Exploitation of diversity within farmers' durum wheat varieties enhanced the chance of selecting productive, stable and adaptable new varieties to the local climatic conditions

AbstractVariety selection from locally adapted crops is the major climate change adaptation strategy of farming communities. There are several justifications for re-thinking for the sustainable use of crop biodiversity in our breeding programs. Thirty-one durum wheat farmers' varieties (FVs), together with five improved check varieties, were characterized in Tigray during 2014 and 2015 main cropping seasons. The genotype effect explained most of the variations in measured traits, which enabled us to identify superior and stable genotypes for wider adaptation as well varieties with more local adaptation. The genotypes and test locations imposed a highly significant (P < 0.001) effect on both phenological and quantitative traits. A yield advantage of 14.3% was obtained from top performer FV over top performer improved variety, Asassa. Of the tested FVs, 27.8% were superior for grain yield (GY) than improved varieties and 19.4% of these superior FVs were more stable and adaptable than the improved varieties. Besides giving higher GY with spatial stability, they qualify for industrial requirements with high-grain protein (>13%) and gluten (>33%) contents. FVs such as G10, G16, G21, G22 and G30 have wider adaptability and are suitable for production in all tested areas. As outcome of this study, two superior FVs, G10 (208304) and G30 (8208), were nationally released for commercial production for their productivity, stability and grain quality. Utilizing the diverse durum wheat FVs can effectively improve productivity and adaptability. Wheat breeders need to revisit these resources to improve adaptation of wheat production to the changing climatic conditions.

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Adaptive potential of the new winter durum wheat varieties and lines in the conditions of the Rostov region

Grain Economy of Russia ◽

10.31367/2079-8725-2021-75-3-27-33 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 27-33

Author(s):

Т. S. Bezuglaya ◽

N. E. Samofalova ◽

N. P. Ilichkina ◽

О. А. Dubinina ◽

A. S. Kameneva

Keyword(s):

Durum Wheat ◽

Agricultural Research ◽

Weather Conditions ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Anthropogenic Factors ◽

Wheat Varieties ◽

Mean Values ◽

Breeding Lines ◽

Rostov Region ◽

New Varieties

Currently, with the growth of scientific and technological progress, the issue of the effect of negative anthropogenic factors on the environment is of great urgency. Due to it there is a necessity to develop the most adaptive agricultural varieties, which is the basis of environmentally friendly agriculture. The current study was carried out on the basis of the FSBSI Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy”, located in the southern part of the Rostov region in 2018–2020. The objects of research were 8 varieties sent to the State Variety Testing in 2017–2020 and 5 promising breeding lines of the FSBSI “ARC “Donskoy”. The weather conditions during the years of the study were contrasting, with the most favorable ones in 2018, when there was obtained a record yield of winter durum wheat from 11.25 to 14.04 t/ha. Differences in the yields of the winter durum wheat varieties over the years were characterized by the variation range from 31.9 to 52.4%. There has been identified insignificant deviations in the yields of the variety ‘Solntsedar’ (+3 – -1.9 t/ha) and the variety ‘Zoloto Dona’ (+3.2 – -2.3 t/ha). The greatest deviations from the average yield were established in the varieties ‘Khrizolit’ (+4.5 – -3.6 t/ha), ‘Almaz Dona’ (+4.3 – -2.9 t/ha) and the line ‘721/15’ (+4.8 – -3.3 t/ha). Due to the assessment according to the adaptability parameters, there have been identified 3 groups of varieties. They are the adaptable varieties ‘Lakomka’, ‘Ellada’, ‘Khrizolit’, which will produce maximum yields under cultivation in the areas with favorable agro-climatic conditions at high agro-backgrounds; the weakly responsive varieties ‘Zoloto Dona’ and ‘Solntsedar’, for cultivation on a low agricultural background, which maintain stable yields with the mean values of 6.88–7.04 t/ha), they react poorly to external conditions, i.e. better adapted to bad and worst environments. The varieties ‘Kristella’, ‘Uslada’, ‘Dinas’, ‘Almaz Dona’ are suitable for cultivation on a medium agricultural background, because they are adaptable varieties with bi = 0.97–1.00. However, the variety ‘Almaz Dona’ turned to be unstable in terms of yields. The promising lines that participated in the analysis with different ecological characteristics will be further involved in breeding programs to increase the adaptability of new varieties. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the new varieties and promising lines according to productivity, homeostaticity, adaptability; to identify ecologically adaptable varieties and lines and to give recommendations for further use.

