Dietary zinc oxide supplementation in weaner piglets does not cause differential expression of digestive enzymes

2007 ◽  
Vol 2007 ◽  
pp. 202-202
Author(s):  
H. Sargeant ◽  
H.M. Miller ◽  
M.A. Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Absorptive Capacity ◽  
Enzyme Production ◽  
Digestive Enzymes ◽  
Digestive Enzyme ◽  
Enzyme Expression ◽  
Gut Morphology ◽  
Increase Growth Rate ◽  
Feed Utilisation ◽  
Characteristic Growth

Piglet weaner diets are often supplemented with the antimicrobial mineral zinc oxide (ZnO) to minimise the characteristic growth check post weaning in commercial systems. Zinc has been shown to decrease the incidence of scours, maintain gut morphology and feed intake, and increase growth rate, although the mechanism for these effects remains unclear. Weaning is often accompanied with a decrease in digestive enzyme production by enterocytes, decreasing digestive and absorptive capacity. Digestive enzyme requirements also alter with the dietary change from milk to a solid cereal-based diet, and improvements in enzymatic adaptations may increase digestion and absorption and improve feed utilisation. It is hypothesised in this study that the growth effects of ZnO are linked to improvement in digestion by altering digestive enzyme expression and activity. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the effects of ZnO are linked to expression of the digestive enzymes lactase phlorizin hydrolase (LPH) and aminopeptidase N (ANPEP) in the small intestine (S.I.).

scholarly journals Digestive Enzyme Activity and Protein Degradation in Plasma of Heart Failure Patients

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasiliki Courelli ◽  
Alla Ahmad ◽  
Majid Ghassemian ◽  
Chris Pruitt ◽  
Paul J. Mills ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Digestive Enzymes ◽  
Digestive Enzyme ◽  
Myocardial Cell ◽  
Systemic Circulation ◽  
Tissue Destruction ◽  
Cell Functions ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Elevated Activity ◽  
Trigger Mechanisms

Abstract Introduction Heart failure is associated with degradation of cell functions and extracellular matrix proteins, but the trigger mechanisms are uncertain. Our recent evidence shows that active digestive enzymes can leak out of the small intestine into the systemic circulation and cause cell dysfunctions and organ failure. Methods Accordingly, we investigated in morning fasting plasma of heart failure (HF) patients the presence of pancreatic trypsin, a major enzyme responsible for digestion. Results Western analysis shows that trypsin in plasma is significantly elevated in HF compared to matched controls and their concentrations correlate with the cardiac dysfunction biomarker BNP and inflammatory biomarkers CRP and TNF-α. The plasma trypsin levels in HF are accompanied by elevated pancreatic lipase concentrations. The trypsin has a significantly elevated activity as determined by substrate cleavage. Mass spectrometry shows that the number of plasma proteins in the HF patients is similar to controls while the number of peptides was increased about 20% in HF patients. The peptides are derived from extracellular and intracellular protein sources and exhibit cleavage sites by trypsin as well as other degrading proteases (data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD026332). Connclusions These results provide the first evidence that active digestive enzymes leak into the systemic circulation and may participate in myocardial cell dysfunctions and tissue destruction in HF patients. Conclusions These results provide the first evidence that active digestive enzymes leak into the systemic circulation and may participate in myocardial cell dysfunctions and tissue destruction in HF patients.

scholarly journals Jasmonate-independent regulation of digestive enzyme activity in the carnivorous butterwort Pinguicula × Tina

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (12) ◽  
pp. 3749-3758 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ondřej Kocáb ◽  
Jana Jakšová ◽  
Ondřej Novák ◽  
Ivan Petřík ◽  
René Lenobel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Jasmonic Acid ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Digestive Enzymes ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Prey Capture ◽  
Digestive Enzyme ◽  
Carnivorous Plants ◽  
Alpha Amylase ◽  
Jasmonate Signaling ◽  
Digestive Enzyme Activities

Abstract Carnivorous plants within the order Caryophyllales use jasmonates, a class of phytohormone, in the regulation of digestive enzyme activities. We used the carnivorous butterwort Pinguicula × Tina from the order Lamiales to investigate whether jasmonate signaling is a universal and ubiquitous signaling pathway that exists outside the order Caryophyllales. We measured the electrical signals, enzyme activities, and phytohormone tissue levels in response to prey capture. Mass spectrometry was used to identify proteins in the digestive secretion. We identified eight enzymes in the digestive secretion, many of which were previously found in other genera of carnivorous plants. Among them, alpha-amylase is unique in carnivorous plants. Enzymatic activities increased in response to prey capture; however, the tissue content of jasmonic acid and its isoleucine conjugate remained rather low in contrast to the jasmonate response to wounding. Enzyme activities did not increase in response to the exogenous application of jasmonic acid or coronatine. Whereas similar digestive enzymes were co-opted from plant defense mechanisms among carnivorous plants, the mode of their regulation differs. The butterwort has not co-opted jasmonate signaling for the induction of enzyme activities in response to prey capture. Moreover, the presence of alpha-amylase in digestive fluid of P. × Tina, which has not been found in other genera of carnivorous plants, might indicate that non-defense-related genes have also been co-opted for carnivory.

