scholarly journals Influencing mechanisms of lifestyle and dietary factors on chronic diseases among community residents: updated evidence in Shanghai, China

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-39
Author(s):  
Yan Yang ◽  
Hua Jin ◽  
Peipei Zhang ◽  
Mingwang Cheng ◽  
Xiang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Activity Index ◽  
Medical Insurance ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Additive Interaction ◽  
Tea Drinking

Abstract Objectives: This study aimed to determine the risk factors for chronic diseases and identify the potential influencing mechanisms from the perspectives of lifestyle and dietary factors. The findings could provide updated and innovative evidence for the prevention and control of chronic diseases. Design: A cross-sectional study. Setting: Shanghai, China. Participants: 1,005 adults from Yangpu district of Shanghai participated in the study, and responded to questions on dietary habits, lifestyle, and health status. Results: Residents suffering from chronic diseases accounted for 34.99% of the respondents. Logistic regression analysis showed that age, diet quality, amount of exercise and tea drinking were related to chronic diseases. Age>60 and overeating (diet balance index total score >0, DBI_TS) had negative additive interaction on the occurrence of chronic disease, while overexercise (Physical activity index>17.1, PAI) and tea drinking had negative multiplicative interaction and negative additive interaction on the occurrence of chronic disease. Diet quality, physical activity, tea drinking was an incomplete mediator of the relationship between types of medical insurance residents participating in and chronic diseases. Conclusions: The residents in Yangpu District of Shanghai have a high prevalence of chronic diseases. Strengthening access of residents to health education and interventions to prevent chronic diseases and cultivating healthy eating and exercise habits of residents are crucial. The nutritional environment of the elderly population should be considered, the reimbursement level of different types of medical insurance should be designed reasonably to improve the accessibility of medical and health services and reduce the risk of chronic diseases.

scholarly journals Clustering of lifestyle factors in Spanish university students: the relationship between smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity and diet quality

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 2131-2139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Moreno-Gómez ◽  
Dora Romaguera-Bosch ◽  
Pedro Tauler-Riera ◽  
Miquel Bennasar-Veny ◽  
Jordi Pericas-Beltran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
University Students ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Lifestyle Factors ◽  
Balearic Islands ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Processed Meat

AbstractObjectiveTo ascertain the prevalence of and association between main lifestyle factors (diet, physical activity, alcohol consumption and smoking) in students from the Balearic Islands University.DesignA cross-sectional, descriptive study. A questionnaire including questions on lifestyle, dietary habits and physical activity habits was administered to the students. Four different diet quality scores were calculated (Diet Diversity Score, Mediterranean Diet Score, Dietary Guidelines Score and Global Dietary Guidelines Score).SettingA sample of students from the Balearic Islands University.SubjectsNine hundred and eighty-seven students (45·5 % males; mean age 21·5 (sd 3·3) years).ResultsThe dietary pattern of the student population was characterized by a low consumption of cereals and tubers, fruits, vegetables, olive oil, legumes and nuts, and a high consumption of processed meat, sweets, snacks, soft drinks and pastries. Linear, positive and statistically significant correlations were found between the number of meals consumed daily and all of the diet quality scores determined. Determinants of diet quality, both in the univariate and multivariate analyses, were physical activity practice, sex, age and number of meals consumed daily.ConclusionsRisk factors such as smoking, diet and physical inactivity had a tendency of clustering among Spanish university students. Overall diet quality was low, due to important departures from dietary recommendations and loss of the traditional Mediterranean dietary pattern. Nutritional education campaigns that include promotion of physical activity practice are needed to improve the overall health status of this population.