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Yield and Quality Performance of Traditional and Improved Bread and Durum Wheat Varieties under Two Conservation Tillage Systems

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su11174522 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (17) ◽

pp. 4522 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Magdalena Ruiz ◽

Encarna Zambrana ◽

Rosario Fite ◽

Aida Sole ◽

Jose Luis Tenorio ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Durum Wheat ◽

Management Practices ◽

Conservation Tillage ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Conservation Agriculture ◽

Conventional Tillage ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

No Tillage ◽

Wheat Varieties

The increasing spread of conservation agriculture demands that the next generation of wheat varieties includes cultivars capable of maintaining satisfactory yields with lower inputs and under uncertain climate scenarios. On the basis of the genetic gains achieved during decades of selection oriented to yield improvements under conventional crop management, it is important that novel breeding targets are defined and addressed. Grain yield, yield-related traits, and phenological and morphological characteristics, as well as functional quality parameters have been analyzed for six varieties each of bread and durum wheat, under minimum tillage and no-tillage. During the three-year experiment, the climatic conditions at the field trial site were characterized by low rainfall, although different degrees of aridity—from moderate to severe—were experienced. Differences were found between these two soil management practices in regard to the varieties’ yield stability. A positive influence of no-tillage on traits related to grain and biomass yield was also evidenced, and some traits among the examined seemed involved in varietal adaptation to a particular non-conventional tillage system. The study also confirmed some breeding targets for improved performance of wheat genotypes in conservation agroecosystems. These traits were represented in the small set of traditional varieties analysed.

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Adaptability parameters of the winter durum wheat varieties of various ecology in the Rostov region

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202017501014 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 175 ◽

pp. 01014

Author(s):

Tatiyana Makarova ◽

Nina Samofalova ◽

Nina Ilichkina ◽

Olga Dubinina ◽

Aleksey Popov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Durum Wheat ◽

Environmental Conditions ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

High Yield ◽

Wheat Varieties ◽

Climatic Zones ◽

Ecological Adaptability ◽

Rostov Region ◽

Study Results ◽

Adaptability Parameters

There have been generalized the study results of the parameters of ecological adaptability of winter durum wheat and there have been identified the most adaptive varieties of different ecology under unstable climatic conditions of the Rostov region. There was conducted the analysis of 34 varieties of domestic and foreign breeding, which have been recommended for cultivation in different climatic zones. During the current study there have been identified the groups of winter durum wheat varieties that were different in their ecological adaptability parameters. The first group included 11 highly responsive varieties recommended for cultivation on an intensive background, namely ‘Alyy parus’, ‘Kontinent’, ‘Laguna’, ‘Kassiopeya’, ‘Akveduk’ (Ukraine), ‘Prikumskaya 142’, ‘Eyrena’, ‘Kiprida’, ‘Terra’, ‘Oniks’, ‘Kurant’ (Russia). To obtain the largest average productivity there have been recommended to cultivate the following 11 varieties on the average agricultural background, namely ‘Aksinit’, ‘Amazonka’, ‘Kermen’, ‘Uniya’, ‘Diona’, ‘Yakhont’, ‘Yubilyarka’, ‘Belgorodskaya yantarnaya’ (Russia), ‘Zolotoye runo’, ‘Gardemarin’, ‘Andromeda’ (Ukraine), since these varieties were good adapted to various environmental conditions. The varieties ‘Agat donskoy’,‘Zolotko’,‘Krupinka’, ‘Laska’, ‘Lazurit’, ‘Krucha’, ‘Stepnoy yantar’ (Russia), ‘Burshtin’, ‘Dnepryana’, ‘Perlina odesskaya’ and ‘Shulyndinka’ (Ukraine) -to cultivate on a reduced agrofone, where they will give a fairly high yield from 8.45 to 9.67 t / ha.

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Assessment of heritability and genetic advance for agronomic traits in durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.)

