Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniaevaccines: from bacterins to new insights into vaccination strategies

2008 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahendrasingh Ramjeet ◽  
Vincent Deslandes ◽  
Julien Gouré ◽  
Mario Jacques
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Swine Industry ◽  
Porcine Pleuropneumonia ◽  
Vaccination Strategies ◽  
The Past ◽  
Genomic Tools ◽  
Potential Vaccine ◽  
Made In

AbstractWith the growing emergence of antibiotic resistance and rising consumer demands concerning food safety, vaccination to prevent bacterial infections is of increasing relevance.Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniaeis the etiological agent of porcine pleuropneumonia, a respiratory disease leading to severe economic losses in the swine industry. Despite all the research and trials that were performed withA. pleuropneumoniaevaccination in the past, a safe vaccine that offers complete protection against all serotypes has yet not reached the market. However, recent advances made in the identification of new potential vaccine candidates and in the targeting of specific immune responses, give encouraging vaccination perspectives. Here, we review past and current knowledge onA. pleuropneumoniaevaccines as well as the newly available genomic tools and vaccination strategies that could be useful in the design of an efficient vaccine againstA. pleuropneumoniaeinfection.

Aspects of the geomorphology, genesis and environmental significance of earth hummocks (thúfur, pounus): miniature cryogenic mounds

2005 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Grab
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Thermal Characteristics ◽  
Environmental Research ◽  
Environmental Significance ◽  
Research Gaps ◽  
Frozen Ground ◽  
The Past ◽  
Internal Morphology ◽  
Differential Frost Heave ◽  
Made In

Miniature varieties of cryogenic mounds that are capable of forming in seasonally frozen ground are commonly referred to as earth hummocks (e.g., North America), thúfur (e.g., Greenland and Iceland) and pounus (Fennoscandia). Over the past few decades there has been a consistent interest to study earth hummocks from a variety of environmental settings. This review summarizes the current knowledge of earth hummocks, highlighting aspects on the external and internal morphology, and thermal characteristics, which may assist to explain hummock formation. Several hypotheses have been proposed for the genesis of earth hummocks, including the ‘cryoexpulsion’ of clasts, hydrostatic and cryostatic pressure, cellular circulation, and differential frost heave. These hypotheses are critically evaluated and some research gaps identified. It emerges that considerable advances have been made towards an improved understanding of earth hummock development, modification and disintegration. Much progress has been made in the application of earth hummock studies to a variety of environmental research approaches such as palaeoenvironmental reconstructions and assessing their impact on hillslope drainage.

Surface-associated and secreted factors ofStreptococcus suisin epidemiology, pathogenesis and vaccine development

2009 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Georg Baums ◽  
Peter Valentin-Weigand
Keyword(s):  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Swine Industry ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Secreted Factors ◽  
Diverse Species ◽  
Virulent Strains ◽  
Enormous Amount ◽  
Made In

AbstractStreptococcus suisis an invasive porcine pathogen associated with meningitis, arthritis, bronchopneumonia and other diseases. The pathogen constitutes a major health problem in the swine industry worldwide. Furthermore,S. suisis an important zoonotic agent causing meningitis and other diseases in humans exposed to pigs or pork. Current knowledge on pathogenesis is limited, despite the enormous amount of data generated by ‘omics’ research. Accordingly, immunprophylaxis (in pigs) is hampered by lack of a cross-protective vaccine against virulent strains of this diverse species. This review focuses on bacterial factors, both surface-associated and secreted ones, which are considered to contribute toS. suisinteraction(s) with host factors and cells. Factors are presented with respect to (i) their identification and features, (ii) their distribution amongS. suisand (iii) their significance for virulence, immune response and vaccination. This review also shows the enormous progress made in research onS. suisover the last few years, and it emphasizes the numerous challenging questions remaining to be answered in the future.

scholarly journals Tooth Bioengineering and Regenerative Dentistry

2019 ◽  
Vol 98 (11) ◽  
pp. 1173-1182 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.C. Yelick ◽  
P.T. Sharpe
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Dental Tissue ◽  
Dental Tissues ◽  
The Past ◽  
Tremendous Progress ◽  
Regenerative Dentistry ◽  
Dental Tissue Engineering ◽  
Made In