Physical activity can attenuate, but not eliminate, the negative relationships of high TV viewing with some chronic diseases: findings from a cohort of 60 202 Brazilian adults

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
André O Werneck ◽  
Adewale L Oyeyemi ◽  
Paul J Collings ◽  
Edilson S Cyrino ◽  
Enio R V Ronque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Viewing Time ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Tv Viewing ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Nationally Representative

Abstract Background This study examined the joint associations of leisure time physical activity and television (TV) viewing time with the prevalence of chronic diseases among Brazilian adults. Methods Data from the Brazilian Health Survey, a nationally representative survey conducted in 2013 (n = 60 202; ≥18 years), were used. Time spent in TV viewing and leisure physical activity, physician diagnoses of diabetes, hypertension and heart disease and information on co-variables (chronological age, education, ethnicity, candies/sweets consumption, sodium intake and tobacco smoking) were collected via interview. Descriptive statistics (mean and 95% confidence interval) and logistic regression models were used for etiological analyses. Results Physical activity attenuated but did not eliminate the risk associated with high TV viewing for at least one chronic disease in the general population [odds ratio [OR]: 1.29 (1.11–1.50)] and among women [OR: 1.31 (1.09–1.60)], adults [OR: 1.24 (1.05–1.46)] and older adults [OR: 1.63 (1.05–2.53)]. On the other hand, physical activity eliminated the risk associated with high TV viewing for at least one chronic disease among men [OR: 1.24 (0.98–1.58)]. Conclusions We conclude that physical activity can attenuate but not eliminate the negative effects of high TV viewing on chronic disease among subgroups of Brazilian adults.

scholarly journals Three-year change in diet quality and associated changes in BMI among schoolchildren living in socio-economically disadvantaged neighbourhoods

2014 ◽  
Vol 112 (2) ◽  
pp. 260-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandrine Lioret ◽  
Sarah A. McNaughton ◽  
Adrian J. Cameron ◽  
David Crawford ◽  
Karen J. Campbell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Economically Disadvantaged ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Overweight Children ◽  
Disadvantaged Women ◽  
Prevention Interventions ◽  
Disadvantaged Neighbourhoods

Findings from research that has assessed the influence of dietary factors on child obesity have been equivocal. In the present study, we aimed to test the hypothesis that a positive change in diet quality is associated with favourable changes in BMI z-scores (zBMI) in schoolchildren from low socio-economic backgrounds and to examine whether this effect is modified by BMI category at baseline. The present study utilised data from a subsample (n 216) of the Resilience for Eating and Activity Despite Inequality study, a longitudinal cohort study with data collected in 2007–8 (T1) and 2010–11 (T2) in socio-economically disadvantaged women and children (5–12 years at T1). Dietary data were collected using a FFQ and diet quality index (DQI) scores derived at both time points. The objective measures of weight, height and physical activity (accelerometers) were included. The other variables were reported in the questionnaires. We examined the association between change in DQI and change in zBMI, using linear regression analyses adjusted for physical activity, screen sedentary behaviour and maternal education level both in the whole sample and in the sample stratified by overweight status at baseline. After accounting for potential covariates, change in diet quality was found to be inversely associated with change in zBMI only in children who were overweight at baseline (P= 0·035), thus supporting the hypothesis that improvement in diet quality is associated with a concurrent improvement in zBMI among already overweight children, but not among those with a normal BMI status. The identification of modifiable behaviours such as diet quality that affect zBMI longitudinally is valuable to inform future weight gain prevention interventions in vulnerable groups.

Waging war on modern chronic diseases: primary prevention through exercise biology

2000 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 774-787 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank W. Booth ◽  
Scott E. Gordon ◽  
Christian J. Carlson ◽  
Marc T. Hamilton
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Primary Prevention ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Funding System ◽  
Sedentary Population ◽  
Biology Research