Acta agriculturae Slovenica ◽

10.14720/aas.2017.109.2.19 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 109 (2) ◽

pp. 357

Author(s):

HASSAN NIKKHAHKOUCHAKSARAEI ◽

Hamlet Martirosyan

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Durum Wheat ◽

Triticum Durum ◽

Agronomic Traits ◽

Genetic Progress ◽

Climatic Effects ◽

Wheat Varieties ◽

Important Indicator ◽

Spike Number ◽

Cropping Seasons

In order to evaluate the amount of heritability for desirable agronomic characteristics and the genetic progress associated with grain yield of durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.), a split plot experiment was carried out with four replications during three cropping seasons (2009-2012). Three sowing dates (as environmental factor) and six durum wheat varieties (as genotypic factor) were considered as main and sub factors respectively. Analysis of variance showed interaction effects between genotypes and environments in days to ripening, plant height, spike length, number of grains per spike, number of spikes per unit area, grain mass and grain yield. The grain yield showed the highest positive correlation with number of grains per spike also grain mass (91 % and 85 %, respectively). A relatively high heritability of these traits (82.1 % and 82.2 %, respectively) suggests that their genetic improvement is possible. The maximum genetic gain (19.6 %) was observed for grain mass, indicating this trait should be a very important indicator for durum wheat breeders, although the climatic effects should not be ignored.

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The basic technological components of growing and harvesting of grain of spring wheat in Kama zone of the Republic of Tatarstan

Vestnik of Kazan state agrarin university ◽

10.12737/1386 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 148-151

Author(s):

Сержанов ◽

Igor Serzhanov ◽

Шайхутдинов ◽

Farit Shaykhutdinov ◽

Майоров ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Spring Wheat ◽

Comprehensive Evaluation ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Advanced Technology ◽

Wheat Varieties ◽

Small Areas ◽

State Register ◽

New Varieties ◽

The Republic ◽

High Yields

The potential of spring wheat varieties, included in the state register list and recommended for cultivation in the Republic of Tatarstan, and the climatic conditions of the Republic allow to obtain the high yields in improving and implementing advanced technology of its cultivation. One of the main conditions for successful cultivation of spring wheat in the region is the proper selection of varieties. Nowadays the varieties with a relatively high resistance to drought, disease and pests, successfully competing with weeds, good usage of soil fertility and at the same time responsive to fertilizers are reclaimed. This approach is explained by the desire to reduce the grain production cost and for environmental management, taking into account environmental constraints. The use of natural resources and the adaptive properties of growing varieties offers in-depth assessment of soil and climatic conditions up to the micro-level, i.e. for each farm, field, land and a thorough study of the features and capabilities of varieties. Only in this way it can be reasonably implement zoning varieties, depending on the situation, even pick up for small areas of two or three suitable varieties of quite a large number of cases in the region. What is important now is another question - how feasible to get the grain of spring wheat with good baking qualities in practice in different agro-climatic zones of the Republic. A major role in this belongs to varieties, agricultural machinery, fertilizers, post-harvest grain handling and other factors. As for the Republic of Tatarstan, the study of comprehensive evaluation of several previously recommended for cultivation and some new varieties of spring wheat wasn’t conducted. Taking into account the knowledge base of questions, in this study the task was to conduct a comprehensive comparative evaluation of spring wheat varieties for specific climatic conditions of the zone, based on observations, surveys and analyzes to evaluate the studied varieties of spring wheat and make appropriate recommendations.

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Hybridization potential Aegilops sp. / durum wheat: which interest for the genetic breeding of the drought tolerance?

Acta agriculturae Slovenica ◽

10.14720/aas.2019.113.1.08 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 113 (1) ◽

pp. 83

Author(s):

Fethia ZADRI ◽

Kamel KELLOU ◽

Adra MOUELLEF ◽

Hadjer BOUANIKA ◽

Ryma BOULDJEDJ ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Durum Wheat ◽

