scholarly journals Development of a Diet Quality Questionnaire for Improved Measurement of Dietary Diversity and Other Diet Quality Indicators (P13-018-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Herforth ◽  
Euridice Martínez-Steele ◽  
Giovanna Calixto ◽  
Isabela Sattamini ◽  
Deborah Olarte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
The United States ◽  
Food Group ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Global Alliance ◽  
Food And Beverage ◽  
Nationally Representative

Abstract Objectives The objective of this research was to develop and test a low-burden method to gather diet quality data that is comparable across countries, consistently implemented, and easily understood by respondents. A common method for collecting dietary diversity data consists of open-ended food group questions, e.g., Yesterday, did you eat any porridge, bread, rice, pastaor otherfoods made from grains? Our hypotheses were (1) the majority of consumption of each food group could be represented by a few foods in each country setting (sentinel foods); (2) respondents who did not eat the listed examples might misclassify other foods they ate as belonging to the same food group. We sought to refine the method by modifying each question to be closed-ended. Methods We developed a 26-item diet quality questionnaire (DQ-Q), where each yes/no question asks about consumption of a distinct food group in the previous day or night. We tested the first hypothesis using 24-hour nationally representative dietary intake data from Brazil (Individual Food Intake Survey 2008–2009) and the United States (NHANES 2009–2014). We categorized each food and beverage item into the 26 food groups of the DQ-Q, and identified the most commonly consumed foods in each. Individuals were categorized according to whether they had consumed at least one item in each food group (1) or not (0). We tested the second hypothesis through 82 cognitive interviews in five languages São Paulo and New York City, in which we compared responses to closed-ended sentinel food questions to open-ended food group questions. Results On average, 1–7 sentinel foods captured 96–97% of people who consumed each food group (range 85–100%). Respondents in both countries sometimes miscategorized foods when asked open-ended food group questions, and open-ended questions presented an additional cognitive burden. The DQ-Q took 3–5 minutes to administer. Conclusions The DQ-Q is a rapid low-burden method to collect diet quality data. Closed-ended questions using sentinel foods capture the vast majority of consumption and are better understood by respondents than open-ended list-based methods, for measuring dietary diversity and other aspects of diet related to NCD risk. Funding Sources Funding for this work was provided by the Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition (GAIN) and the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC).

scholarly journals A Novel Food-Based Diet Quality Score Is Associated with Nutrient Adequacy and Reduced Anemia Among Rural Adults in Ten African Countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1381-1381
Author(s):  
Sabri Bromage ◽  
Yiwen Zhang ◽  
Michelle Holmes ◽  
Wafaie Fawzi ◽  
Sonia Sachs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diet Quality ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Dietary Assessment ◽  
Food Group ◽  
Quality Score ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Nutrient Intakes ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Novel Food ◽  
Nutrient Adequacy

Abstract Objectives We aimed to develop and evaluate an easily-tabulated metric that is sensitive to diet quality in diverse settings. In this analysis, we examined associations between a novel food-based metric – the Global Diet Quality Score (GDQS) - and diet quality using data from rural Africa. Methods The GDQS gives points for higher intake of 16 healthy food groups and lower intake of 9 unhealthy groups, based on 3 intake ranges for each group. We scored the GDQS using food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) data from 1613 men and 1710 nonpregnant nonlactating women ages 15–49 (median: 30) in 12 rural African villages participating in the Millennium Villages Project in 2006 to 2009. We evaluated associations between the GDQS and nutrient intakes calculated from the same FFQ, body mass index (BMI), mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC), hemoglobin, and an overall nutrient adequacy score ranging from 0 to 7 (1 point given for each of 7 nutrients meeting average requirements). Associations were also derived for GDQS submetrics (GDQS+ and GDQS−) computed using only healthy or unhealthy food groups, respectively, and simplified versions of the GDQS and submetrics (scored using 2 intake ranges for each food group). Results Moderate rank correlations were observed between the GDQS+ and energy-adjusted intakes of fiber (women: 0.43, men: 0.33), folate (0.40, 0.30), vitamin A (0.40, 0.34), and zinc (0.38, 0.30), exceeding correlations with the Minimum Dietary Diversity Score for Women (p for difference between metrics <0.05 for fiber and folate in both sexes). The simplified GDQS- correlated moderately with energy-adjusted saturated fat intake (women: 0.35, men: 0.29). Rank correlations between the GDQS+ and overall nutrient adequacy score differed notably by country (range: 0.34–0.75), but not by age or season. Adjusting for age, interview month, and household size, the GDQS and GDQS+ were associated with hemoglobin and anemia (p for difference between metrics >0.05): women and men in the highest GDQS+ quintile had an OR of anemia of 0.25 (95% CI 0.09, 0.68) and 0.16 (95% CI 0.04, 0.46), respectively, relative to those in the lowest. Metrics were not associated with BMI or MUAC in adjusted analyses. Conclusions The GDQS and submetrics were associated with nutrient intakes, hemoglobin, and reduced anemia in rural African adults. Funding Sources Intake - Center for Dietary Assessment at FHI Solutions.

