Eclipses and the Earth’s Rotation

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (A30) ◽  
pp. 160-162
Author(s):  
F. R. Stephenson ◽  
L. V. Morrison ◽  
C. Y. Hohenkerk
Keyword(s):  
Time Scale ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Smooth Curve ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Time Difference ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Historical Records ◽  
Tidal Friction ◽  
First Derivative ◽  
Length Of The Day

AbstractAnalysis of historical records of eclipses of the Sun and Moon between 720 BC and AD 1600 gives a measure of the time difference, TT − UT = ΔT. The first derivative in time along a smooth curve fitted to the values of Δ T measures the changes in the length of the day (lod). The average rate of change of the lod is found to be significantly less than that expected on the basis of tidal friction. Fluctuations on a time-scale of centuries to millennia are mainly attributed to the effects of post-glacial uplift and core-mantle coupling.

scholarly journals Weight Feedback-Based Harmonic MDG-Ensemble Model for Prediction of Traffic Accident Severity

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 5072
Author(s):  
Byung-Kook Koo ◽  
Ji-Won Baek ◽  
Kyung-Yong Chung
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Weighted Voting ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Accident Severity ◽  
Harmonic Average ◽  
Bagging Method

Traffic accidents are emerging as a serious social problem in modern society but if the severity of an accident is quickly grasped, countermeasures can be organized efficiently. To solve this problem, the method proposed in this paper derives the MDG (Mean Decrease Gini) coefficient between variables to assess the severity of traffic accidents. Single models are designed to use coefficient, independent variables to determine and predict accident severity. The generated single models are fused using a weighted-voting-based bagging method ensemble to consider various characteristics and avoid overfitting. The variables used for predicting accidents are classified as dependent or independent and the variables that affect the severity of traffic accidents are predicted using the characteristics of causal relationships. Independent variables are classified as categorical and numerical variables. For this reason, a problem arises when the variation among dependent variables is imbalanced. Therefore, a harmonic average is applied to the weights to maintain the variables’ balance and determine the average rate of change. Through this, it is possible to establish objective criteria for determining the severity of traffic accidents, thereby improving reliability.

Acetyl L-Carnitine Slows Decline in Younger Patients With Alzheimer's Disease: A Reanalysis of a Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study Using the Trilinear Approach

1998 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
John O. Brooks ◽  
Jerome A. Yesavage ◽  
Angelico Carta ◽  
Daniele Bravi
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
The United States ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Disease Assessment ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Parallel Group ◽  
Longitudinal Effects

Objectives: To assess the longitudinal effects of acetyl-L-carnitine (ALC) on patients diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease. Design: Longitudinal, double-blind, parallel-group, placebocontrolled. Setting: Twenty-four outpatient sites across the United States. Participants: A total of 334 subjects diagnosed with probable Alzheimer's disease by NINCDS-ADRDA criteria. These data were originally reported by Thal and colleagues (1996). Measurements: Cognitive subscale of the Alzheimer Disease Assessment Scale (ADAS) given every 3 months for 1 year. Results: The average rate of change was estimated using the trilinear approach, which allows for periods of both change and stability. Both the ALC group and the placebo group exhibited the same mean rate of change on the ADAS (0.68 points/month). However, a multiple regression analysis revealed a statistically significant Age × Drug interaction characterized by younger subjects benefiting more from ALC treatment than older subjects. Further analyses suggested that the optimal, though not statistically significant, cutpoint for ALC benefit was 61 years of age. Conclusions: ALC slows the progression of Alzheimer's disease in younger subjects, and the use of the trilinear approach to estimate the average rate of change may prove valuable in pharmacological trials.

scholarly journals Comparison of Deep Neural Network Models and Effectiveness of EMG Signal Feature Value for Estimating Dorsiflexion