Triticum Durum ◽

Interspecific Hybrids ◽

Female Parent ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Adult Plant ◽

Aegilops Triuncialis ◽

Wheat Varieties ◽

Aegilops Geniculata ◽

Genetic Breeding

To study their hybridization potential, two species of the genus Aegilops (Aegilops geniculata Roth; Aegilops triuncialis L.) and two durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) varieties (‘Oued Zenati’ and ‘Hoggar’) were crossed, where Aegilops was the female parent. The four cross combinations were tested during five years in order to release the genitors having the most affinity for obtaining interspecific hybrids. The parents were also characterized for their drought stress tolerance during the crossing period. The results confirm the tolerance of Aegilops sp. and adaptation of the durum wheat varieties to climatic conditions governing the Algerian cereal zones. 81 hybrids F1 were obtained. Differences in hybridization affinity between the parents were very remarkable. The combination of parents Aegilops geniculata/’ Oued Zenati’ has produced the highest number of hybrids (54 or a rate of 5.23 %), followed by Aegilops triuncialis/’Oued Zenati’ (18 hybrids or a rate of 3.88 %). The crossing of the two Aegilops species with the Hoggar variety produced a small number of hybrids. Among the advantages of this crossing, the obtaining of hybrids in caryopsis without resorting to the embryos rescue. Hybrid seedlings expressed a maternal cytoplasmic heredity. However, no adult plant could have been regenerated.

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Physiological parameters for evaluating drought tolerance in durum wheat varieties grown in the fields in Syria

Journal of Biology and Today s World ◽

10.15412/j.jbtw.01010205 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

Author(s):

M. Almeselmani

Keyword(s):

Drought Tolerance ◽

Durum Wheat ◽

Physiological Parameters ◽

Wheat Varieties

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Agronomic performance of autumn- and winter-cropped Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.) in response to varying levels of nitrogen fertiliser

Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis Studia Naturae ◽

10.24917/25438832.5.6 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 83-95

Author(s):

Bent Al-Hoda Asghari ◽

Mohsen Yousefi ◽

Katarzyna Możdżeń ◽

Joanna Puła ◽

Peiman Zandi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Brassica Juncea ◽

Seed Yield ◽

Agronomic Traits ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Indian Mustard ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Plant Seed ◽

Nitrogen Fertiliser ◽

Nitrogen Levels ◽

Cropping Seasons

Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L. Czern) cultivation is suggested for regions with short seasons and low rainfall. Although there have been many studies conducted on agronomic production of mustard in Iran, the information regarding the interactive impact of cropping seasons and nitrogen fertiliser on growth characteristics and yield quality of mustard plant is still insufficient and requires further investigation. This study focused on the possible implications of different cropping seasons and different nitrogen levels on selected agronomic traits in mustard. In this experiment, five different doses of nitrogen and two sowing periods were used to assess for their combined effects on the growth parameters, seed yield and agronomic characteristics of mustard in the semi-arid climatic conditions of Takestan. The results revealed that cultivation seasons and nitrogen rates had a significant effect on plant height, biomass yield, number of siliques per plant, seed oil content and seed yield.

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Morphological and Physiological Root Traits and Their Relationship with Nitrogen Uptake in Wheat Varieties Released from 1915 to 2013

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11061149 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 1149

Author(s):

Guglielmo Puccio ◽

Rosolino Ingraffia ◽

Dario Giambalvo ◽

Gaetano Amato ◽

Alfonso S. Frenda

Keyword(s):

Durum Wheat ◽

Root System ◽

N Uptake ◽

Specific Root Length ◽

Root Traits ◽

Wheat Breeding ◽

N Availability ◽

Wheat Varieties ◽

Uptake Efficiency ◽

Positive Effects

Identifying genotypes with a greater ability to absorb nitrogen (N) may be important to reducing N loss in the environment and improving the sustainability of agricultural systems. This study extends the knowledge of variability among wheat genotypes in terms of morphological or physiological root traits, N uptake under conditions of low soil N availability, and in the amount and rapidity of the use of N supplied with fertilizer. Nine genotypes of durum wheat were chosen for their different morpho-phenological characteristics and year of their release. The isotopic tracer 15N was used to measure the fertilizer N uptake efficiency. The results show that durum wheat breeding did not have univocal effects on the characteristics of the root system (weight, length, specific root length, etc.) or N uptake capacity. The differences in N uptake among the studied genotypes when grown in conditions of low N availability appear to be related more to differences in uptake efficiency per unit of weight and length of the root system than to differences in the morphological root traits. The differences among the genotypes in the speed and the ability to take advantage of the greater N availability, determined by N fertilization, appear to a certain extent to be related to the development of the root system and the photosynthesizing area. This study highlights some variability within the species in terms of the development, distribution, and efficiency of the root system, which suggests that there may be sufficient grounds for improving these traits with positive effects in terms of adaptability to difficult environments and resilience to climate change.

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