scholarly journals Do lifestyle interventions affect dietary diversity score in the general population?

2009 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1924-1930 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nizal Sarrafzadegan ◽  
Leila Azadbakht ◽  
Noushin Mohammadifard ◽  
Ahmad Esmaillzadeh ◽  
Morteza Safavi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lifestyle Intervention ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Evaluation Studies ◽  
Food Group ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Dietary Diversity Score ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

AbstractObjectiveThe dietary diversity score (DDS) is a good indicator of diet quality as well as of diet–disease relationships; therefore, the present study was undertaken to reveal the effect of a lifestyle intervention on this index.DesignA baseline and three evaluation studies were conducted in two intervention districts (Isfahan and Najaf-Abad) and a reference area (Arak), all located in central Iran. The Isfahan Healthy Hearth Programme (IHHP) targeted the entire population of nearly 2 million in urban and rural areas of the intervention communities. One of the main strategies of the lifestyle intervention phase in the IHHP was healthy nutrition. Usual dietary intake was assessed using a forty-nine-item FFQ. A diversity score for each food group was calculated and the DDS was considered the sum of the diversity scores of the food groups.ResultsThere were significant increases in DDS in both intervention areas (P = 0·0001) after controlling for confounding factors. There was a significant interaction between area and evaluation stage with regard to DDS (P = 0·0001). The effect of the intervention on the diversity scores of all food groups was also significant (P = 0·0001 for all) after adjusting for socio-economic status.ConclusionThe community-based lifestyle intervention in the IHHP was successful in improving DDS which might be related to an increase of diet quality of the population that in turn might decrease the risks of chronic diseases.

scholarly journals Diet Diversity to Assess Diet Quality of Pre-Conception Women in Bekasi, West Java

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-55
Author(s):  
Arindah Nur Sartika ◽  
Tri Marta Fadhilah
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Food Group ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
West Java ◽  
Diet Diversity ◽  
Total Food

Pre-conception women have important role to determine children nutritional status. Children with good nutritional status are born from mothers who have good diet. Diversified diet also can prevent woman to suffer from chronic energy malnutrition and anemia during pregnancy. This study aims to assess diet quality of pre-conception women in Kota Bekasi, West Java. The study conducted as observational study design, specifically using cross sectional approach. About 105 “bride to be” from 8 Religious Affairs Office in Kota Bekasi, West Java, Indonesia was joined the study. Respondents were interviewed with structured questionnaire consist of social economic characteristics and dietary intake. Dietary assessment was done using 24-h food recall to fill Minimum Dietary Diversity for Women of reproductive Age (MDD-W) questionnaire. The result showed out of 10 food groups, median consumption of food groups consumed by respondents was 4 food groups, also as the highest proportion of total food group (36.19%), followed by 5 food groups (25.71%), and 3 food groups (21.90%). Maximum score of dietary diversity is 8 (0.95%), and minimun score is 2 (3.81%). Meanwhile, most consumed food group was staple foods (99.05%). Nuts and seeds were the least proportion of food group (3.81%) consumed by respondents. There was around one-third (38.10%) of the respondents consumed total food group below recommended score (<5). Diet diversity of pre-conception women should be improved. To prevent from malnutrition, pre-conception women are suggested to vary their diet. Nutrition education during premarital class/ consultation is recommended.

scholarly journals Association between Ready-to-Eat Cereal Consumption and Nutrient Intake, Nutritional Adequacy, and Diet Quality in Adults in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2015–2016

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2952
Author(s):  
Yong Zhu ◽  
Neha Jain ◽  
Vipra Vanage ◽  
Norton Holschuh ◽  
Anne Hermetet Agler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
National Health ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
The United States ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Nutrition Examination Survey ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Dietary Recall ◽  
Health And Nutrition

