Evaluation of Waist Circumference to Predict Cardiovascular Risk Factors in an Overweight Tehranian Population: Findings from Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study

2005 ◽  
Vol 75 (5) ◽  
pp. 347-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esmaillzadeh ◽  
Mirmiran ◽  
Azizi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Biochemical Analyses ◽  
Adequate Evidence

This study was conducted to evaluate the waist circumference (WC) cut-off points to predict cardiovascular risk factors in the overweight Tehranian population. Anthropometric measures, blood pressure, and biochemical analyses were evaluated for the 15,005 participants of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. Three thousand sixty-five subjects aged 18–74 years with a body mass index of 25–29.9 were enrolled in this study. Abdominal obesity was defined as WC ≥ 102 cm for men and ≥ 88 cm for women. Sensitivity of WC ≥ 102 cm to detect various cardiovascular risk factors for men aged 35–54 years was between 5% and 14%, and for men aged 55–74 years, was between 12% and 19%. The specificity of this cut-off point was between 93% and 98% and between 86% and 96% for corresponding age-categories, respectively. WC ≥ 88 cm had a sensitivity of between 28% and 41% for identifying cardiovascular risk factors in women aged 18–34 years. Sensitivity tended to increase with age and specificity tended to decrease with age in both genders. These cut-off points had the highest positive predictive value for the more prevalent risk factors in both genders. The negative predictive values were different for various risk factors among age groups. The classic cut-off points of WC failed to provide adequate evidence for the use of WC in detecting cardiovascular risk factors. Further studies should be conducted to determine optimal WC cut-off points for Iranians.

scholarly journals Examining associations between dietary patterns and metabolic CVD risk factors: a novel use of structural equation modelling

2016 ◽  
Vol 115 (9) ◽  
pp. 1586-1597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Alessandra Castro ◽  
Valéria Troncoso Baltar ◽  
Dirce Maria Marchioni ◽  
Regina Mara Fisberg
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Cholesterol Ratio ◽  
Equation Modelling

AbstractThe association between dietary patterns and metabolic cardiovascular risk factors has long been addressed but there is a lack of evidence towards the effects of the overall diet on the complex net of biological inter-relationships between risk factors. This study aimed to derive dietary patterns and examine their associations with metabolic cardiovascular risk factors following a theoretic model for the relationship between them. Participants included 417 adults of both sexes, enrolled to the cross-sectional population-based study performed in Brazil. Body weight, waist circumference, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, blood pressure, total cholesterol:HDL-cholesterol ratio, TAG:HDL-cholesterol ratio, fasting plasma glucose and serum leptin were evaluated. Food consumption was assessed by two non-consecutive 24-h dietary recalls adjusted for the within-person variation of intake. A total of three dietary patterns were derived by exploratory structural equation modelling: ‘Traditional’, ‘Prudent’ and ‘Modern’. The ‘Traditional’ pattern had a negative and direct effect on obesity indicators (serum LEP, body weight and waist circumference) and negative indirect effects on total cholesterol:HDL-cholesterol ratio, TAG:HDL-cholesterol ratio and fasting plasma glucose. The ‘Prudent’ pattern had a negative and direct effect on systolic blood pressure. No association was observed for the ‘Modern’ pattern and metabolic risk factors. In conclusion, the ‘Traditional’ and ‘Prudent’ dietary patterns were negatively associated with metabolic cardiovascular risk factors among Brazilian adults. Their apparent protective effects against obesity and high blood pressure may be important non-pharmacological strategies for the prevention and control of obesity-related metabolic disorders and CVD.

scholarly journals THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DAILY STEPS AND CARDIOVASCULAR RISK FACTORS AMONG TEACHERS IN CENTRAL REGION, MALAYSIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shafiqah Mohd Radhi ◽  
Nur Zakiah Mohd Saat ◽  
Nor Farah Mohamad Fauzi ◽  
Siti Aishah Hanawi
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Sugar ◽  
School Teachers ◽  
Steps Per Day

