Use of Ca+2 to re-aggregate lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in hemoglobin solutions and the subsequent removal of endotoxin by ultrafiltration

1998 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liping Li ◽  
Robert G. Luo
Keyword(s):  
Subsequent Removal

Droplet Factories: Synthesis and Assembly of Silver and Palladium Nanoparticles at the Liquid-Liquid Interface

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suchanuch Sachdev ◽  
Rhushabh Maugi ◽  
Sam Davis ◽  
Scott Doak ◽  
Zhaoxia Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Oxide ◽  
Reaction Rate ◽  
Tertiary Structure ◽  
Flow Reactor ◽  
Pd Nanoparticles ◽  
Subsequent Removal ◽  
Immiscible Liquids ◽  
Flow Reactors ◽  
Droplet Flow ◽  
One Step

<div>The interface between two immiscible liquids represent an ideal substrate for the assembly of nanomaterials. The defect free surface provides a reproducible support for creating densely packed ordered materials. Here a droplet flow reactor is presented for the synthesis and/ or assembly of nanomaterials at the interface of the emulsion. Each droplet acts as microreactor for a reaction between decamethylferrocene (DmFc) within the hexane and metal salts (Ag+/ Pd2+) in the aqueous phase. The hypothesis was that a spontaneous, interfacial reaction would lead to the assembly of nanomaterials creating a Pickering emulsion. The subsequent removal of the solvents showed how the Ag nanoparticles were trapped at the interface and retain the shape of the droplet, however the Pd nanoparticles were dispersed with no tertiary structure. To further exploit this, a one-step process where the particles are synthesised and then assembled into core-shell materials was proposed. The same reactions were performed in the presence of oleic acid stabilise Iron oxide nanoparticles dispersed within the hexane. It was shown that by changing the reaction rate and ratio between palladium and iron oxide a continuous coating of palladium onto iron oxide microspheres can be created. The same reaction with silver, was unsuccessful and resulted in the silver particles being shed into solution, or incorporated within the iron oxide micro particle. These insights offer a new method and chemistry within flow reactors for the creation of palladium and silver nanoparticles. We use the technique to create metal coated iron oxide nanomaterials but the methodology could be easily transferred to the assembly of other materials.</div><div><br></div>

Isomerization of the Isoprene Hydroxy Nitrates and Formation of Orthonitrite Compounds

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Hydroxy Group ◽  
Peroxyl Radical ◽  
Branching Fractions ◽  
Membered Ring ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Peroxyl Radicals ◽  
Aerosol Formation ◽  
Subsequent Removal ◽  
Ring Compounds ◽  
Group Migration

Atmospheric oxidation of isoprene produces significant yields of eight unique nitrate 11 compounds, each with a β- or δ-hydroxy group. These isoprene hydroxy nitrates (ISOPNs) 12 significantly impact upon global NOx budgets, O3 levels, and aerosol formation. 13 Uncertainties exist, however, in our understanding of ISOPN chemistry, particularly in their 14 yields from the reaction of isoprene peroxyl radicals with NO. This study describes novel 15 isomerization reactions of the ISOPNs, identified through the application of computational 16 chemistry techniques. These reactions produce saturated polycyclic orthonitrite compounds 17 via attack of the R–NO2 group on the vinyl moiety. For the δ-hydroxy nitrates, low-energy 18 isomerization pathways exist to six-membered ring compounds that are around 5 kcal mol-1 19 exothermic. These reactions proceed with barriers around 15 kcal mol-1 below the 20 respective peroxyl radical + NO reactants and yield orthonitrites that can further isomerize 21 to β-hydroxy ISOPNs. Moreover, the δ-hydroxy nitrates can directly interconvert with their β 22 substituted counterparts via NO3 group migration, with barriers that are lower yet. It follows 23 that β-hydroxy nitrates may be stabilized in the δ-hydroxy form, and vice versa. Moreover, 24 the lowest-energy pathway for dissociation of the δ-hydroxy ISOPNs is for the formation of 25 β-hydroxy alkoxyl radicals, and because of this established branching fractions between the 26 various isoprene peroxyl radicals may require re-evaluation. The results presented here also 27 suggest that ISOPNs may be stabilized to some extent in their saturated orthonitrite forms, 28 which has implications for both the total nitrate yield and for their subsequent removal by 29 OH, O3, and photolysis.<br><br>

scholarly journals Synthesis and Antiproliferative Evaluation of 2-Deoxy-N-glycosylbenzotriazoles/imidazoles

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 3742
Author(s):  
Caleigh S. Garton ◽  
Noelle K. DeRose ◽  
Dylan Dominguez ◽  
Maria L. Turbi-Henderson ◽  
Ashley L. Lehr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Lines ◽  
Cancer Cell ◽  
Addition Reaction ◽  
Protecting Group ◽  
Human Breast ◽  
Lung Cancer Cell ◽  
Subsequent Removal ◽  
Anticancer Properties ◽  
Tributyltin Hydride ◽  
High Yields

