Postmodern Values in Seven Confucian Societies: Political Consequences of Changing World Views

2007 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
ZHENGXU WANG

Economic development and the social changes it brings are changing people's world views among the East Asia Confucian societies. Most notable is a change from stressing hard work and achievement toward stressing enjoyment, self expression, and a fulfilling lifestyle. With this people also have become more pro-equality and tolerant toward different ideas and styles. These newly emerged views of modernized societies can be called ‘postmodern’ values. People with stronger postmodern values are more active politically, more assertive in demanding individual and political rights, and more emphatic in their preference for democratic government. The implication is that people in East Asia will demand more democracy as economic development proceeds and as they acquire these postmodern values.

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 628-645
Author(s):  
Hafizullah Emadi

Hindus and Sikhs, longtime minority religious communities in Afghanistan, have played a major role in the social, cultural, and economic development of the country. Their history in Afghanistan has not been faithfully documented nor relayed beyond the country's borders by their resident educated strata or religious leaders, rendering them virtually invisible and voiceless within and outside of their country borders. The situation of Hindu and Sikh women in Afghanistan is significantly more marginalized socially and politically. Gender equality and women's rights were central to the teachings of Guru Nanak, but gradually became irrelevant to the daily lives of his followers in Afghanistan. Hindu and Sikh women have sustained their hope for change and seized any opportunity presented to play a role in the process. Active participants in the social, cultural, and religious life of their respective communities as well as in Afghanistan's government, their contributions to social changes and the political process have gone mostly unnoticed and undocumented as their rights, equality, and standing in the domestic and public arena in Afghanistan continue to erode in the face of continuous discrimination and harassment.


Author(s):  
Svetlana Shcherbak

In this article, we discuss the modernization hypothesis in consideration of the causes of democratization related to economic development. The modernization hypothesis was formulated in the mid-twentieth century in the midst of specific economic and socio-political conditions. Since then, both societies and representations of their developments have changed. Current research disregards these transformations; therefore, with this work, we aim to fill the gap. We make clear how the neo-liberal turn influenced representations of economic development and democracy. Realization of the neo-liberal economic policy resulted in important social changes, particularly the rise of inequality and the wave of populism that endangers liberal democracy. At the same time, the modernization hypothesis is based on presumptions that economic development leads to income equalization and the creation of the broad middle class. Our analysis reveals that empirical surveys tend to confirm the relationship between economic development and democracy. However, economic growth does not necessarily entail more equal income distribution. The rise of populism indirectly confirms the rightness of the modernization hypothesis and suggests an important role for class dynamics. Democratization necessitates not only the establishment of liberal institutions but also the transformation of the social structure via convergence of incomes.


2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 73-87
Author(s):  
Thoi Thanh Pham

Lam Dong is located in the central highlands of Vietnam, where many ethnic groups reside. In the 1960s, the Republic of Vietnam forced ethnic groups, including the Coho-Cil, to leave their bon (village) to live in concentration in Strategic Hamlets. Most of the bon (villages) were divided and relocated into newly-organized administrative hamlets. After the Unification in 1975, the current government proposed a fixed cultivation, residence program, and a model of collective economic development called “tậpđoànsảnxuất (the group of agricultural production)”. In postDoiMoi (renovation) in 1986, the Cil have been favorably influenced by the DoiMoi policy of developing a multi-sector economy and independent household economy to cultivate coffee, high-yield corn, and persimmons. For the last 50 years, the Cil have experienced their historical process of tremendous social change. The main objective of this paper is to clarify the social structure and social changing process of the Coho-Cil in Lam Dong provice.


2020 ◽  
pp. 117-146
Author(s):  
Maria Feu

As museums are organizations that is supposed to serve society, they need to adapt to social changes. We live in an era where we understand that representativeness is of paramount importance for groups under effect of marginalization. The voices of these people have been systematically and institutionally silenced for several hundred years. Since traditional museology fails to engage with marginalized groups, and is, until today, a fundamentally elitist institution, Sociomuseology as a school of thought and the practice of Social Museology emerged with the clear mission to rectify this deficit. The school of thought, the practice and their potential for sociopolitical and economic development of a territory deserve to be carefully looked at. This article aims to provide insights about this new museological paradigm. Two case studies of Social Museum institutions in Brazilian favelas will be presented that exemplify the benefits these museums have already produced for the communities they stand in. Examples of actions developed in these museums and how they affect the daily life of the local habitants will be displayed. This paper was written based on material gathered for the author’s bachelor thesis delivered in Germany in 2018 and counts with field studies, original transcripted and translated interviews, observations and an analysis of the social function of these museums. Keywords: Sociomuseology; Social Museology; social responsibility; collective memory vs. official history


