Minimizing competition between glyphosate-resistant volunteer canola (Brassica napus) and glyphosate-resistant soybean: impact of soybean planting date and rate

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 220-228
Author(s):  
Allyson Mierau ◽  
Eric N. Johnson ◽  
Robert H. Gulden ◽  
Jessica D. Weber ◽  
William E. May ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Market Price ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
Optimal Rate ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
The Impact

AbstractIn recent years, soybean acreage has increased significantly in western Canada. One of the challenges associated with growing soybean in western Canada is the control of volunteer glyphosate-resistant (GR) canola, because most soybean cultivars are also glyphosate resistant. The objective of this research was to determine the impact of soybean seeding rate and planting date on competition with volunteer canola. We also attempted to determine how high seeding rate could be raised while still being economically feasible for producers. Soybean was seeded at five different seeding rates (targeted 10, 20, 40, 80, and 160 plants m−2) and three planting dates (targeted mid-May, late May, and early June) at four sites across western Canada in 2014 and 2015. Soybean yield consistently increased with higher seeding rates, whereas volunteer canola biomass decreased. Planting date generally produced variable results across site-years. An economic analysis determined that the optimal rate was 40 to 60 plants m−2, depending on market price, and the optimal planting date range was from May 20 to June 1.

scholarly journals Revisiting Planting Date and Cultivar Effects on Soybean Sudden Death Syndrome Development and Yield Loss

Plant Disease ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 100 (10) ◽  
pp. 2152-2157 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Marburger ◽  
Damon L. Smith ◽  
Shawn P. Conley
Keyword(s):  
Sudden Death ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
Sudden Death Syndrome ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
The Impact

The impact of today’s optimal planting dates on sudden death syndrome (SDS) (caused by Fusarium virguliforme) development and soybean yield loss are not yet well understood. Field trials established in Hancock, Wisconsin during 2013 and 2014 investigated interactions between planting date and cultivar on SDS development and soybean yield. In 2013, disease index (DX) levels differed among cultivars, but results showed no difference between the 6 May and 24 May planting dates. Significantly lower DX levels were observed for the 17 June date. Greatest yields were found in the 6 May planting date, and yield losses were 720 (17%), 770 (20%), and 400 kg ha−1 (12%) for the 6 May, 24 May, 17 and June planting dates, respectively. In 2014, cultivars again differed for DX, but results showed highest DX levels in the 5 May planting date, with little disease observed in the 22 May and 11 June dates. Yield losses were 400 (12%) and 270 kg ha−1 (9%) for the 5 May and 22 May dates, respectively, but no difference was found in the 11 June date. Despite the most symptom development, these results suggest early May planting coupled with appropriate cultivar selection provides maximum yield potential and profitability in Wisconsin.

Impact of Planting Date on Melanaphis sacchari (Hemiptera: Aphididae) Population Dynamics and Grain Sorghum Yield

2019 ◽  
Vol 112 (6) ◽  
pp. 2731-2736 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas J Seiter ◽  
Anne D Miskelley ◽  
Gus M Lorenz ◽  
Neelendra K Joshi ◽  
Glenn E Studebaker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
The United States ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
Melanaphis Sacchari ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Sugarcane Aphid ◽  
Aphid Feeding ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The sugarcane aphid, Melanaphis sacchari (Zehntner) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), has become a major pest of grain sorghum, Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench, in the United States in recent years. Feeding by large densities of sugarcane aphids causes severe damage, which can lead to a total loss of yield in extreme cases. Our objective was to determine the effect of grain sorghum planting date on sugarcane aphid population dynamics and their potential to reduce yields. We conducted field experiments from 2015 to 2017 in which an aphid-susceptible grain sorghum hybrid was planted at four different dates, which encompassed the typical range of planting dates used in Arkansas production systems. Plots were either protected from sugarcane aphid feeding using foliar insecticide sprays, or left untreated to allow natural populations of sugarcane aphids to colonize and reproduce freely. Planting date impacted both the magnitude and severity of sugarcane aphid infestations, with the highest population densities (and subsequent reductions in sorghum yield) generally occurring on plots that were planted in May or June. Sugarcane aphid feeding reduced yields in the untreated plots in two of the four planting date categories we tested. Earlier planting generally resulted in less sugarcane aphid damage and improved yields compared with later planting dates. While the effect of planting date on sugarcane aphid populations is likely to vary by region, sorghum producers should consider grain sorghum planting date as a potential cultural tactic to reduce the impact of sugarcane aphid.

