scholarly journals Ionic Liquids as Floatation Media for Cryo-Ultramicrotomy of Soft Polymeric Materials

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 1554-1557
Author(s):  
Paul Kim ◽  
Emeric David ◽  
Louis Raboin ◽  
Alexander E. Ribbe ◽  
Thomas P. Russell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Solidification Temperature ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Polymer Systems ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Soft Polymer ◽  
Molecular Solvents

AbstractIonic liquids (ILs) and their mixtures with low molecular solvents present ideal properties for use as flotation liquids in cryo-ultramicrotomy. With control of Tg and η by co-solvent addition, flat, ultra-thin sections are reliably floated onto transmission electron microscopy grids even at temperatures as low as −100°C. Even more, the liquids and their mixtures are stable in the microtome trough for several hours because of low vapor pressure and low solidification temperature. Compared to established flotation media for soft polymer systems, the time and skill needed for cryo-ultramicrotomy are significantly reduced. Although just a handful of ILs are discussed and a good general choice identified, if different liquid characteristics are needed for a particular sample, thousands of additional ILs will perform similarly, giving this new approach enormous flexibility.

Two- or three-way observations of the identical cell elements within the same sections by LM, TEM and/or SEM

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nakazo Watari ◽  
Yasuaki Hotta ◽  
Yoshio Mabuchi
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Fine Structure ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Identical Cell ◽  
Electron Microscopes ◽  
Scanning Electron

It is very useful if we can observe the identical cell elements within the same sections by light microscopy (LM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and/or scanning electron microscopy (SEM) sequentially, because, the cell fine structure can not be indicated by LM, while the color is; on the other hand, the cell fine structure can be very easily observed by EM, although its color properties may not. However, there is one problem in that LM requires thick sections of over 1 μm, while EM needs very thin sections of under 100 nm. Recently, we have developed a new method to observe the same cell elements within the same plastic sections using both light and transmission (conventional or high-voltage) electron microscopes.In this paper, we have developed two new observation methods for the identical cell elements within the same sections, both plastic-embedded and paraffin-embedded, using light microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and/or scanning electron microscopy (Fig. 1).

Dislocations in alumina deformed by prismatic slip

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 606-607
Author(s):  
J. Cadoz ◽  
J. Castaing ◽  
J. Philibert
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Basal Slip ◽  
Prismatic Slip ◽  
Compression Tests ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Burgers Vector ◽  
Maximum Deformation ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Mechanical Thinning

Plastic deformation of alumina has been much studied; basal slip occurs and dislocation structures have been investigated by transmission electron microscopy (T.E.M.) (1). Non basal slip has been observed (2); the prismatic glide system <1010> {1210} has been obtained by compression tests between 1400°C and 1800°C (3). Dislocations with <0110> burgers vector were identified using a 100 kV microscope(4).We describe the dislocation structures after prismatic slip, using high voltage T.E.M. which gives much information.Compression tests were performed at constant strainrate (∿10-4s-1); the maximum deformation reached was 0.03. Thin sections were cut from specimens deformed at 1450°C, either parallel to the glide plane or perpendicular to the glide direction. After mechanical thinning, foils were produced by ion bombardment. Details on experimental techniques can be obtained through reference (3).

Some early history of replica techniques for electron microscopy

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1076-1077
Author(s):  
Robert M. Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Early History ◽  
Bulk Materials ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Reflected Light ◽  
History Of ◽  
Electron Microscopes

By 1940, a half dozen or so commercial or home-built transmission electron microscopes were in use for studies of the ultrastructure of matter. These operated at 30-60 kV and most pioneering microscopists were preoccupied with their search for electron transparent substrates to support dispersions of particulates or bacteria for TEM examination and did not contemplate studies of bulk materials. Metallurgist H. Mahl and other physical scientists, accustomed to examining etched, deformed or machined specimens by reflected light in the optical microscope, were also highly motivated to capitalize on the superior resolution of the electron microscope. Mahl originated several methods of preparing thin oxide or lacquer impressions of surfaces that were transparent in his 50 kV TEM. The utility of replication was recognized immediately and many variations on the theme, including two-step negative-positive replicas, soon appeared. Intense development of replica techniques slowed after 1955 but important advances still occur. The availability of 100 kV instruments, advent of thin film methods for metals and ceramics and microtoming of thin sections for biological specimens largely eliminated any need to resort to replicas.