This study examined differences in dietary intake between ready-to-eat cereal eaters and non-eaters in adults from the United States. Participants (n = 5163) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2015–2016 were included. One-day dietary recall was used to define ready-to-eat cereal consumption status and estimate dietary intake in eaters and non-eaters. Data from Food Patterns Equivalent Database 2015–2016 were used to compare intakes of food groups by consumption status. Diet quality was assessed by Healthy Eating Index 2015. Nineteen percent of US adults were ready-to-eat cereal eaters; they had a similar level of energy intake as non-eaters, but they had significantly higher intake of dietary fiber, and several vitamins and minerals, such as calcium, iron, magnesium, potassium, zinc, vitamin A, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B6, folate, vitamin B12, and vitamin D. They were also more likely to meet nutrient recommendations. Compared to non-eaters, ready-to-eat cereal eaters had the same level of added sugar intake but they had significantly higher intake of whole grains, total fruits, and dairy products. The diet quality of ready-to-eat cereal eaters was significantly higher than that of non-eaters. The study supports that ready-to-eat cereal eaters have better dietary intake with a healthier dietary pattern than non-eaters in the United States.

scholarly journals Breakfast Consumption in Spain: Patterns, Nutrient Intake and Quality. Findings from the ANIBES Study, a Study from the International Breakfast Research Initiative

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Ruiz ◽  
José Ávila ◽  
Teresa Valero ◽  
Paula Rodriguez ◽  
Gregorio Varela-Moreiras
Keyword(s):  
Diet Quality ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Beta Carotene ◽  
Food Group ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Spanish Population ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Added Sugars ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Total Fat

This study aimed to investigate energy, nutrient and food group intakes at breakfast in Spain and to examine for the first time, their relationship to the overall Diet Quality (DQ). The data used were from the Spanish ANIBES (anthropometric data, macronutrients and micronutrients intake, practice of physical activity, socioeconomic data and lifestyles in Spain), a cross-sectional study using a nationally representative sample of the Spanish population (9–75 years old). DQ was assessed using the Nutrient Rich Foods Index, adapted to total diets (NRF9.3d). Most (>85%) of the Spanish population were regular breakfast consumers, although one in five adolescents were breakfast skippers. Breakfast provides just 16–19% of the daily intake of energy. Relative to its daily energy contribution, the Spanish breakfast contributed a higher proportion of daily total carbohydrates, added sugars, sodium, thiamin, riboflavin, folates, iron, potassium, magnesium, phosphorus and especially in calcium. By contrast, the breakfast is low in water intake, protein, dietary fibre, total fat, polyunsaturated fatty acids, beta-carotene and vitamins E and D. In children and teenagers, the most commonly consumed breakfast food was chocolate (mainly as chocolate-flavoured milk and powder), followed by bakery and pastry, whole milk and semi-skimmed milk. In the older groups, a bigger variety of foods were reported. Consumers in the highest NRF9.3d tertile for diet quality tended to have a higher intake of positive nutrients at breakfast than other tertiles, most notably among adults.

scholarly journals Dietary Sources of Plasma Trans-Fatty Acids Among Adults in the United States: NHANES 2009–2010

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1436-1436
Author(s):  
Chaoyang Li ◽  
Patricia Richter ◽  
Laura Cobb ◽  
Heather Kuiper ◽  
Jennifer Seymour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Trans Fatty Acids ◽  
Vaccenic Acid ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
The United States ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Food And Beverage