scholarly journals Effect of Planting Date and Cultivar Maturity in Edamame Quality and Harvest Window

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Moseley ◽  
Marcos Paulo da Silva ◽  
Leandro Mozzoni ◽  
Moldir Orazaly ◽  
Liliana Florez-Palacios ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
Harvest Date ◽  
Timely Manner ◽  
Phenological Stages ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Harvest Dates ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Harvest Strategy ◽  
The Impact

Edamame is a food-grade soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] that is harvested immature between the R6 and R7 reproductive stages. To be labeled as a premium product, the edamame market demands large pod size and intense green color. A staggered harvest season is critical for the commercial industry to post-harvest process the crop in a timely manner. Currently, there is little information to assist in predicting the optimum time to harvest edamame when the pods are at their collective largest size and greenest color. The objectives of this study were to assess the impact of cultivar, planting date, and harvest date on edamame color, pod weight, and a newly minted Edamame Harvest Quality Index combining both aforementioned factors. And to predict edamame harvest quality based on phenological stages, thermal units, and planting dates. We observed that pod color and weight depended on the cultivar, planting date, and harvest date combination. Our results also indicated that edamame quality is increased with delayed planting dates and that quality was dependent on harvest date with a quadratic negative response to delaying harvest. Maximum quality depended on cultivar and planting and harvest dates, but it remained stable for an interval of 18–27 days around the peak. Finally, we observed that the number of days between R1 and harvest was consistently identified as a key factor driving edamame quality by both stepwise regression and neural network analysis. These research results will help define a planting and harvest strategy for edamame production in Arkansas and the United States Mid-South.

Seeding rate and cultivar effects on canola (Brassica napus) competition with volunteer wheat (Triticum aestivum)

2016 ◽  
Vol 67 (8) ◽  
pp. 857 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deirdre Lemerle ◽  
David J. Luckett ◽  
Eric A. Koetz ◽  
Trent Potter ◽  
Hanwen Wu
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Potential Interaction ◽  
Weed Suppression ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Rotational Crop ◽  
The Impact

Canola (Brassica napus L.) is an important rotational crop in the temperate cropping zone of southern Australia. Herbicide-resistant weeds are rapidly spreading and reducing canola grain yield and quality. Crop competition is a useful tool for reducing weed costs and dependence on herbicides, and retarding the spread of herbicide resistance. The potential interaction of canola seeding rate and cultivar for weed management has not been quantified in Australia. A field experiment was conducted in three environments to examine the impact of two contrasting canola cultivars (a low vigour type and a high vigour hybrid) at four seeding rates (10–100 plants/m2) on volunteer wheat (~50 plants/m2). Significant but variable effects of crop seeding rate, cultivar and weed were detected on canola density and grain yield, and on the suppression of volunteer wheat. The canola hybrids suppressed volunteer wheat more than the less vigorous cultivars in all the experiments. There was no benefit of increasing canola seeding rate above the normally recommended rate of 40 plants/m2 for weed suppression. The seed production of volunteer wheat on average doubled when canola density dropped from 40 to 10 plants/m2. Treatment effects on canola grain yield losses from weeds were less than those on weed suppression. The grain yield of both cultivars was reduced between 30% and 40% with weeds at a canola density of 40 plants/m2 and plateaued above this density in weedy conditions. Maintaining canola plant establishment and using competitive cultivars is critical to avoiding weed seedbank replenishment, and reducing canola yield losses from weed competition.

