scholarly journals Saving for Retirement: A Review of Ethnic Minorities in the UK

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Orla Gough ◽  
Roberta Adami
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Employment Status ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Family Resources ◽  
The Past ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
The Family ◽  
Private Savings ◽  
The Uk ◽  
White Control

This article examines the saving behaviour of ethnic minorities in the UK. Within the context of pension planning, we investigate saving for retirement patterns in relation to ethnicity, gender and age. We use data from the Family Resources Survey (FRS) to analyse employment status, income, saving types and levels. Although we find profound heterogeneity, ethnic minorities show higher levels of unemployment, lower income and consistently lower levels of saving for retirement compared to our white control group. Disadvantages of ethnic minorities during their working life persist, especially for women, although to a lesser extent than in the past, and continue to affect private savings and prospective retirement income. Indian and Chinese men have experienced the greatest improvements in terms of employment status and income and this is reflected in higher levels of saving for retirement since the mid 1990s.

scholarly journals Learning our lesson: using past policies to improve digital and ethnic inequalities beyond the pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mel Ramasawmy ◽  
Lydia Poole ◽  
Amitava Banerjee
Keyword(s):  
Health Policy ◽  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Health Inequalities ◽  
Digital Health ◽  
Current Health ◽  
The Past ◽  
Ethnic Inequalities ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Remote Consultations

AbstractCOVID-19 has had a disproportionate impact on ethnic minorities in the UK, raising questions about whether learning from the past few decades about the interplay between ethnicity and health inequalities has been effectively incorporated in current health policy. As digital health approaches, such as remote consultations and apps, become more widespread during and after the pandemic, it is important to ensure that these do not contribute to ‘widening the gap’. We highlight three areas in which existing knowledge and evidence can be translated into cross-sectoral action to avoid further ethnic and digital health inequalities: data and measurement, improved communication, and embedded equality impact.

scholarly journals Retirement saving in the UK: a life-cycle analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberta Adami ◽  
Andrea Carosi ◽  
Anita Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Population Decrease ◽  
The Uk

PurposeThis paper aims to study long-term savings accumulation in the UK. The authors use cross-sectional information from the extensive data set of the Family Resources Survey to compare long-term saving amongst different ethnic groups with the control group, the native population. The paper reflects on whether different groups are more likely to suffer poverty in retirement.Design/methodology/approachIn this analysis, the authors apply the life-cycle framework to explain saving profiles. This theoretical model has been used extensively in the field of economics and can be applied to empirical studies to examine changes in income and saving patterns over the life-course. The framework contends that individuals make savings decisions to smooth consumption over different phases of their life-cycle.FindingsThe findings indicate that socio-economic factors are key elements in determining whether individuals plan for retirement if factors are controlled for the differences in saving behaviours between ethnic minorities and the control population decrease considerably. Asian women, with good education and social standing, display greater saving rates than the control group, while the socio-economic disadvantage suffered especially by Pakistani and Bangladeshi women is key to their inability to save long-term. High levels of poverty in retirement are more likely to be caused by the interaction of low levels of education, part-time work and long spells of unemployment than by ethnicity.Originality/valueThe important contribution to the debate on savings by ethnic minorities is the extension of the life-cycle model to specific sections of the population and to proffer new insights into their saving/dis-saving patterns and ultimately their welfare in retirement.

Income Inequalities in Japan and the UK: A Comparative Study of Two Island Economies

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitris Ballas ◽  
Danny Dorling ◽  
Tomoki Nakaya ◽  
Helena Tunstall ◽  
Kazumasa Hanaoka
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Income Distribution ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Family Resources ◽  
Average Income ◽  
Inequality Measures ◽  
The Past ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Uk

This article builds on recent work entitled The Spirit Level by Richard Wilkinson and Kate Pickett suggesting that Japan is one of the most harmonious affluent countries in the world, whereas the United Kingdom (UK) is one of the most unequal and hence disharmonious. In particular, the article revisits The Spirit Level evidence according to which Japan is a more equitable society in terms of income than any other industrialised country, but especially contrasts with a country such as the UK. The article provides a brief review of appropriate data in both Japan and the UK that could be used for the analysis of income inequality and identifies the best available microdata that would be most suitable for this purpose: the Japanese National Survey of Family Income and Expenditure microdata and the UK Family Resources Survey and Household Below Average Income survey microdata. It then presents a comparative analysis of income inequality measures in Japan and the UK and a discussion of the income distribution in both countries based on these data sets over the past twenty years. The findings suggest that the UK is much more unequal than Japan in terms of income distribution.

Tarnished memory: ‘Emily’s Story’ and my family tree

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-285
Author(s):  
Felicity Collins
Keyword(s):  
Family Tree ◽  
Childhood Memories ◽  
The Past ◽  
Memory Work ◽  
Award Winning ◽  
The Family ◽  
Historical Truth ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Better Than

What kind of memory-work is generated in settler nations when historians, archivists and television producers shed light on the family tree? What happens to the faithfulness, or reliability, of memory when we imagine the past through compelling figures and scenes that resonate with childhood memories? Why do we need our ancestors, our close relations, to be good, to be better than the history we inherit from them? At stake here, for memory studies, is not the familiar set of tensions between historical truth, empathetic unsettlement and unreliable memory, but the relation between memory, recognition and imagination, or what Terdiman calls the bipolar vocation of memory: ‘to remain focused on the facts and simultaneously to spin off into fantasy’. To probe memory’s bipolar vocation in the decentring of settler subjectivity in Australia, this article begins with the interplay of memory and recollection provoked by ‘Emily’s story’, recounted in McKenna’s award-winning book, Looking for Blackfellas’ Point. It then turns to chastened recognition and the otherness of the past in the Australian version of the UK television format, Who do you think you are? It concludes with Ricoeur and the positing of incognito forgiveness as an alternative to the exoneration of our close relations from the barely hidden crimes of the past – foundational crimes that trouble the politics of reconciliation in settler-colonial nations.

