Incidence of African swine fever and its socio-economic implications on pig production in Lagos state, Nigeria

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 37-37
Author(s):  
A O K Adesehinwa ◽  
J O Saka
Keyword(s):  
Significant Contribution ◽  
African Swine Fever ◽  
Ecological Zone ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
Pig Production ◽  
High Quality Protein ◽  
Pig Farms ◽  
Lagos State ◽  
Specific Factors

The significant contribution of pig production in the supply of high quality protein in Nigeria is evident in the rapid increase in number of pig farms witnessed recently. However, African Swine Fever (ASF) has since ravaged pig farms and consequently resulted in loss of farmers’ investments especially in some parts of the Southwest Agro-ecological zone of Nigeria (Majiyagbe et al., 2004; Otesile et al., 2005; Olugasa and Ijagbone, 2007). Putting the growth of the enterprise back on track requires proper assessment of the socio-economic environment surrounding the spread of the disease with the aim of determining the extent of infection, the consequences in terms of mortality of animals and loss of revenue alongside identifying farm specific factors that could have contributed to the spread. This study thus investigated the incidence of ASF and its socio-economic implications on pig enterprise in the zone.

Technology of high quality protein crystals’ obtaining aboard the ISS at execution of joint Japanese–Russian experiments

2020 ◽  
pp. 5-25
Author(s):  
Koji INAKA ◽  
Saori ICHIMIZU ◽  
Izumi YOSHIZAKI ◽  
Kiyohito KIHIRA ◽  
Elena G. LAVRENKO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Design ◽  
International Space Station ◽  
Space Station ◽  
Protein Crystals ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
High Quality ◽  
International Space ◽  
X Ray ◽  
High Quality Protein

A series of space experiments aboard the International Space Station (ISS) associated with high-quality Protein Crystal Growth (PCG) in microgravity conditions can be considered as a unique and one of the best examples of fruitful collaboration between Japanese and Russian scientists and engineers in space, which includes also other ISS International Partners. X-ray diffraction is still the most powerful tool to determine the protein three dimensional structure necessary for Structure based drug design (SBDD). The major purpose of the experiment is to grow high quality protein crystals in microgravity for X-ray diffraction on Earth. Within one and a half decade, Japan and Russia have established an efficient process over PCG in space to support latest developments over drug design and structural biology. One of the keys for success of the experiment lies in how precisely pre-launch preparations are made. Japanese party provides flight equipment for crystallization and ensures the required environment to support the experiment aboard of the ISS’s Kibo module, and also mainly takes part of the experiment ground support such as protein sample characterization, purification, crystallization screening, and solution optimization for microgravity experiment. Russian party is responsible for integration of the flight items equipped with proteins and precipitants on board Russian transportation space vehicles (Soyuz or Progress), for delivery them at the ISS, transfer to Kibo module, and returning the experiments’ results back on Earth aboard Soyuz manned capsule. Due to close cooperation of the parties and solid organizational structure, samples can be launched at the ISS every half a year if the ground preparation goes smoothly. The samples are crystallized using counter diffusion method at 20 degree C for 1–2.5 months. After samples return, the crystals are carefully taken out from the capillary, and frozen for X-ray diffraction at SPring8 facility in Japan. Extensive support of researchers from both countries is also a part of this process. The paper analyses details of the PCG experiment scheme, unique and reliable technology of its execution, and contains examples of the application. Key words: International Space Station, Protein crystals, Microgravity, International collaboration.

scholarly journals Analysis of Risk Factors for African Swine Fever in Lombardy to Identify Pig Holdings and Areas Most at Risk of Introduction in Order to Plan Preventive Measures

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1077
Author(s):  
Silvia Bellini ◽  
Alessandra Scaburri ◽  
Marco Tironi ◽  
Stefania Calò
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
At Risk ◽  
European Union ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
African Swine Fever ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Pork Products ◽  
Pig Farms

In 2019, the area of the European Union (EU) affected by African swine fever (ASF) expanded progressively in a southwestern direction from Baltic and eastern countries. The disease can severely affect and disrupt regional and international trade of pigs and pork products with serious socioeconomic damages to the pig industry. Lombardy is one of the most important European pig producers and the introduction of ASF into the pig population could adversely affect the entire sector. A study was carried out to identify the farms and territories in the region most at risk of ASF introduction to plan preventive measures. The pig holdings were identified through a descriptive analysis of pig movements and Social Network Analysis (SNA), while, for the identification of the most exposed municipalities, an assessment of risk factors was carried out using the ranking of summed scores attributed to the Z-score. From the analysis, it was found that 109 municipalities and 297 pig holdings of the region were potentially more at risk, and these holdings were selected for target surveillance. This information was provided to veterinary authority to target surveillance in pig farms, in order to early detect a possible incursion of ASF and prevent its spread.