Impact of seeding rate and depth on mycosphaerella blight and seed yield of field pea

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 845-853 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. F. Hwang ◽  
R. L. Conner ◽  
K. F. Chang ◽  
B. D. Gossen ◽  
H. Su ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Mycosphaerella Pinodes ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Seedling Density ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Foliar Fungicide ◽  
The Impact

Mycosphaerella blight (Mycosphaerella pinodes) occurs throughout western Canada and can severely reduce field pea (Pisum sativum) seed yield. Field trials were conducted at two sites (Edmonton, AB, and Morden, MB) from 2001 to 2003 to assess the impact of seeding rate and seeding depth on blight severity. Mycosphaerella blight severity in the canopy was greater at higher seeding rates; treatments seeded at 30 plants m-2 had lower levels of disease than those seeded at more than 100 seeds m-2. However, yield potential was reduced at low seeding densities. Depth of seeding did not affect seedling density, disease severity, yield or final seed weight. In addition, field trials were conducted at Edmonton to quantify yield losses associated with mycosphaerella blight in Alberta. In trials inoculated with M. pinodes, application of a foliar fungicide (chlorothalonil) increased yield by about 20% over the unprotected control. Key words: Pisum, Mycosphaerella, fungicide, crop management, yield loss

scholarly journals Planting Date and Seeding Rate Effects on Sunn Hemp Biomass and Nitrogen Production for a Winter Cover Crop

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kipling S. Balkcom ◽  
Jessica M. Massey ◽  
Jorge A. Mosjidis ◽  
Andrew J. Price ◽  
Stephen F. Enloe
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Rate Effects ◽  
Sunn Hemp ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations

Sunn hemp (Crotalaria junceaL.) is a tropical legume that produces plant biomass and nitrogen (N) quickly. Our objectives were to assess the growth of a new sunn hemp cultivar breed to produce seed in a temperate climate and determine the residual N effect on a rye (Secale cerealeL.) cover crop in east-central Alabama from 2007 to 2009. Plant populations, plant height, stem diameter, biomass production, and N content were determined for two sunn hemp planting dates, following corn (Zea maysL.) and wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) harvest, across different seeding rates (17, 34, 50, and 67 kg/ha). Rye biomass was measured the following spring. Sunn hemp biomass production was inconsistent across planting dates, but did relate to growing degree accumulation. Nitrogen concentrations were inversely related to biomass production, and subsequent N contents corresponded to biomass levels. Neither planting date nor seeding rate affected rye biomass production, but rye biomass averaged over both planting dates following wheat/sunn hemp averaged 43% and 33% greater than rye following fallow. Rye biomass following corn/sunn hemp was equivalent to fallow plots. Early planting dates are recommended for sunn hemp with seeding rates between 17 and 34 kg/ha to maximize biomass and N production.

Effects of Planting Date and Seeding Rate on Egyptian Cotton (Gossypium barbadense)

1975 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 215-220
Author(s):  
M. A. El Fawal ◽  
A. F. El Okkia ◽  
A. A. Abdel-Bary ◽  
A. A. El-Khishen
Keyword(s):  
Yield Components ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cotton Yield ◽  
Seed Cotton ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Seed Cotton Yield ◽  
The Third ◽  
Egyptian Cotton

SUMMARYWork was conducted in Alexandria and Sakha districts, Egypt, to study the influence of planting dates and seeding rates on yield of seed cotton, yield components and fibre properties of Egyptian cotton, Menoufi variety, during 1970–1972. Four planting dates were studied, together with four seeding rates. The number of lost plants decreased as planting date was delayed, and the highest yield of seed cotton resulted from the third date of planting (20–23 March) using hand-drilling. Neither planting dates nor seeding rates had significant effects on most of the other characteristics studied.

