
Beatrice L Rogers ◽  
Odilia I Bermudez
Keyword(s):  
Stepwise Regression ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Household Consumption ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Dietary Recall ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Rural Bangladesh ◽  
Contribution Analysis ◽  
Recall Data ◽  
Nationally Representative

AbstractObjectiveThe present paper aimed to demonstrate how 24 h dietary recall data can be used to generate a nutrition-relevant food list for household consumption and expenditure surveys (HCES) using contribution analysis and stepwise regression.DesignThe analysis used data from the 2011/12 Bangladesh Integrated Household Survey (BIHS), which is nationally representative of rural Bangladesh. A total of 325 primary sampling units (PSU=village) were surveyed through a two-stage stratified sampling approach. The household food consumption module used for the analysis consisted of a 24 h open dietary recall in which the female member in charge of preparing and serving food was asked about foods and quantities consumed by the whole household.SettingRural Bangladesh.ParticipantsA total of 6500 households.ResultsThe original 24 h open dietary recall data in the BIHS were comprised of 288 individual foods that were grouped into ninety-four similar food groups. Contribution analysis and stepwise regression were based on nutrients of public health interest in Bangladesh (energy, protein, fat, Fe, Zn, vitamin A). These steps revealed that a list of fifty-nine food items captures approximately 90 % of the total intake and up to 90 % of the between-person variation for the key nutrients based on the diets of the population.ConclusionsThe study illustrates how 24 h open dietary recall data can be used to generate a country-specific nutrition-relevant food list that could be integrated into an HCES consumption module to enable more accurate and comprehensive household-level food and nutrient analyses.

scholarly journals Depression and Nicotine Withdrawal Associations with Combustible and Electronic Cigarette Use

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (24) ◽  
pp. 9334
Author(s):  
Michele L. Pergadia ◽  
John W. Newcomer ◽  
David G. Gilbert
Keyword(s):  
Population Level ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
Nicotine Withdrawal ◽  
Electronic Cigarette ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Dsm V ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Relationship

Depression is a risk factor for nicotine use and withdrawal. Population level epidemiologic studies that include users of either combustible or electronic cigarette (NICUSER) could inform interventions to reduce nicotine dependence in vulnerable populations. The current study examined the relationship between depression diagnosis (DEPDX), NICUSER, and lifetime rates of DSM-V nicotine withdrawal (NW) symptoms in a nationally representative sample of US adults (N = 979), who answered related questions in surveys administered through GfK’s KnowledgePanel. Over 42% of the sample reported lifetime ever combustible cigarette use, 15.6% electronic-cigarette use, and 45.9% either (NICUSER). Weighted logistic regression analyses (controlling for age and gender) found that DEPDX was associated with 2.3 times increased odds (ratio (OR); 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.5–3.5) of being a NICUSER. Regarding risks of NW symptoms among NICUSER, models that additionally controlled for frequency of nicotine use found that DEPDX was significantly associated with increased odds of concentration problems (OR = 2.4; 95% CI: 1.3–4.5) and depressed mood (OR = 2.2; 95% CI: 1.1–4.1) when quitting or cutting down on nicotine use. Results highlight the consistent comorbidity between depression, nicotine use, and symptomatic nicotine withdrawal in a population-based sample of combustible and electronic cigarette users.

scholarly journals Development of a Diet Quality Questionnaire for Improved Measurement of Dietary Diversity and Other Diet Quality Indicators (P13-018-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Herforth ◽  
Euridice Martínez-Steele ◽  
Giovanna Calixto ◽  
Isabela Sattamini ◽  
Deborah Olarte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
The United States ◽  
Food Group ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Global Alliance ◽  
Food And Beverage ◽  
Nationally Representative