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (22) ◽  
pp. 2767
Author(s):  
Muhammad Akmal Bin Mohammed Zaffir ◽  
Praveen Nuwantha ◽  
Daiki Arase ◽  
Keiko Sakurai ◽  
Hiroki Tamura
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Network Models ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Estimation Accuracy ◽  
Neural Network Models ◽  
Emg Signal ◽  
Minimum Number ◽  
Deep Learning Network ◽  
Simple Network

(1) Background: Robotic ankle–foot orthoses (AFO) are often used for gait rehabilitation. Our research focuses on the design and development of a robotic AFO with minimum number of sensor inputs. However, this leads to degradation of gait estimation accuracy. (2) Methods: To prevent degradation of accuracy, we compared a few neural network models in order to determine the best network when only two input channels are being used. Further, the EMG signal feature value of average rate of change was used as input. (3) Results: LSTM showed the highest accuracy. However, MLP with a small number of hidden layers showed results similar to LSTM. Moreover, the accuracy for all models, with the exception of LSTM for one subject (SD), increased with the addition of feature value (average rate of change) as input. (4) Conclusions: In conclusion, time-series networks work best with a small number of sensor inputs. However, depending on the optimizer being used, even a simple network can outrun a deep learning network. Furthermore, our results show that applying EMG signal feature value as an input tends to increase the estimation accuracy of the network.

scholarly journals Metrics for studying berry growth kinetics in seedless grape cultivars (Vitis vinifera L.)

OENO One ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-131
Author(s):  
George Letchov ◽  
Venelin Roychev ◽  
Neli Keranova
Keyword(s):  
Time Scale ◽  
Grape Berry ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Lag Phase ◽  
Growth Phases ◽  
Growth Processes ◽  
Grape Berries ◽  
Growth Metrics ◽  
Seedless Grape ◽  
Sigmoid Curve

The process related to the changes in dimensions and mass of grape berry passes through two growth phases separated by a lag phase, and can be described by a double sigmoid curve. The onset of the growth phases and their duration are important factors for understanding the growth processes in grape berries. A new method for their quantitative determination was developed in the present study. In this method, the phase transition dates correspond to the times at which the rate of change of the curvature of the logistic (sigmoid) curve reaches an extreme value. The method was tested on three seedless grape varieties, Sultanina, Ruby Seedless and Rusalka 3, and the changes in grape berry dimensions and mass were tracked from anthesis to harvest. For each of the varieties, a double logistic model of change in berry length, width and mass from anthesis to harvest was developed and the metrics of growth - beginning, stabilisation and end of growth - for each of the two phases were determined. It was found that the metrics in mass and berry dimensions do not match and shift relative to each other over time. A comparison of growth metrics with phenological metrics, such as anthesis, veraison and ripening, showed that phenophases cannot be used as a time scale to record the acceleration of growth processes, as they shifted in time with growth metrics. An exception was veraison, which coincided with the beginning of the accelerated growth of grapes during the second growth phase, following the lag phase. The time scale presented in the current research is a new tool for monitoring growth processes and could help clarify the links between visible changes in the grape berries and the ongoing processes within them. The developed method can also be used for the analysis of various growth processes that follow the logistic law.

Solar Motion and Lunar Eclipses in Philolaus’ Cosmological System

Apeiron ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirk L. Couprie
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
The Sun ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Internal Logic ◽  
Wrong Side ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Solar Motion ◽  
Length Of The Day

Abstract In this paper, three problems that have hardly been noticed or even gone unnoticed in the available literature in the cosmology of Philolaus are addressed. They have to do with the interrelationships of the orbits of the Earth, the Sun, and the Moon around the Central Fire and all three of them constitute potentially insurmountable obstacles within the context of the Philolaic system. The first difficulty is Werner Ekschmitt’s claim that the Philolaic system cannot account for the length of the day (νυχϑήμερον). It is shown that this problem can be solved with the help of the distinction between the synodic day and the sidereal day. The other two problems discussed in this paper are concerned with two hitherto unnoticed deficiencies in the explanation of lunar eclipses in the Philolaic system. The Philolaic system cannot account for long-lasting lunar eclipses and according to the internal logic of the system, during lunar eclipses the Moon enters the shadow of the Earth from the wrong side. It is almost unbelievable that nobody, from the Pythagoreans themselves up to recent authors, has noticed these two serious deficiencies, and especially the latter, in the cosmology of Philolaus the Pythagorean.