A series of 2-deoxy-2-iodo-α-d-mannopyranosylbenzotriazoles was synthesized using the benzyl, 4,6-benzylidene and acetyl protected D-glucal in the presence of N-iodosuccinimide (NIS). Subsequent removal of the iodine at the C-2 position using tributyltin hydride under free radical conditions afforded the 2-deoxy-α-d-glucopyranosylbenzotriazoles in moderate to high yields. This method was extended to the preparation of substituted 2-deoxy-β-d-glucopyranosylimidazoles as well. The stereoselectivity of the addition reaction and the effect of the protecting group and temperature on anomer distribution of the benzotriazole series were also investigated. The anticancer properties of the newly synthesized compounds were evaluated in a series of viability studies using HeLa (human cervical adenocarcinoma), human breast and lung cancer cell lines. The N-[3,4,6-tri-O-benzyl-2-deoxy-α-d-glucopyranosyl]-1H-benzotriazole and the N-[3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-2-deoxy-α-d-glucopyranosyl]-2H-benzotriazole were found to be the most potent cancer cell inhibitors at 20 µM concentrations across all four cell lines.

scholarly journals Template-Free Self-Assembly of Two-Dimensional Polymers into Nano/Microstructured Materials

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 3310
Author(s):  
Shengda Liu ◽  
Jiayun Xu ◽  
Xiumei Li ◽  
Tengfei Yan ◽  
Shuangjiang Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Self Assembly ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Subsequent Removal ◽  
The Past ◽  
2D Polymers ◽  
Template Free ◽  
Self Assembled ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Polymer Tubes

In the past few decades, enormous efforts have been made to synthesize covalent polymer nano/microstructured materials with specific morphologies, due to the relationship between their structures and functions. Up to now, the formation of most of these structures often requires either templates or preorganization in order to construct a specific structure before, and then the subsequent removal of previous templates to form a desired structure, on account of the lack of “self-error-correcting” properties of reversible interactions in polymers. The above processes are time-consuming and tedious. A template-free, self-assembled strategy as a “bottom-up” route to fabricate well-defined nano/microstructures remains a challenge. Herein, we introduce the recent progress in template-free, self-assembled nano/microstructures formed by covalent two-dimensional (2D) polymers, such as polymer capsules, polymer films, polymer tubes and polymer rings.

On the Chemistry of Ingenol, III [1] Synthesis of 3-Deoxy-3-oxoingenol, Some 5-Esters and of Ethers and Acetals of Ingenol

1982 ◽  
Vol 37 (12) ◽  
pp. 1640-1647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernd Sorg ◽  
Erich Hecker
Keyword(s):  
Good Yield ◽  
Protecting Groups ◽  
Silyl Ether ◽  
Subsequent Removal ◽  
Mouse Ear

3-Deoxy-3-oxoingenol (3) was prepared from ingenol-5,20-acetonide (25) by oxidation and subsequent removal of the acetonide. 3 was acylated to give homologous 5,20-diacylates 5-9. From these the 5-monoacylates 14, 15 and 17 were obtained in only moderate yields. Therefore the 20-silyl ether 10 (prepared from 3) was acylated. After smooth removal of the silyl ether the homologous 5-acylates 16. 18 and 19 resulted in good yield. The 5,20-dibutyrate 6 and all 5-acylates prepared (14-19) showed no irritant activity on the mouse ear. The 3-oxo-5-acylates 14-19 could not be reduced to give ingenol-5-acylates (24). Therefore various ingenol derivatives, 29-32, with suitable protected hydroxyl functions as well as the corresponding 5-clecanoates 35-38 were synthesized. The protecting groups of the derivatives 35-38 could however not be cleaved off to yield ingenol-5- decanoate (24)

scholarly journals Reduction of Ash Content in Raw Coal Using Acids and Alkali

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 1254-1257 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. H. Shivaprasad ◽  
M. M. Nagabhushana ◽  
C. Venkataiah
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Coal Sample ◽  
Toxic Elements ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Subsequent Removal ◽  
Inorganic Matter ◽  
Leaching Experiments

Ash, an inorganic matter present in coal is amenable for dissolution using suitable reagents. Thus the dissolution of ash and its subsequent removal reduces the release of many toxic elements into the environment by coal based industries. Removal of ash also enhances the calorific value. In the present investigation an attempt has been made to reduce the ash content of raw coal obtained from nearest thermal power by using hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid and sodium hydroxide. A series of leaching experiments were conducted on coal of different size fractions by varying the parameters like concentration, temperature and time of leaching. The results indicate that it is possible to remove nearly 75% of ash from coal sample by leaching.

Stimulus-Change Effects of Forcing in Alternation Behavior

1966 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 515-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. N. Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Free Choice ◽  
Stimulus Change ◽  
Lower Degree ◽  
Alternation Behavior ◽  
Subsequent Removal ◽  
Transparent Barrier ◽  
Initial Attraction ◽  
High Degree

To test the hypothesis that forcing left or right in a T-maze produces more alternation because of the stimulus-change resulting from subsequent removal of the arm barrier, rats were given free-choice trials and forced trials with a wooden barrier (favouring a high degree of change) and with a transparent barrier (favouring a lower degree of change). Although alternation was unaffected by the three conditions, the percentage of first investigatory responses directed toward the alternate arm on Trial 2 was highest following forcing with the wooden barrier. It was concluded that a stimulus-change explanation for the effects of forcing was acceptable if these first investigatory responses were acknowledged as indices of initial attraction of attention by an arm.

scholarly journals Accidental knotting and subsequent removal of a catheter from the epidural space in an adult cow: a case report

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
pp. 2080-2084
Author(s):  
Graeme M. Doodnaught ◽  
Caroline Constant ◽  
André Desrochers ◽  
Daniel S. J. Pang
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Epidural Space ◽  
Subsequent Removal
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