In this review, we develop a blueprint for exercise biology research in the new millennium. The first part of our plan provides statistics to support the contention that there has been an epidemic emergence of modern chronic diseases in the latter part of the 20th century. The health care costs of these conditions were almost two-thirds of a trillion dollars and affected 90 million Americans in 1990. We estimate that these costs are now approaching $1 trillion and stand to further dramatically increase as the baby boom generation ages. We discuss the reaction of the biomedical establishment to this epidemic, which has primarily been to apply modern technologies to stabilize overt clinical problems (e.g., secondary and tertiary prevention). Because this approach has been largely unsuccessful in reversing the epidemic, we argue that more emphasis must be placed on novel approaches such as primary prevention, which requires attacking the environmental roots of these conditions. In this respect, a strong association exists between the increase in physical inactivity and the emergence of modern chronic diseases in 20th century industrialized societies. Approximately 250,000 deaths per year in the United States are premature due to physical inactivity. Epidemiological data have established that physical inactivity increases the incidence of at least 17 unhealthy conditions, almost all of which are chronic diseases or considered risk factors for chronic diseases. Therefore, as part of this review, we present the concept that the human genome evolved within an environment of high physical activity. Accordingly, we propose that exercise biologists do not study “the effect of physical activity” but in reality study the effect of reintroducing exercise into an unhealthy sedentary population that is genetically programmed to expect physical activity. On the basis of healthy gene function, exercise research should thus be viewed from a nontraditional perspective in that the “control” group should actually be taken from a physically active population and not from a sedentary population with its predisposition to modern chronic diseases. We provide exciting examples of exercise biology research that is elucidating the underlying mechanisms by which physical inactivity may predispose individuals to chronic disease conditions, such as mechanisms contributing to insulin resistance and decreased skeletal muscle lipoprotein lipase activity. Some findings have been surprising and remarkable in that novel signaling mechanisms have been discovered that vary with the type and level of physical activity/inactivity at multiple levels of gene expression. Because this area of research is underfunded despite its high impact, the final part of our blueprint for the next millennium calls for the National Institutes of Health (NIH) to establish a major initiative devoted to the study of the biology of the primary prevention of modern chronic diseases. We justify this in several ways, including the following estimate: if the percentage of all US morbidity and mortality statistics attributed to the combination of physical inactivity and inappropriate diet were applied as a percentage of the NIH's total operating budget, the resulting funds would equal the budgets of two full institutes at the NIH! Furthermore, the fiscal support of studies elucidating the scientific foundation(s) targeted by primary prevention strategies in other public health efforts has resulted in an increased efficacy of the overall prevention effort. We estimate that physical inactivity impacts 80–90% of the 24 integrated review group (IRG) topics proposed by the NIH's Panel on Scientific Boundaries for Review, which is currently directing a major restructuring of the NIH's scientific funding system. Unfortunately, the primary prevention of chronic disease and the investigation of physical activity/inactivity and/or exercise are not mentioned in the almost 200 total subtopics comprising the IRGs in the Panel's proposal. We believe this to be a glaring omission by the Panel and contend that the current reorganization of NIH's scientific review and funding system is a golden opportunity to invest in fields that study the biological mechanisms of primary prevention of chronic diseases (such as exercise biology). This would be an investment to avoid US health care system bankruptcy as well as to reduce the extreme human suffering caused by chronic diseases. In short, it would be an investment in the future of health care in the new millennium.

scholarly journals Effects of self-management programs on behavioral modification among individuals with chronic disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. e0254995
Author(s):  
Sunju Kim ◽  
Moonkyoung Park ◽  
Rhayun Song
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Stress Management ◽  
Randomized Trials ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Behavioral Modification ◽  
Health Responsibility