scholarly journals Arthropods as potential vectors of African swine fever virus outbreaks in pig farms in the Republic of Korea

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hachung Yoon ◽  
Seong‐Keun Hong ◽  
Ilseob Lee ◽  
Deuk‐Soo Choi ◽  
Jong‐Ho Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
African Swine Fever Virus ◽  
African Swine Fever ◽  
Fever Virus ◽  
Republic Of Korea ◽  
Pig Farms ◽  
The Republic

scholarly journals Heterosis in crosses among white grain maize populations with high quality protein

2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Márcio Costa Rodrigues ◽  
Lázaro José Chaves ◽  
Cleso Antônio Patto Pacheco
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Normal Equation ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Maize Populations ◽  
High Quality Protein ◽  
Female Flowering ◽  
White Grain

The objective of this work was to investigate heterosis and its components in 16 white grain maize populations presenting high quality protein. These populations were divided according to grain type in order to establish different heterosis groups. The crosses were carried out according to a partial diallel cross design among flint and dent populations. Seven agronomic traits were evaluated in three environments while four leaf diseases and incidence of corn stunt were evaluated in one. Least square procedure was applied to the normal equation X'Xbeta = X'Y, to estimate the model effects and their respective sum of squares. Among the heterosis components, in diallel analysis, significance for average heterosis in grain yield, number of days to female flowering and to all evaluated diseases was detected. Specific heterosis was significant for days to female flowering and resistance to Puccinia polysora. Results concerned to grain yield trait indicate that populations with superior performance in dent group, no matter what flint population group is used in crosses, tend to generate superior intervarietal hybrids. In decreasing order of preference, the dent type populations CMS 476, ZQP/B 103 and ZQP/B 101 and the flint type CMS 461, CMS 460, ZQP/B 104 and ZQP/B 102 are recommended to form composites.

scholarly journals Risk Factors for Antimicrobial Use on Irish Pig Farms

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2828
Author(s):  
Lorcan O’Neill ◽  
Julia Adriana Calderón Díaz ◽  
Maria Rodrigues da Costa ◽  
Sinnead Oakes ◽  
Finola C. Leonard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Swine Influenza ◽  
Antimicrobial Use ◽  
Respiratory Pathogens ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Pig Production ◽  
Pig Farms ◽  
Prophylactic Use ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Biosecurity Practices

The threat to public health posed by antimicrobial resistance in livestock production means that the pig sector is a particular focus for efforts to reduce antimicrobial use (AMU). This study sought to investigate the risk factors for AMU in Irish pig production. Antimicrobial use data were collected from 52 farrow-to-finish farms. The risk factors investigated were farm characteristics and performance, biosecurity practices, prevalence of pluck lesions at slaughter and serological status for four common respiratory pathogens and vaccination and prophylactic AMU practices. Linear regression models were used for quantitative AMU analysis and risk factors for specific AMU practices were investigated using logistic regression. Farms that milled their own feed had lower total AMU (p < 0.001), whereas higher finisher mortality (p = 0.043) and vaccinating for swine influenza (p < 0.001) increased AMU. Farms with higher prevalence of pericarditis (p = 0.037) and lung abscesses (p = 0.046) used more group treatments. Farms with higher prevalence of liver milk spot lesions (p = 0.018) and farms practising prophylactic AMU in piglets (p = 0.03) had higher numbers of individual treatments. Farms practising prophylactic AMU in piglets (p = 0.002) or sows (p = 0.062) had higher use of cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones. This study identified prophylactic use and respiratory disease as the main drivers for AMU in Irish pig production. These findings highlight areas of farm management where interventions may aid in reducing AMU on Irish pig farms.

scholarly journals High quality protein crystal growth under microgravity in JAXA PCG project

2011 ◽  
Vol 67 (a1) ◽  
pp. C460-C460
Author(s):  
M. Sato ◽  
H. Tanaka ◽  
K. Inaka ◽  
S. Sano ◽  
M. Masaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Growth ◽  
Protein Crystal ◽  
High Quality ◽  
High Quality Protein ◽  
Protein Crystal Growth

scholarly journals FALCON2: a web server for high-quality prediction of protein tertiary structures