Over the past 100 y, tremendous progress has been made in the fields of dental tissue engineering and regenerative dental medicine, collectively known as translational dentistry. Translational dentistry has benefited from the more mature field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (TERM), established on the belief that biocompatible scaffolds, cells, and growth factors could be used to create functional, living replacement tissues and organs. TERM, created and pioneered by an interdisciplinary group of clinicians, biomedical engineers, and basic research scientists, works to create bioengineered replacement tissues that provide at least enough function for patients to survive until donor organs are available and, at best, fully functional replacement organs. Ultimately, the goal of both TERM and regenerative dentistry is to bring new and more effective therapies to the clinic to treat those in need. Very recently, the National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research invested $24 million over a 3-y period to create dental oral and craniofacial translational resource centers to facilitate the development of more effective therapies to treat edentulism and other dental-related diseases over the next decade. This exciting era in regenerative dentistry, particularly for whole-tooth tissue engineering, builds on many key successes over the past 100 y that have contributed toward our current knowledge and understanding of signaling pathways directing natural tooth and dental tissue development—the foundation for current strategies to engineer functional, living replacement dental tissues and whole teeth. Here we use a historical perspective to present key findings and pivotal advances made in the field of translational dentistry over the past 100 y. We will first describe how this process has evolved over the past 100 y and then hypothesize on what to expect over the next century.

scholarly journals Draft Genome Sequence of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae Serotype 7 Strain S-8

2012 ◽  
Vol 194 (23) ◽  
pp. 6606-6607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gang Li ◽  
Fang Xie ◽  
Yanhe Zhang ◽  
Chunlai Wang
Keyword(s):  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Actinobacillus Pleuropneumoniae ◽  
Draft Genome Sequence ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Negative Bacterium ◽  
Swine Industry ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Porcine Pleuropneumonia

ABSTRACTThe Gram-negative bacteriumActinobacillus pleuropneumoniaeis the etiological agent of porcine pleuropneumonia, a respiratory disease that leads to severe economic losses in the swine industry. For years, scientists working with it have lacked a reliable genome sequence for comparison with otherActinobacillusspecies. Here, we report the draft genome sequence ofA. pleuropneumoniaeserotype 7 (strain S-8), isolated from swine lung in China in 1992.

scholarly journals Infectious Bronchitis Virus in Egypt: Genetic Diversity and Vaccination Strategies

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 204
Author(s):  
Hassanein H. Abozeid ◽  
Mahmoud M. Naguib
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Bronchitis Virus ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Infectious Bronchitis ◽  
Vaccination Strategies ◽  
Avian Pathogen ◽  
Surveillance Programs ◽  
Insight Into

Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is a highly evolving avian pathogen that has increasingly imposed a negative impact on poultry industry worldwide. In the last 20 years, IBV has been continuously circulating among chicken flocks in Egypt causing huge economic losses to poultry production. Multiple IBV genotypes, namely, GI-1, GI-13, GI-16, and GI-23 have been reported in Egypt possessing different genetic and pathogenic features. Different vaccine programs are being used to control the spread of the disease in Egypt. However, the virus continues to spread and evolve where multiple IBV variants and several recombination evidence have been described. In this review, we highlight the current knowledge concerning IBV circulation, genesis, and vaccination strategies in Egypt. In addition, we analyze representative Egyptian IBV strains from an evolutionary perspective based on available data of their S1 gene. We also provide insight into the importance of surveillance programs and share our perspectives for better control of IBV circulating in Egypt.

scholarly journals Drugs for Gram-Negative Bugs From 2010–2019: A Decade in Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin A Pontefract ◽  
Hong T Ho ◽  
Alexandria Crain ◽  
Madan K Kharel ◽  
S Eric Nybo
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Antibacterial Agents ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Scholarly Activity ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Medical Subject Headings ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Isi Web Of Science ◽  
The Past ◽  
Made In

Abstract A literature review spanning January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2019, was conducted using the PubMed and ISI Web of Science databases to determine the breadth of publication activity in the area of gram-negative bacteria antimicrobial therapy. The number of articles was used as a reflection of scholarly activity. First, PubMed was searched using the following Medical Subject Headings (MeSH): antibacterial agents, Enterobacteriaceae, Acinetobacter, and Pseudomonas. A total of 12 643 articles were identified within PubMed, and 77 862 articles were identified within ISI Web of Science that included these terms. Second, these articles were categorized by antibiotic class to identify relative contributions to the literature by drug category. Third, these studies were used to identify key trends in the treatment of gram-negative bacterial infections from the past decade. This review highlights advances made in the past 10 years in antibacterial pharmacotherapy and some of the challenges that await the next decade of practice.

scholarly journals Use of Probiotics in Aquaculture

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Martínez Cruz ◽  
Ana L. Ibáñez ◽  
Oscar A. Monroy Hermosillo ◽  
Hugo C. Ramírez Saad
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Safety Measures ◽  
The Past ◽  
Management Recommendations ◽  
And Control ◽  
Careful Management