The prevalence of chronic disease associated with unhealthy lifestyles has been increasing worldwide. Health professionals have recognized that self-management programs (SMPs) can provide health benefits by promoting health behaviors, especially when applied to individuals with lifestyle-related chronic disease. This review performed a meta-analysis of the features of SMPs using randomized studies and analyzed the magnitude of the combined effects of self-management on behavioral modification. We searched the PubMed, CINAHL, ScienceDirect, SCOPUS, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, DBpia, and KISS to identify randomized trials that evaluated the behavioral outcomes of SMPs. Subgroup analyses were performed for program duration, providers, type of comparisons, and program settings. We selected 25 studies (N = 5,681) to perform analyses with random-effects models. The effect sizes of SMPs were small but significant for physical activity (standardized difference in means [SDM] = 0.25), dietary habits (SDM = 0.28), and health responsibility (SDM = 0.18), and not significant for stress management and smoking behaviors. A short-term SMPs (less than 12 weeks) was indicated as being effective in modifying physical activity, dietary habits, and health responsibility, while the program effects on dietary habits were significant only with expert-delivered education and when compared with inactive controls. The findings of this study indicate that SMPs can effectively improve physical activity, dietary habits, and health responsibility in individuals with chronic disease, with a small but significant effect size. Future studies should explore the effects of SMPs on stress management and smoking cessation and assess the long-term maintenance of healthy lifestyles in individuals with lifestyle-related chronic disease.

scholarly journals A randomized controlled trial into the cognitive effects of a computer-tailored physical activity intervention in older adults with chronic disease(s)

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Esmee Volders ◽  
Renate H. M. de Groot ◽  
Juul M. J. Coumans ◽  
Catherine A. W. Bolman ◽  
Lilian Lechner
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Cognitive Effects ◽  
Intervention Effects

Abstract Background Cognitive functioning (CF) is important for wellbeing and an independent life. However, older adults with chronic diseases are at a higher risk of poorer CF levels. Although, research suggests that physical activity (PA) could play an essential role in maintaining good CF, older adults with chronic diseases have low levels of PA. PA interventions to prevent cognitive decline for this specific group exist. Yet, until now these interventions focused on a single specific chronic disease. Active Plus is a proven effective computer-tailored PA stimulating intervention focused on increasing PA in daily life for the older adult population suffering from a broad range of chronic diseases. This study tests the cognitive effects of Active Plus in older adults with chronic diseases. Methods In this RCT older adults with at least one chronic disease (≥65 years) were allocated to the intervention group (N = 260, mean age = 74.2) or waiting list control group (N = 325, mean age = 74.5). In total, intervention group participants received three times computer-tailored PA stimulating advice within four months (i.e., at baseline, after two months, and after three to four months). The online and print delivered advice were tailored to the specific needs and wishes of the participant and focused on incorporating PA in daily life. Baseline and follow-up measurements of the CF verbal memory (Verbal Learning Test), shifting (Trailmaking Test), inhibition (Stop-signal Task) and processing speed (Letter Digit Substitution Test) were assessed after six and 12 months. Intervention effects were analyzed with multilevel linear mixed-effects models adjusted for the clustered design and confounding variables. Results The dropout rate was 19.1% after 6 months and 25.1% after 12 months. Although both conditions improved on all verbal memory outcomes after 6 months, and all CF outcomes except inhibition after 12 months, no intervention effects were found, not even in subgroups (p > .05). Conclusions To our knowledge this is the first study to test the cognitive effects of a computer-tailored PA stimulating intervention in older adults suffering from a broad range of chronic diseases. The effects of the Active Plus intervention were not strong enough to improve CF or prevent cognitive decline. A blended approach, in which this computer-tailored intervention is combined with a face-to-face PA intervention and / or cognitive training, might be a good suggestion to increase the effects of Active Plus on PA and CF in older adults with chronic diseases. Trial registration Netherlands Trial Register NL6005; Date of Registration 03-21-2017; https://www.trialregister.nl/trial/6005

scholarly journals Ketogenic Diets and Chronic Disease: Weighing the Benefits Against the Risks

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee Crosby ◽  
Brenda Davis ◽  
Shivam Joshi ◽  
Meghan Jardine ◽  
Jennifer Paul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Chronic Disease Risk ◽  
Ketogenic Diets ◽  
Low Carbohydrate

Very-low-carbohydrate ketogenic diets have been long been used to reduce seizure frequency and more recently have been promoted for a variety of health conditions, including obesity, diabetes, and liver disease. Ketogenic diets may provide short-term improvement and aid in symptom management for some chronic diseases. Such diets affect diet quality, typically increasing intake of foods linked to chronic disease risk and decreasing intake of foods found to be protective in epidemiological studies. This review examines the effects of ketogenic diets on common chronic diseases, as well as their impact on diet quality and possible risks associated with their use. Given often-temporary improvements, unfavorable effects on dietary intake, and inadequate data demonstrating long-term safety, for most individuals, the risks of ketogenic diets may outweigh the benefits.