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lupeng Kong ◽  
Fusong Ju ◽  
Haicang Zhang ◽  
Shiwei Sun ◽  
Dongbo Bu
Keyword(s):  
Protein Structure ◽  
Ab Initio ◽  
Protein Structure Prediction ◽  
Structure Prediction ◽  
Web Server ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Tertiary Structures ◽  
Target Proteins ◽  
High Quality Protein ◽  
Protein Functions

Abstract Background Accurate prediction of protein tertiary structures is highly desired as the knowledge of protein structures provides invaluable insights into protein functions. We have designed two approaches to protein structure prediction, including a template-based modeling approach (called ProALIGN) and an ab initio prediction approach (called ProFOLD). Briefly speaking, ProALIGN aligns a target protein with templates through exploiting the patterns of context-specific alignment motifs and then builds the final structure with reference to the homologous templates. In contrast, ProFOLD uses an end-to-end neural network to estimate inter-residue distances of target proteins and builds structures that satisfy these distance constraints. These two approaches emphasize different characteristics of target proteins: ProALIGN exploits structure information of homologous templates of target proteins while ProFOLD exploits the co-evolutionary information carried by homologous protein sequences. Recent progress has shown that the combination of template-based modeling and ab initio approaches is promising. Results In the study, we present FALCON2, a web server that integrates ProALIGN and ProFOLD to provide high-quality protein structure prediction service. For a target protein, FALCON2 executes ProALIGN and ProFOLD simultaneously to predict possible structures and selects the most likely one as the final prediction result. We evaluated FALCON2 on widely-used benchmarks, including 104 CASP13 (the 13th Critical Assessment of protein Structure Prediction) targets and 91 CASP14 targets. In-depth examination suggests that when high-quality templates are available, ProALIGN is superior to ProFOLD and in other cases, ProFOLD shows better performance. By integrating these two approaches with different emphasis, FALCON2 server outperforms the two individual approaches and also achieves state-of-the-art performance compared with existing approaches. Conclusions By integrating template-based modeling and ab initio approaches, FALCON2 provides an easy-to-use and high-quality protein structure prediction service for the community and we expect it to enable insights into a deep understanding of protein functions.

scholarly journals ADMINISTRATIVE AND LEGAL REGULATION OF THE FILM INDUSTRY IN UKRAINE AND ITS PROBLEMS

2019 ◽  
pp. 101-106
Author(s):  
K.R. Koroshchenko
Keyword(s):  
Spiritual Development ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Film Industry ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
The State ◽  
Legal Assistance ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Quality Product ◽  
The Future ◽  
Global Perception

The article is devoted to the topic of cinema development in Ukraine and the role of state aid in the development of the film industry. Much effort is required to develop cinematography, mainly from the state in the form of material and legal assistance. In order for the film industry to start productive activities, it is beneficial for the Ukrainians who have something to look at, as well as for the state, which will have an income to the state budget. The film industry is an important component of the cultural sphere. Cinema helps the individual to escape from problems, to plunge into another reality. In the 21st century, cinema is not a way to have fun, but a source for the beginning of thinking, analysis, and cognition. The movie industry is a powerful lever for the country’s development. Much effort is required to develop cinematography, mainly from the state in the form of material and legal assistance. To date, the cinema industry in Ukraine needs to solve the existing problems. The main problem is concentrated in the structures that receive state financial aid and misuse it. It is impossible to say that the developed film industry is the lion’s share of the country’s budget. To produce high-quality tapes is beneficial not only for the economy but also for the global perception of Ukraine as a state that is able to move forward in all areas. The development of the film industry is a significant contribution to the spiritual development of the nation, as well as the opportunity for the future international recognition and perception of domestic cinema as another quality product from Ukraine. It is impossible to say that the developed film industry is the lion’s share of the country’s budget. To produce high-quality tapes is beneficial not only for the economy but also for the global perception of Ukraine is a state that is able to move forward in all areas. The development of the film industry is a significant contribution to the spiritual development of the nation, as well as the opportunity for the future international recognition and perception of domestic cinema as another quality product from Ukraine. Keywords: cinematography, film industry, administrative regulation, legal regulation, cinema product, financing.

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