Abstract Objectives Trans-fatty acids (TFAs) increase low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, decrease high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and increase risk of heart disease morbidity and mortality. There are two major sources from foods: industrially produced or artificial TFAs and ruminant or natural TFAs. Dietary TFA intake is estimated to cause half a million deaths annually worldwide and WHO has called for elimination of industrially produced TFAs from the global food supply by 2023. Little is known about these dietary sources for plasma TFAs. The objective of this study was to examine associations between foods consumed and plasma TFA levels using linked data of 24-hour dietary recall and plasma TFA measures among adults aged ≥20 years who participated in the NHANES 2009–2010 in the United States. Methods Over 4400 food products in the dietary interview data were categorized into 32 food and beverage groups/subgroups. Four major plasma TFAs (palmitelaidic acid, elaidic acid, vaccenic acid, linolelaidic acid) were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Multivariable regression analyses were conducted to identify associations of plasma TFAs with all 32 food and beverage groups/subgroups, controlling potential confounding effects of 11 demographic, socioeconomic, behavioral, lifestyle, and health-related risk factors. Results Consumption of foods in the following food groups/ subgroups were positively associated with elevated plasma TFA levels: cream substitute (P &lt; 0.0001); cakes, cookies, and pies (P &lt; 0.001); milk and milk desserts (P &lt; 0.05); beef and lamb (P &lt; 0.05); and butter (P &lt; 0.05). Conclusions The findings suggest that these five food groups/ subgroups could be the main dietary sources of plasma TFAs among adults in the United States in 2009–2010. Funding Sources N/A.

scholarly journals Variation in food group and nutrient intake with day of the week in an elderly population

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 359-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Maisey ◽  
Julie Loughridge ◽  
Susan Southon ◽  
Robert Fulcher
Keyword(s):  
Diet Quality ◽  
Significant Variation ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Food Group ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Day Of The Week ◽  
Retinol Equivalents

The present paper is an aalysis of 138 5- or 7-d diet diaries collected from a free-living population of people aged 68–90 years in Norwich. Men had higher intakes than women of energy and most nutrients, but patterns of variation across the week were similar for both sexes. Intakes of meat, meat products, fish and vegetables varied across the week both in frequency and amount eaten, but the other main food groups showed no significant variation. Alcohol was taken more frequently at weekends but the amount did not vary significantly. Intakes of energy, protein and many micronutrients varied significantly with day of the week, with increased intake at weekends, especially of vegetable-derived micronutrients on Sundays, and generally decreased intake on Mondays and Fridays. Nutrient densities of carotene, retinol equivalents, folate, vitamin C, pantothenate and Zn Were all highest on Sundays, providing further evidence of variation of diet quality on different days of the week.

scholarly journals Pattern and Extent of Street Food Consumption in Hohoe, Volta Region, Ghana: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Survey

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Winnifred Ekua Baidoe ◽  
Mark Kwame Ananga ◽  
Elorm Kwame Nyinaku
Keyword(s):  
Food Consumption ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Food Group ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Street Food

Background. For most people in developing countries, street food is a major source of sustenance, and Ghana is no exception. Street food vending has seen tremendous growth in Ghana as a result of the insurgence of urbanisation. Despite being one of the largest sectors of national economy in terms of employment and sales of food, very little is known about street food consumption patterns in Ghana. The current study explored the patterns and extent of street food consumption in the Hohoe township. Methods. A cross-sectional design which recruited 403 subjects through a multistage sampling technique. A semistructured questionnaire was used to gather information on demographics, types of street foods, extent of street food consumption, safety concerns, and diversity of street foods patronised. Means, standard deviations, and Chi-square tests were used to determine the association between selected variables at <0.05 level of significance. Results. The top 5 foods mostly patronised by respondents are porridge foods-Koko (17.9%), rice and stew (17.4%), banku (12.6%), waakye (11.5%), and kenkey (8.7%) with porridge foods consumed almost on a daily basis. Convenience (37.2%) and affordability (17.1%) greatly influenced the choice of street foods among consumers. Occupation and the level of education are strongly correlated with the concern for safety of street foods {(X2 = 17.3094, P<0.008); (X2 = 17.1731, P<0.002)}. The dietary diversity score of most respondents was in the high tercile (77.7%) (≥6 food groups), whilst the cereals dominate the food group mostly consumed by respondents. Conclusion. The study suggests that patronising street food is very high in Hohoe municipality, irrespective of the gender, occupation, or educational level. As an “informal” sector of food business, street foods often escape formal inspection and control. They can, therefore, both be the source of food safety problems and contribute to the deterioration of environmental hygiene. This is a call on policy makers and regulators to take a critical look at the sector.

scholarly journals Using National Survey Data From Nigeria to Assess Maternal-Child Dietary Concordance and Inform Nutrition Program Strategy

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 389-389
Author(s):  
Nadia Akseer ◽  
Rebecca A Heidkamp ◽  
Andrew Thorne-Lyman
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Education ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Maternal Diet ◽  
Food Group ◽  
Household Wealth ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Diet Diversity ◽  
Maternal Child