Introduction of Nanoscale Porous Aromatic Frameworks in PTMSP Matrix

2020 ◽  
Vol 869 ◽  
pp. 28-39
Author(s):  
Danila Bakhtin ◽  
Leonid Kulikov ◽  
Alexander Malakhov ◽  
Stepan D. Bazhenov
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Ir Spectroscopy ◽  
Suzuki Reaction ◽  
Main Idea ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Porous Aromatic Framework ◽  
Porous Aromatic Frameworks

Samples of nanoscale nano-PAF-10 and nano-PAF-24 porous aromatic framework-like polymeric materials were synthesized using the Suzuki reaction in a microemulsion. Monomers were tetrakis-(p-bromophenyl)methane and 1,4-phenylenediboronic acid. The main idea of the approach is to use 1,4-phenylenediboronic acid not only as a direct participant in the reaction, but also as a surfactant, which allows to stabilize the drops of the emulsion. Using this procedure, samples of PAF-like polymers were synthesized from the mixture, containing the mixture of tetrakis(p-bromophenyl)methane and 1,4-phenylenediboronic acid in ratio from 1:2 to 1:6; the reaction was conducted from 10 to 24 hours. The resulting materials were characterized by IR spectroscopy, NMR spectroscop. To estimate the particle size of the obtained materials, transmission electron microscopy was used. The object of the study were polymers, that were synthesized in 10-hour and 24-hour reactions. The particle size in the first material was in the range of 3-10 nm, in the second - from 30 to 100 nm.

Dislocations and stacking faults in stainless steel

1957 ◽  
Vol 240 (1223) ◽  
pp. 524-538 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Grain Boundaries ◽  
Stacking Faults ◽  
Stacking Fault ◽  
Stacking Fault Energy ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Partial Dislocations ◽  
Transmission Electron

Further experiments by transmission electron microscopy on thin sections of stainless steel deformed by small amounts have enabled extended dislocations to be observed directly. The arrangement and motion of whole and partial dislocations have been followed in detail. Many of the dislocations are found to have piled up against grain boundaries. Other observations include the formation of wide stacking faults, the interaction of dislocations with twin boundaries, and the formation of dislocations at thin edges of the foils. An estimate is made of the stacking-fault energy from a consideration of the stresses present, and the properties of the dislocations are found to be in agreement with those expected from a metal of low stacking-fault energy.

Dynamic motions and architectural changes in DNA supramolecular aggregates visualized via transmission electron microscopy without liquid cells

Nanoscale ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (37) ◽  
pp. 15928-15936
Author(s):  
Zhuoyang Lu ◽  
Xiangyang Liu ◽  
Maogang He ◽  
Jiangang Long ◽  
Jiankang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Gold Nanoparticle ◽  
Dynamic Processes ◽  
Nanometer Resolution ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Nanoparticle Aggregates ◽  
Supramolecular Aggregates

The nonvolatility and remarkable solvation property of ionic liquids is exploited to image the dynamic processes of DNA supramolecular aggregates and gold nanoparticle aggregates at nanometer resolution in an unsealed manner.

Ultrastructure of the Tertiary Envelope of the Cyst of the Tadpole Shrimp Triops longicaudatus (Branchiopoda; Notostraca)

2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (S2) ◽  
pp. 872-873
Author(s):  
James R. Rosowski ◽  
Terry L. Bartels ◽  
James F. Colburn ◽  
Jannell L. Colton ◽  
Denton Belk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Fairy Shrimp ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Tadpole Shrimp ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Scanning Electron

Tadpole shrimp inhabit temporary freshwater pools and ponds where their occurrence is largely regulated by rainfall events and water temperature. When dry basins are flooded, cysts of Triops imbibe water and hatch to produce rapidly growing, carapaced larvae. While previous studies show anostracan (fairy shrimp) cyst-surface morphology often species specific, few studies illustrate shell ultrastructure of Triops and none has considered T. longicaudatus. Here we examine the shell of T. longicaudatus (Notostraca) and compare its fine structure to other species of Triops and to that of Artemiafranciscana(Anostraca), which we previously studied.Cysts, produced in culture from Utah broodstock, were purchased from Triops, Inc., 1924 Creighton Rd., Pensacola, FL 32504. Thin sections of cysts were prepared for transmission electron microscopy (TEM) as previously described (Fig. 1). Cysts were also examined with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), dry, whole or fractured (Figs. 2,3), or after imbibition and/or hatching in oxygen saturated, double-distilled water, at 25 ° C.

Neoformation of halloysite on volcanic glass in a marine environment

Clay Minerals ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Imbert ◽  
A. Desprairies
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Marine Environment ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Volcanic Glass ◽  
Marine Environments ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Glass Shards

AbstractTransmission electron microscopy of ultramicrotomed thin-sections of Pleistocene and Eocene glass shards revealed the neoformation of (i) illite and (ii) halloysite at the glass periphery. According to previous experimental studies, halloysite neoformation in marine environments can occur on glass shards deposited in Si-rich sediments; an excess of Ca tends to inhibit the reaction.

Demountable polished extra-thin sections and their use in transmission electron microscopy

1981 ◽  
Vol 44 (335) ◽  
pp. 357-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Barber
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Essential Feature ◽  
Heterogeneous Materials ◽  
Glass Slide ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Polished Side

The advantages of polished ultra-thin sections (PUTS) in the study of very fine-grained materials, such as occur in some meteorites, have been illustrated by Fredriksson et al. (1978) whose technique is based on the earlier work of Beauchamp and WiUiford (1974). An essential feature of such methods for friable and heterogeneous materials is the use of a medium, usually an epoxy resin, to consolidate and partially impregnate them. Normally one polished side of the specimen is bonded to a glass slide during preparation, and the finished PUTS are integral with the slide on completion. PUTS are typically 2-5 microns in thickness.

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