Weed Control in Soybean as Influenced by Residual Herbicide Use and Glyphosate-Application Timing Following Different Planting Dates

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan P. DeWerff ◽  
Shawn P. Conley ◽  
Jed B. Colquhoun ◽  
Vince M. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Resistance Management ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
Residual Soil ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Weed Density ◽  
Herbicide Use ◽  
Residual Herbicide

Soybean planting has occurred earlier in the Midwestern United States in recent years; however, earlier planting subjects the crop to longer durations of weed interference. This may change the optimum timing of POST glyphosate applications, or increase the need for residual herbicides applied PRE to optimize yield. A field study was conducted in 2012 and 2013 near Arlington, WI to determine the effect of planting date, residual herbicide use, and POST glyphosate timing on weed control and soybean yield. Planting dates were late April, mid-May, and early June. A PRE application of sulfentrazone plus cloransulam was applied to half the plots following each planting date. Glyphosate was applied POST to all plots at the V1, V2, V4, or R1 soybean growth stage. Planting date and glyphosate timing did not affect soybean yield in this study. However, averaged across years, planting dates, and POST glyphosate timings, yield increased from 3,280 to 3,500 kg ha−1when a PRE herbicide with residual soil activity was used. In POST-only treatments, delaying the planting date to June decreased weed density at POST application timing from 127 to 5 plants m−2(96%) and from 205 to 42 plants m−2(80%) in 2012 and 2013, respectively. Where a PRE was used, total weed density at POST application timing was always less within planting date, and also declined from early to late planting date 26 to 3 plants m−2(89%) and 23 to 6 plants m−2(74%) in 2012 and 2013, respectively. In conclusion, both PRE herbicide use and delayed soybean planting were effective strategies to reduce the number of in-crop weeds exposed to POST glyphosate and should be considered as strategies to reduce the number of weeds exposed to POST herbicides for resistance management.

scholarly journals Effects of Planting Date for Soybean Growth, Development, and Yield in the Southern USA

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 596
Author(s):  
Nick R. Bateman ◽  
Angus L. Catchot ◽  
Jeff Gore ◽  
Don R. Cook ◽  
Fred R. Musser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Canopy Closure ◽  
Maturity Group ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Southern Us ◽  
Crop Development ◽  
The Impact

As fluctuating commodity prices change the agriculture landscape on a yearly basis, soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) has become the predominant crop in the southern USA, accounting for 65 percent of the total row crop production in the state. To accommodate increased soybean production, planting dates have expanded, spanning from late March through July. To determine the impact of this expanded planting window on soybean development and yield, field experiments were conducted at Starkville and Stoneville, MS, in 2013 and 2014. Treatments included seven planting dates ranging from 25 March to 15 July and two soybean cultivars (one Maturity Group IV and one Maturity Group V cultivar). These studies were conducted in irrigated high––yielding environments. Experimental units were sampled weekly for insect pests and insecticides were applied when populations exceeded the levels at which applications were recommended. Planting date had a significant impact on crop development, plant height, canopy closure, and yield. As planting date was delayed, the time required for crop development decreased from 122 total days for plantings on 25 March to 83 days for plantings on 15 July. For plantings after 2 June, plant height decreased by 1.1 cm per day. Canopy closure decreased by 1.01% per day after 27 May. Soybean yield decreased 26.7 kg/ha per day when soybean was planted after 20 April. This research demonstrates the importance of early planting dates for soybean producers in the southern US to ensure profitability by maximizing yield potential.

scholarly journals Maximizing Soybean Yield by Understanding Planting Date, Maturity Group, and Seeding Rate Interactions in North Carolina

Crop Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. C. Morris ◽  
R. A. Vann ◽  
J. Heitman ◽  
G. D. Collins ◽  
R. W. Heiniger
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Maturity Group ◽  
Soybean Yield
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