Abstract Objectives The objective of this research was to develop and test a low-burden method to gather diet quality data that is comparable across countries, consistently implemented, and easily understood by respondents. A common method for collecting dietary diversity data consists of open-ended food group questions, e.g., Yesterday, did you eat any porridge, bread, rice, pastaor otherfoods made from grains? Our hypotheses were (1) the majority of consumption of each food group could be represented by a few foods in each country setting (sentinel foods); (2) respondents who did not eat the listed examples might misclassify other foods they ate as belonging to the same food group. We sought to refine the method by modifying each question to be closed-ended. Methods We developed a 26-item diet quality questionnaire (DQ-Q), where each yes/no question asks about consumption of a distinct food group in the previous day or night. We tested the first hypothesis using 24-hour nationally representative dietary intake data from Brazil (Individual Food Intake Survey 2008–2009) and the United States (NHANES 2009–2014). We categorized each food and beverage item into the 26 food groups of the DQ-Q, and identified the most commonly consumed foods in each. Individuals were categorized according to whether they had consumed at least one item in each food group (1) or not (0). We tested the second hypothesis through 82 cognitive interviews in five languages São Paulo and New York City, in which we compared responses to closed-ended sentinel food questions to open-ended food group questions. Results On average, 1–7 sentinel foods captured 96–97% of people who consumed each food group (range 85–100%). Respondents in both countries sometimes miscategorized foods when asked open-ended food group questions, and open-ended questions presented an additional cognitive burden. The DQ-Q took 3–5 minutes to administer. Conclusions The DQ-Q is a rapid low-burden method to collect diet quality data. Closed-ended questions using sentinel foods capture the vast majority of consumption and are better understood by respondents than open-ended list-based methods, for measuring dietary diversity and other aspects of diet related to NCD risk. Funding Sources Funding for this work was provided by the Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition (GAIN) and the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC).

scholarly journals Risk and Protective Factors for the Onset of Cognitive Impairment in Korea: A 10-Year Longitudinal Panel Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 769-776
Author(s):  
Yujin Kim
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Protective Factors ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cognitively Normal ◽  
Exercise Participation ◽  
Modifiable Factors ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Observation Period

Objective This study aimed to examine the associations between multiple modifiable risk/protective factors and the onset of cognitive impairment, using nationally representative panel data spanning 10 years.Methods A total of 7,568 respondents who were cognitively normal at baseline were included and followed up for 10 years using data from the 2006–2016 Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing. The data were converted into 28,113 person-year observations, and a life table approach and a series of event history models were used to estimate the transition rates to cognitive impairment over time and to examine the influence of time-varying factors on the onset of cognitive impairment. Cognitive impairment was measured using the Korean version of the Mini-Mental State Exam.Results About half of the respondents without cognitive impairment at baseline had experienced cognitive impairment by the end of the last interview, and women were more likely than men to experience cognitive impairment during the observation period. Vascular risk factors, hearing loss, socioeconomic status, regular exercise, participation in social activities, and frequent contact with close friends were significantly associated with the onset of cognitive impairment.Conclusion This investigation of modifiable factors for cognitive impairment using population-based data may lead to the identification of preventive strategies that people could integrate into their lifestyles.

scholarly journals Prevalence of frailty in 62 countries across the world: a systematic review and meta-analysis of population-level studies

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rónán O’Caoimh ◽  
Duygu Sezgin ◽  
Mark R O’Donovan ◽  
D William Molloy ◽  
Andrew Clegg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Frailty Index ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Geographic Region ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Physical Frailty ◽  
Deficit Accumulation ◽  
Prevalence Estimates ◽  
Nationally Representative

Abstract Introduction The prevalence of frailty at population level is unclear. We examined this in population-based studies, investigating sources of heterogeneity. Methods PubMed, Embase, CINAHL and Cochrane Library databases were searched for observational population-level studies published between 1 January 1998 and 1 April 2020, including individuals aged ≥50 years, identified using any frailty measure. Prevalence estimates were extracted independently, assessed for bias and analysed using a random-effects model. Results In total, 240 studies reporting 265 prevalence proportions from 62 countries and territories, representing 1,755,497 participants, were included. Pooled prevalence in studies using physical frailty measures was 12% (95% CI = 11–13%; n = 178), compared with 24% (95% CI = 22–26%; n = 71) for the deficit accumulation model (those using a frailty index, FI). For pre-frailty, this was 46% (95% CI = 45–48%; n = 147) and 49% (95% CI = 46–52%; n = 29), respectively. For physical frailty, the prevalence was higher among females, 15% (95% CI = 14–17%; n = 142), than males, 11% (95% CI = 10–12%; n = 144). For studies using a FI, the prevalence was also higher in females, 29% (95% CI = 24–35%; n = 34) versus 20% (95% CI = 16–24%; n = 34), for males. These values were similar for pre-frailty. Prevalence increased according to the minimum age at study inclusion. Analysing only data from nationally representative studies gave a frailty prevalence of 7% (95% CI = 5–9%; n = 46) for physical frailty and 24% (95% CI = 22–26%; n = 44) for FIs. Conclusions Population-level frailty prevalence varied by classification and sex. Data were heterogenous and limited, particularly from nationally representative studies making the interpretation of differences by geographic region challenging. Common methodological approaches to gathering data are required to improve the accuracy of population-level prevalence estimates. Protocol registration PROSPERO-CRD42018105431.