On Sacred Girdles and Matrilineal Descent in Ainu Society

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 117-123
Author(s):  
S. C. Lim
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Public Health Service ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Maternal Lineage ◽  
Gradual Decline ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Ethnographic Collections

This study examines a mysterious item of the Ainu women’s undergarment—the upsor kut, or chakh chanki, which, in ethnographic collections and scholarly texts, is described as a “belt of modesty”. A comparative and historical analysis of Ainu women’s girdles from Hokkaido and Sakhalin was carried out. They are displayed in very small numbers at museums of Russia, Japan, and the UK. These artifacts are rare, as women had to preserve their upsor kut (chakhchanki) from being seen by strangers, especially males. They became a part of late 19th to early 20th century ethnographic collections, because scholars, such as B.O. Piłsudski and N.G. Munro, became trusted by the natives. In the past, Japan’s hard-line policy of assimilation for indigenous peoples, the banning of the Ainu language and traditional culture, and the introduction of schooling and public health service resulted in an even greater secrecy of Ainu women and the gradual decline of the tradition of wearing secret girdles, precluding the carrying out of fi eld studies. The analysis of Ainu linguistic and folkloric materials analyzed by Japanese and European researchers sheds light on the function and meaning of these items of the women’s undergarment. In essence, they had two important functions: determining the maternal lineage and protecting the family and the clan. This suggests that remnants of matrilineal exogamy existed in Ainu patriarchal society, which eventually disappeared at the turn of the 20th century.

Dowagers, Debs, Nuns and Babies: The Politics of Nostalgia and the Older Woman in the British Sunday Night Television Serial

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 769-784 ◽  
Author(s):  
Estella Tincknell
Keyword(s):  
Older Women ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Mature Female ◽  
Older Woman ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
The Past ◽  
Political Position ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Popular Television

The extensive commercial success of two well-made popular television drama serials screened in the UK at prime time on Sunday evenings during the winter of 2011–12, Downton Abbey (ITV, 2010–) and Call the Midwife (BBC, 2012–), has appeared to consolidate the recent resurgence of the period drama during the 1990s and 2000s, as well as reassembling something like a mass audience for woman-centred realist narratives at a time when the fracturing and disassembling of such audiences seemed axiomatic. While ostensibly different in content, style and focus, the two programmes share a number of distinctive features, including a range of mature female characters who are sufficiently well drawn and socially diverse as to offer a profoundly pleasurable experience for the female viewer seeking representations of aging femininity that go beyond the sexualised body of the ‘successful ager’. Equally importantly, these two programmes present compelling examples of the ‘conjunctural text’, which appears at a moment of intense political polarisation, marking struggles over consent to a contemporary political position by re-presenting the past. Because both programmes foreground older women as crucial figures in their respective communities, but offer very different versions of the social role and ideological positioning that this entails, the underlying politics of such nostalgia becomes apparent. A critical analysis of these two versions of Britain's past thus highlights the ideological investments involved in period drama and the extent to which this ‘cosy’ genre may legitimate or challenge contemporary political claims.

Association of the CD14 C159T and the Toll-like receptor 4 Asp299Gly polymorphisms with various phenotypes of asthma in adults from Crimea

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-140
Author(s):  
Yuriy Bisyuk ◽  
Andrew Dubovyi ◽  
Ilona DuBuske ◽  
Viktor Litus ◽  
Lawrence M. DuBuske
Keyword(s):  
Late Onset ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Additive Models ◽  
Atopic Asthma ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Toll Like Receptor ◽  
Toll Like Receptor 4 ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Gender And Age

Background: This study assessed gene polymorphisms of the CD14 receptor (C-159T) and Toll-like receptor 4 (Asp299Gly) in a patient population in Crimea, Ukraine, stratified by clinical (early versus late onset; frequent versus occasional relapses; fixed versus reversible obstruction) and immunologic (atopic versus nonatopic; eosinophilic; neutrophilic or paucigranulocytic inflammation) subtype. Methods: Two polymorphisms, CD14 C-159T and TLR4 Asp299Gly, were assessed in 331 patients with asthma. The control group included 285 volunteers who were nonatopic. The single nucleotide polymorphisms were studied by using polymerase chain reaction with electrophoretic detection. Results: There were increased odds of asthma development in patients with the Asp299Gly TLR4 mutation compared with the general population underdominant odds ratio (OR) 1.52 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.00‐2.32] and overdominant (OR 1.55 [95% CI, 1.01‐2.38]) models after adjustment for gender and age. In addition, mutations in this gene decreased the odds of nonatopic asthma in underdominant (OR 0.26 [95% CI, 0.07‐0.93]; p = 0.027), overdominant (OR 0.27 [95% CI, 0.07‐0.96]; p = 0.033), and log-additive models (OR 0.26 [95% CI, 0.07‐0.93]; p = 0.026) compared with the atopic subgroup after adjustment for gender, age, number of exacerbations, and type of airway inflammation. Allele frequencies for CD14 and TLR4 polymorphisms did not show statistical differences between the patients with asthma and the control subjects. Conclusion: CD14 C-159T polymorphisms were not associated with asthma in the adult population in Crimea. TLR4 Asp299Gly polymorphisms were associated with asthma and with decreased odds of nonatopic asthma compared with atopic asthma in the adult population in Crimea.

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