Chronic Diseases, Exercise, and Physical Activity in Childhood: 2015 in Review

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-54
Author(s):  
Tim Takken
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Physical Therapy ◽  
Knowledge Translation ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Exercise Testing ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Exercise Physiology ◽  
Exercise Medicine ◽  
Single Discipline

The year of 2015 was a fruitful year in the field of chronic diseases, exercise, and physical activity in childhood. Many interesting papers came out on this topic. Exercise testing and prescription in children with chronic disease and disability is an increasingly studied area in which many disciplines are involved including pediatric physical therapy, medicine, nursing, physical education, and exercise physiology. This multidisciplinary aspect is reflected in the journals in which my highlighted publications (below) were published. Because no single discipline has the ownership of exercise testing and prescription and because different disciplines use different jargon, it is difficult to have the scientific knowledge translated to the clinic. A few years ago we initiated the Pediatric Exercise Medicine Network (PEMNet) to close this knowledge translation gap.

scholarly journals Device-assessed physical activity and sedentary behaviors in Canadians with chronic disease(s): findings from the Canadian Health Measures Survey

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Hains-Monfette ◽  
Sarah Atoui ◽  
Kelsey Needham Dancause ◽  
Paquito Bernard
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Sedentary Behavior ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Sedentary Behaviors ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Canadian Health ◽  
Objectively Measured ◽  
Objectively Measured Physical Activity

Background: Physical activity and sedentary behaviors are major determinants of quality of life in adults with one or more chronic disease(s). However, there are no Canadian representative population-based studies investigating objectively measured physical activity and sedentary behaviors in adults with and without chronic disease(s).Objective: To compare objectively measured physical activity and sedentary behaviors in a representative sample of Canadian adults with and without chronic disease(s). Methods: Data were obtained from the Canadian Health Measure Survey (CHMS) (2007-2013). Physical activity and sedentary behaviors were measured using accelerometry in Canadians aged between 35 and 79 years. Data are characterized as daily mean time spent in moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA), light physical activity (LPA), and sedentary behavior, as well as steps accumulated per day. Chronic diseases (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes, heart diseases, cancer) were assessed via self-report diagnostic or laboratory data. Four weighted multivariable analyses of covariance comparing physical activity and sedentary behavior variables among adults without and with one or more chronic diseases were conducted.Results: In the total, 6270 CHMS participants were included. Analyses indicated that 23.9%, 4.9% and 0.5% had one, two, and three or more chronic diseases. Adults with two or three and more chronic diseases had significantly lower daily duration of MVPA and LPA, lower daily step counts, and higher daily duration of sedentary behavior compared to adults with no chronic diseases, with low effect sizes.Conclusions: Canadian multimorbid adults might benefit from targeted interventions to increase physical activity and reduce sedentary behaviors.

Chronic Diseases, Exercise, and Physical Activity in Childhood: 2016 in Review

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Takken
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Exercise Capacity ◽  
Active Lifestyle ◽  
Children With Disability ◽  
Effective Interventions ◽  
Physical Activity And Exercise

In this year’s review I want to make a case for exercise and physical activity in children with chronic disease or disability. Using two 2016 papers I will illustrate the infancy of the field, especially children who are wheelchair using. More efforts are needed to develop better methods to measure physical activity and exercise capacity in this population. In addition, effective interventions are needed to stimulate a healthy active lifestyle in children with disability. I sincerely hope that the 2016 review will stimulate other researchers to investigate physical activity and exercise in children with chronic disease and disability.

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