Abstract Objectives Improving child diet diversity is a policy priority in many settings. Multiple factors influence complementary feeding practices in low-income countries including household food access, caregiver-level factors and cultural practices. Child's dietary data is often available in national surveys (i.e., Demographic and Health Surveys, DHS), but they typically lack diet data from adults. The 2018 Nigeria DHS was among the first to measure food group intake in both young children and women. We describe the relationship between child and maternal diet diversity in Nigeria and highlight implications for design of infant and young child feeding (IYCF) programs. Methods Using the Nigeria DHS 2018 dataset, we estimated consumption of individual food groups in the previous 24 hours as well as minimum dietary diversity for children 6–23 months (MDD-C) and their mothers, women 15–49 years (MDD-W) using WHO-UNICEF definitions. We compare rates of concordance and discordance between n = 8975 mother-child pairs for individual food groups and MDD using McNemar's tests. Probit regression was used to identify drivers of MDD-C. Results Nationally, 22% of children achieve MDD-C; 51% of mothers achieve MDD-W. For both populations, the most commonly consumed group is grains, roots and tubers (&gt;80%) Dairy and eggs are the least consumed. Maternal-child (age 12–23 months) discordance is highest for consumption of legumes and nuts (36%), vitamin A rich fruits and vegetables (39%) and other fruits and vegetables (57%); mothers consume these more frequently. Children are more likely than mothers to consume dairy (19% vs 8%) and eggs (8% vs 4%). Maternal-child food group discordance is consistently higher for children 6–11months than children 12–23 months. Results vary at state level and by maternal age group. Children's MDD probability is increased by MDD-W (27%, P &lt; 0.001), higher maternal education (8%, P &lt; 0.01) and household wealth (7%, P &lt; 0.01). Conclusions Maternal and child diet diversity is suboptimal in Nigeria. Maternal diet is a primary driver of child diet in Nigeria. Legumes and nuts and fruits and vegetables are available but not consistently fed to children; an important finding for IYCF program design. The forthcoming DHS-8 core questionnaire will provide child and maternal diet data for more than 90 countries. Funding Sources Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.

scholarly journals The Influence of dietary diversity on the nutritional status of children between 6 and 23 months of age in Tanzania

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Gharib Khamis ◽  
Akwilina Wendelin Mwanri ◽  
Julius Edward Ntwenya ◽  
Katharina Kreppel
Keyword(s):  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Food Group ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Child Feeding ◽  
Young Child Feeding ◽  
Nutritional Status Of Children ◽  
Minimum Dietary Diversity

Abstract Background Undernutrition poses a serious health challenge in developing countries. Tanzania has the highest undernutrition burdens in East and Southern Africa. Poor infant and young child feeding practices including consumption of undiversified diet are the main cause for undernutrition. There is limited information regarding the association between dietary diversity and undernutrition in Tanzania. The objective of this paper was to examine to what extent the dietary diversity is associated with undernutrition of children of 6 to 23 months in Tanzania.Methods This is a secondary data analysis from data collected by the Tanzania Demographic and Health Survey of 2015-2016. Stunting, wasting and underweight were calculated from Z-scores based on 2006 WHO standards. A dietary diversity score was created by summing the number of food groups reported for each child by the mother ranging from 0 to 7. Then, a Minimum Dietary Diversity (MDD) indicator was used to assess the diversity of the diet given to children. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression techniques were used to assess the odds ratios of becoming undernourished.Results A total of 2,960 children were enrolled in this study. The majority (73.9%) of children did not reach the recommended Minimum Dietary Diversity (MDD). The most commonly consumed types of foods were grains, roots and tubers (91%), and Vitamin A containing fruits and vegetables (65%). Consumption of a diverse diet was significantly associated with a reduction of stunting, wasting and being underweight in children. The likelihood of being stunted, wasted and underweight was found to decrease as the number of food group consumed increased. Children who did not received an MDD diet had a significantly higher likelihood of being stunted (AOR=1.37, 95% CI; 1.13-1.65) and underweight (AOR=1.49, 95% CI; 1.15-1.92), but this was not the case for wasting. Consumption of animal source foods has been found to be associated with reduced stunting among children.Conclusion Consumption of a diverse diet was associated with a reduction in undernutrition among children of 6 to 23 months in Tanzania. Measures to improve the type of complementary foods in order to meet the energy and nutritional demands of children should be considered in Tanzania.

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