scholarly journals Composition of gastrointestinal content, protease and lipase activities in summer and winter of four freshwater siluriforms (Teleostei: Actinopterygii) with two different feeding habits

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Paula Gottlieb Almeida ◽  
Everton Luis Zardo ◽  
Candida Toni ◽  
Everton Rodolfo Behr ◽  
Leila Picolli da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Nutrient Availability ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Digestive Enzymes ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Digestive Enzyme ◽  
Digestive Enzyme Activity ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

The aim of this study was to determine the composition of gastrointestinal content and protease and lipase activities in summer and winter as well as to evaluate the relationship between digestive enzyme activity and centesimal composition of gastrointestinal content and feeding habits of two omnivorous species, Rhamdiaquelen (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824) and Pimelodusmaculatus (LaCèpede, 1803), and of two detritivorous species, Loricariichthysanus (Valenciennes, 1835) and Hypostomuscommersoni (Valenciennes, 1836). The activities of pepsin, trypsin, chymotrypsin, and lipase, and the levels of proteins and lipids in the gastrointestinal tract, were evaluated. The enzyme activities were not related to the centesimal composition of gastrointestinal content or feeding habits. This finding could be associated with the variations of nutrient availability over time in the environment, as was observed in the centesimal composition of food ingested by the fish in summer and winter. The analyzed enzymes exhibited a constitutive character in these species; that is, the digestive enzymes are always available in the gastrointestinal tract to digest any food that the fish may find as an adaptation to better utilize the nutrients available in the environment in winter and summer.

scholarly journals Discovery of digestive enzymes in carnivorous plants with focus on proteases

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e4914 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rishiesvari Ravee ◽  
Faris ‘Imadi Mohd Salleh ◽  
Hoe-Han Goh
Keyword(s):  
Digestive Enzymes ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Digestive Enzyme ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Carnivorous Plants ◽  
Pitcher Plants ◽  
Enzyme Discovery ◽  
Plant Proteases ◽  
Recombinant Technology

BackgroundCarnivorous plants have been fascinating researchers with their unique characters and bioinspired applications. These include medicinal trait of some carnivorous plants with potentials for pharmaceutical industry.MethodsThis review will cover recent progress based on current studies on digestive enzymes secreted by different genera of carnivorous plants:Drosera(sundews),Dionaea(Venus flytrap), Nepenthes(tropical pitcher plants),Sarracenia(North American pitcher plants), Cephalotus(Australian pitcher plants), Genlisea(corkscrew plants),andUtricularia(bladderworts).ResultsSince the discovery of secreted protease nepenthesin inNepenthespitcher, digestive enzymes from carnivorous plants have been the focus of many studies. Recent genomics approaches have accelerated digestive enzyme discovery. Furthermore, the advancement in recombinant technology and protein purification helped in the identification and characterisation of enzymes in carnivorous plants.DiscussionThese different aspects will be described and discussed in this review with focus on the role of secreted plant proteases and their potential industrial applications.

Effects of probiotics dietary supplementation on growth performance, innate immunity and digestive enzymes of silver pomfret, Pampus argenteus

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quanxin Gao ◽  
Changfeng Xiao ◽  
Minghua Min ◽  
Chenjie Zhang ◽  
Shiming Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Digestive Enzymes ◽  
Digestive Enzyme ◽  
Lysozyme Activity ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Pampus Argenteus ◽  
Feed Conversion Rate ◽  
Silver Pomfret

The effects of dietary probiotics on growth performance, innate immunity and digestive enzymes of silver pomfret were investigated. Compared to the control, diets supplemented with Bacillus subtilis, Lactobacillus plantarum and Clostridium butyricum caused significant improvements of growth performance, including final weight, weight gain, specific growth rate and feed conversion rate. A better growth performance among probiotic treatments was obtained in fish fed B. subtilis. To reveal the effects of these three probiotics on innate immunity of silver pomfret, lysozyme activity, SOD activity and IgM concentrations were examined. Results showed that silver pomfret fed diets containing C. butyricum, L. plantarum and B. subtilis had led to an enhanced innate response, notably higher lysozyme activity, SOD activity and IgM concentrations, as recorded after 30 and 60 days of feeding. In addition, study of different digestive enzymes viz lipase, protease and amylase activities showed significant higher values in fish fed the probiotic diets in comparison to the untreated group. These findings demonstrated that administration of C. butyricum, L. plantarum and B. subtilis can improve growth performance through enhanced immune response and digestive enzyme activity in silver pomfret. Furthermore, the B. subtilis is highly recommended as dietary probiotics in silver pomfret.

Effect of brown seaweeds on Pacific white shrimp growth performance, gut morphology, digestive enzymes activity and resistance to white spot virus

Aquaculture ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 495 ◽  
pp. 359-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Delano Dias Schleder ◽  
Luiz Guilherme Buglione Peruch ◽  
Moisés Angel Poli ◽  
Tamiris Henrique Ferreira ◽  
Carlos Peres Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Digestive Enzymes ◽  
Pacific White Shrimp ◽  
White Spot ◽  
White Shrimp ◽  
Spot Virus ◽  
Gut Morphology ◽  
Brown Seaweeds ◽  
Enzymes Activity
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