Positive association between depression and educational outcomes among young adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
I Smirnov ◽  
J Dementeva
Keyword(s):  
Academic Performance ◽  
Educational Outcomes ◽  
Standardized Test ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Negatively Associated ◽  
Age Cohorts ◽  
Nationally Representative

Abstract It has been previously shown that depression is negatively associated with the academic performance of university students. These results, however, rely on university grades and, thus, do not allow comparison of students from different educational organizations. As a result, the relationship between academic performance and depression on a population level is not well known. We use data from the Russian panel study 'TrEC' that tracks 4,893 participants since 2011. This panel is nationally representative for one age cohorts (13-14 years old in 2011). The data set includes educational outcomes of students measured using standardized tests (PISA scores and scores at Unified State Examination). In 2018, participants filled PHQ-9. At that point, many of them were in the first year of their Master's programs. The prevalence of depression (PHQ-9 > = 10) was 20% for women and 11% for men. We find no association between PHQ-9 scores for women and their PISA scores, Pearson's r = 0.01 (CI95% = [-0.03, 0.06]), however we find positive association for men, r = 0.16 (CI95% = [0.11, 0.20]). This corresponds to a relative risk of being depressed for the highest performing men (PISA levels 5 and 6) of 1.6. This result holds after controlling for the socioeconomic status of participants and the fact of studying at university. For those participants who study at a university, it is possible to additionally control for the selectivity of their university as the average academic performance of enrollees is publicly available information for Russian universities. We find that the personal educational outcomes rather than the selectivity of the university explain the results. It is generally believed that educational outcomes are negatively associated with depression. We find no such association for women and a positive association for men. This result might be particular to Russia or to a certain age cohort. In any case, they highlight the need for more research in this area. Key message We use data from a nationally representative panel and find that educational outcomes measured by a standardized test are positively associated with depression for young men but not for young women.

scholarly journals Recent trends in energy and nutrient content of take-home food and beverage purchases in Great Britain: an analysis of 225 million food and beverage purchases over 6 years

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Berger ◽  
Steven Cummins ◽  
Richard D Smith ◽  
Laura Cornelsen
Keyword(s):  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Healthy Food ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Food And Beverages ◽  
Home Food ◽  
Food And Beverage ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Uk

IntroductionIn recent years, there has been an increased focus on developing a coherent obesity policy in the UK, which has led to various national policy initiatives aimed at improving population diet. We sought to determine whether there have been concurrent changes in trends in the nutrient content of take-home food and beverage purchases within this policy environment.MethodsWe used 2012–2017 data from the UK Kantar Fast-Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) panel, a nationally representative panel study of food and beverages bought by British households and brought into the home (n≈32 000 per year). Households used hand-held barcode scanners to report over 225 million product-level purchases of food and beverages, for which nutritional information was obtained. We estimated daily per capita purchases of energy and nutrients from 32 healthier and less healthy food groups defined using the nutrient profiling model used by the UK Department of Health.ResultsFrom 2012 to 2017, daily purchases of energy from food and beverages taken home decreased by 35.4 kcal (95% CI 25.5 to 45.2) per capita. This is explained by moderate decreases in the purchase of products with high contents in carbohydrate (−13.1 g (−14.4 to –11.8)) and sugar (−4.4 g (−5.1 to –3.7)), despite small increases in protein (1.7 g (1.4 to 2.1)) and saturated fat (0.4 g (0.2 to 0.6)). Food and beverage purchases exceeded daily reference intake values in fat (on average +6%), saturated fat (+43%), sugar (+16%) and protein (+28%) across all years. Although substitutions between individual food groups were large in energy and nutrients purchased, the heterogeneity of these patterns resulted in modest overall changes.ConclusionThere have been small declines in the purchase of less healthy food products, which translated to a small reduction of total energy and sugar purchases taken home. However, the rate of change needs to be accelerated in order to substantially reduce the health risks of poor diets, suggesting that more radical policies may be needed to attain larger population effects.

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