scholarly journals PSVIII-24 Inbreeding levels of the Line 4 Hereford cattle population

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 269-269
Author(s):  
Jordan Hieber ◽  
Jennifer Thomson
Keyword(s):  
Inbreeding Depression ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Montana State University ◽  
Hereford Cattle ◽  
Genomic Inbreeding

Abstract Inbreeding is an increasing issue in the beef cattle industry due to increased use of artificial insemination (AI) and embryo transfer (ET). Inbreeding, or increased relatedness between animals, results in inbreeding depression and its effects have been well documented; reduced performance, reproduction, and profitability. However, there is a lack of understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in inbreeding depression. Long-term linebred populations offer a unique opportunity to better understand this, more specifically the Line 4 Hereford population. The population was established from the Line 1 Hereford population in 1962 and has been maintained by the Montana State University (MSU) Northern Agricultural Research Center (NARC) near Havre, MT since its establishment. Inbreeding was estimated using a complete pedigree (FPED) and genomic information on a subset of the population. A pedigree containing 3,453 animals was constructed covering years 1962 – 2018 and was used to calculate FCPED. Animals were selected for genotyping based on genetic contributions and availability. 241 semen, tissue, and blood samples were collected and genotyped with the Illumina Bovine GGP 50K BeadChip. Genomic inbreeding (FG) and pedigree inbreeding (FGPED) were evaluated for the 241 genotyped animals. Average rate of change in inbreeding per year was also evaluated. Runs of Homozygosity (ROH) analysis was performed in Golden Helix SVS v8.8.3. ROH were defined as a minimum run length of 500 kb with a minimum of 20 SNP. Inbreeding ranges were 0 – 34%, 0 – 98%, and 0 – 27% and the average inbreeding was 10.0%, 11.4%, and 15.3% for FPED, FG, and FGPED, respectively. The average rate of change in inbreeding per year was 0.3% over 57 years. Initial analysis found 30 regions identified by ROH, indicating that we can use ROH analysis and potentially Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) to identify regions of the genome being impacted by inbreeding depression.

POSITION FINDING BY RATE OF CHANGE OF ALTITUDE OF THE SUN

Survey Review ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 24 (189) ◽  
pp. 323-325
Author(s):  
R. F. Rish
Keyword(s):  
Rate Of Change ◽  
The Sun

scholarly journals GSC 4019 3345: An A-Type Twin Binary

2013 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Bakış ◽  
H. Bakış ◽  
Z. Eker
Keyword(s):  
Circular Orbit ◽  
Time Scale ◽  
Rotation Velocity ◽  
Young Age ◽  
Synthetic Spectrum ◽  
Evolutionary Status ◽  
Age Difference ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Synchronization Time ◽  
Orbit Modeling

AbstractPhysical dimensions and evolutionary status of the A-type twin binary GSC 4019 3345 are presented. Located at a distance of ~1.1 kpc from the Sun, the system was found to have two components with identical masses (M1,2 = 1.92 M⊙), radii (R1,2 = 1.76 R⊙), and luminosities (log L1,2 = 1.1 L⊙) revolving in a circular orbit. Modeling the components with theoretical evolutionary tracks and isochrones implies a young age (t = 280 Myr) for the system, which is bigger than the synchronization time scale but smaller than the circularization time scale. Nevertheless, synthetic spectrum models revealed components’ rotation velocity of Vrot12 = 70 km s−1, that is about three times higher than their synchronization velocity. No evidence is found for an age difference between the components.

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