The growth of aquaculture as an industry has accelerated over the past decades; this has resulted in environmental damages and low productivity of various crops. The need for increased disease resistance, growth of aquatic organisms, and feed efficiency has brought about the use of probiotics in aquaculture practices. The first application of probiotics occurred in 1986, to test their ability to increase growth of hydrobionts (organisms that live in water). Later, probiotics were used to improve water quality and control of bacterial infections. Nowadays, there is documented evidence that probiotics can improve the digestibility of nutrients, increase tolerance to stress, and encourage reproduction. Currently, there are commercial probiotic products prepared from various bacterial species such as Bacillus sp., Lactobacillus sp., Enterococcus sp., Carnobacterium sp., and the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae among others, and their use is regulated by careful management recommendations. The present paper shows the current knowledge of the use of probiotics in aquaculture, its antecedents, and safety measures to be carried out and discusses the prospects for study in this field.

The molecular biology of temperature-dependent sex determination

1995 ◽  
Vol 350 (1333) ◽  
pp. 297-304 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Determination ◽  
Molecular Basis ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
The Past ◽  
Egg Incubation ◽  
Heteromorphic Sex Chromosomes ◽  
Substantial Progress ◽  
Common Molecular Basis ◽  
Made In

Many reptiles do not have heteromorphic sex chromosomes and for these species sex is determined during embryogenesis by the temperature of egg incubation rather than at conception. The phenomenon of temperature- dependent sex determination (TSD) was discovered almost thirty years ago, but few advances have been made towards the elucidation of its mechanism. In the past few years substantial progress has been made in the understanding of the molecular basis of XY chromosomal (genetic) sex determination (GSD) through the discovery of SRY. It is now possible to start comparing TSD with GSD. TSD is found in some evolutionarily ancient vertebrates and has been postulated to be the ancestral process from which GSD has evolved. If this is true then the two mechanisms may share a common molecular basis. This paper details the current knowledge of GSD, our progress on the investigation of the involvement of SRY-type proteins, and finally presents some of the problems that need to be resolved to gain an understanding of the molecular basis of TSD.

scholarly journals Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae biofilms: Role in pathogenicity and potential impact for vaccination development

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Skander Hathroubi ◽  
Abraham Loera-Muro ◽  
Alma L. Guerrero-Barrera ◽  
Yannick D. N. Tremblay ◽  
Mario Jacques
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Acute Infection ◽  
Actinobacillus Pleuropneumoniae ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Pork Industry ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Porcine Pleuropneumonia ◽  
Severe Pathology ◽  
The Impact

AbstractActinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is a Gram-negative bacterium that belongs to the family Pasteurellaceae. It is the causative agent of porcine pleuropneumonia, a highly contagious respiratory disease that is responsible for major economic losses in the global pork industry. The disease may present itself as a chronic or an acute infection characterized by severe pathology, including hemorrhage, fibrinous and necrotic lung lesions, and, in the worst cases, rapid death. A. pleuropneumoniae is transmitted via aerosol route, direct contact with infected pigs, and by the farm environment. Many virulence factors associated with this bacterium are well characterized. However, much less is known about the role of biofilm, a sessile mode of growth that may have a critical impact on A. pleuropneumoniae pathogenicity. Here we review the current knowledge on A. pleuropneumoniae biofilm, factors associated with biofilm formation and dispersion, and the impact of biofilm on the pathogenesis A. pleuropneumoniae. We also provide an overview of current vaccination strategies against A. pleuropneumoniae and consider the possible role of biofilms vaccines for controlling the disease.

scholarly journals Mercury Exchange at the Air-Water-Soil Interface: An Overview of Methods

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 1597-1602
Author(s):  
Fengman Fang ◽  
Qichao Wang ◽  
Ruhai Liu
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Present Knowledge ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
The Past ◽  
Emission Fluxes ◽  
Soil Interface ◽  
Soil And Water ◽  
Made In

An attempt is made to assess the present knowledge about the methods of determining mercury (Hg) exchange at the air-water-soil interface during the past 20 years. Methods determining processes of wet and dry removal/deposition of atmospheric Hg to aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems, as well as methods determining Hg emission fluxes to the atmosphere from natural surfaces (soil and water) are discussed. On the basis of the impressive advances that have been made in the areas relating to Hg exchange among air-soil-water interfaces, we analyzed existing problems and shortcomings in our current knowledge. In addition, some important fields worth further research are discussed and proposed.

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