Author(s):  
Pilar Callau Dalmau

The formulation of Social Security as a universal human right, and the progressive establishment of basic national social protection regimes adapted to social changes, are the consequence of the hard work of the ILO since its creation in 1919. In this article, after making some preliminary considerations about this body within its global scope of application, and specify the content and recognition of this right, its consolidation is analyzed, from the adoption of the relevant legal instruments in successive generations, which include the set of benefits provided by the Social Security system; until the promotion of the last initiatives for the centenary of the ILO, related to social protection.


2007 ◽  
pp. 27-45
Author(s):  
B. Titov ◽  
I. Pilipenko ◽  
A. Danilov-Danilyan

The report considers how the state economic policy contributes to the national economic development in the midterm perspective. It analyzes main current economic problems of the Russian economy, i.e. low effectiveness of the social system, high dependence on export industries and natural resources, high monopolization and underdeveloped free market, as well as barriers that hinder non-recourse-based business development including high tax burden, skilled labor deficit and lack of investment capital. We propose a social-oriented market economy as the Russian economic model to achieve a sustainable economic growth in the long-term perspective. This model is based on people’s prosperity and therefore expanding domestic demand that stimulates the growth of domestic non-resource-based sector which in turn can accelerate annual GDP growth rates to 10-12%. To realize this model "Delovaya Rossiya" proposes a program that consists of a number of directions and key groups of measures covering priority national projects, tax, fiscal, monetary, innovative-industrial, trade and social policies.


2007 ◽  
pp. 116-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kimelman ◽  
S. Andyushin

The article basing upon estimation of the social and economic potential of Russian Federation subjects shows that the resource model of economic development is suitable for nearly half of them. The advantages of this model are described using the example of the Far Eastern Federal District subjects that could be the proof of the necessity of "resource correction" of regional economic policy in Russia.


Asian Survey ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 336-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry M. Raulet ◽  
Jogindar S. Uppal

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (10) ◽  
pp. 3-18
Author(s):  
Valeriy HEYETS ◽  

Self-realization of the individual in the conditions of using the policy of “social quality” as a modern tool of public administration in a transitional society is largely related to overcoming the existing limitations of the individual in acting in such a society and economy transitioning to a market character. Given that, in particular, in Ukraine the market is hybrid (and this is especially important), the existing limitations in self-realization of the individual must be overcome, including, and perhaps primarily, through transformations in the processes of socialization, which differ from European practices and institutions that ensure its implementation. Thus, it is a matter of overcoming not only and not so much the natural selfish interests of the individual, but the existing gap in skills, which are an invisible asset to ensure the endogenous nature of economic growth. It is shown that there is an inverse relationship between the formation of socialization and the policy of “social quality”, which is characterized by the dialectic of interaction between the individual and the group and which is a process of increasing the degree of socialization. The latter, due to interdependence, will serve to increase the effectiveness of interaction between the individual and the group, which expands the possibilities of self-realization of the individual in terms of European policy of “social quality” as a tool of public administration, whose successful application causes new challenges and content of the so-called secondary sociology. The logic of Ukraine's current development shows that new approaches are needed to achieve the social development goals set out in the Association Agreement between Ukraine and the European Union and to minimize the potential risks and threats that accompany current reforms in Ukrainian society. They should introduce new forms of public administration to create policy interrelationships of all dimensions, as proposed, in particular, by the social quality approach to socialization, the nature of which has been revealed in the author's previous publications. As a result, the socio-cultural (social) dimension will fundamentally change, the structure of which must include the transformational processes of socialization of a person, thanks to which they will learn the basics of life in the new social reality and intensify their social and economic interaction on the basis of self-realization, thereby contributing to the success of state policy of social quality and achieving stable socio-economic development.


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