Physical activity is an important component of cardiovascular health. The fact that physical activity is also associated with a substantial number of cognitive and academic benefits, therefore schools teachers can be an important role model in promoting a physically-active lifestyle in school children. The aim of this study is to examine the levels of physical activity (PA) and its association with cardiovascular risk factors in a sample of school teachers. Forty-nine (n=49) teachers from primary and secondary schools around Klang Valley urban areas were recruited. The PA level was determined using pedometer, worn for three consecutive days. Anthropometric measurements and blood samples were collected to determine cardiovascular risk factors. Findings showed that the school teachers recorded an overall mean (± SEM) of 7707 ± 490 steps/day, which is below the recommended target of 10 000 steps per day. According to pedometer-determined physical activity indices proposed by Tudor-Locke and Bassett (2004), 20.83% of the sample were classified as ‘sedentary’ (<5000 steps/day), 35.40% were ‘low active’ (5000 – 7499 steps/day) and only 18.70% achieved more than 10 000 steps/day. According to Asian BMI cut-off points, 43% of the teachers were categorized as overweight and obese (>23 kg/m2). The mean values for waist circumference, fasting blood sugar, and cholesterol level, systolic and diastolic blood pressure were 83.96 ± 1.90 cm, 5.41 ± 0.26 mmol/l, 4.64±0.26 mmol/l, 118.90 ± 1.72 mmHg and 72.40±1.58 mmHg respectively. Fisher Exact Test shown that there were significant association between daily step and age category. Daily steps weakly negative correlated with systolic blood pressure (r = -0.024, p > 0.05) as well as blood sugar levels (r = -0.061, p> 0.05), diastolic blood pressure (r = -0.079, p> 0.05), body mass index (r = -0.271, p> 0.05), waist circumference (r = -0.196, p> 0.05), as well as blood cholesterol levels (r = -0.037, p> 0.05). In conclusion, there were weak negative correlations between steps per day and cardiovascular risk factors. Generally, the level of physical activity in the sample of teachers needs to be improved. Interventions aimed at promoting PA among school teachers may be warranted in the future.

scholarly journals Prevalence of obesity and cardiovascular risk among children and adolescents in the municipality of Santa Cruz do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul

2013 ◽  
Vol 131 (5) ◽  
pp. 323-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cezane Priscila Reuter ◽  
Leandro Tibirica Burgos ◽  
Marcelo Dias Camargo ◽  
Lia Goncalves Possuelo ◽  
Miriam Beatris Reckziegel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
High Prevalence

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Studies have demonstrated that metabolic complications from child obesity, although silent, increase the risk of development of cardiovascular diseases in adulthood. The present paper sought to describe the prevalence of overweight/obesity and analyze the possible relationship between obesity and other cardiovascular risk factors among children and adolescents. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional study, conducted in a university. METHODS: The study included 564 children and adolescents, aged 8 to 17 years. Body mass index and waist circumference were used to evaluate obesity. Other cardiovascular risk factors were evaluated, like systolic and diastolic blood pressure, glycemia, triglycerides and total cholesterol. Descriptive analysis was used for sample characterization, the chi-square test for categorical variables and Pearson's linear correlation for evaluating the relationship between obesity indicators and other cardiovascular risk factors. RESULTS: High prevalence of overweight/obesity was found among the schoolchildren (25.3% among the boys and 25.6% among the girls), along with abdominal obesity (19.0%). The overweight/obese schoolchildren presented higher percentages for the pressure and biochemical indicators, compared with underweight and normal-weight schoolchildren. Body mass index and waist circumference showed a weak correlation with the variables of age and systolic and diastolic blood pressure (P < 0.001), but there was no correlation between these obesity indices and biochemical variables. CONCLUSION: The high prevalence of overweight/obesity and its relationship with other cardiovascular risk factors demonstrate that it is necessary to develop intervention and prevention strategies from childhood onwards, in order to avoid development of chronic-degenerative diseases in adulthood.

scholarly journals Circulating adiponectin levels and cardiovascular risk factors in acromegalic patients

2004 ◽  
pp. 663-669 ◽  
Author(s):  
CL Ronchi ◽  
S Corbetta ◽  
V Cappiello ◽  
PS Morpurgo ◽  
C Giavoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Mortality ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Duration Of Disease

OBJECTIVE: Adiponectin (ApN) is an adipocytokine expressed in human adipose cells with anti-atherogenic and anti-inflammatory properties that plays a role in the pathophysiology of insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome and coronary artery disease. The aim of the study was to evaluate ApN secretion in patients with acromegaly, a chronic disease associated with insulin resistance and increased cardiovascular mortality, and to correlate ApN levels with hormonal, metabolic and cardiovascular parameters. DESIGN AND METHODS: The study included 32 patients with active acromegaly (11 male and 21 female, aged 48+/-11 years, duration of disease: 8+/-6 years, GH: 9.2+/-9.8 microg/l, IGF-I: 80+/-33 nmol/l (means+/-s.d.)) and 38 control subjects sex- and body mass index (BMI)-matched. In all subjects, serum ApN, leptin and ghrelin levels, BMI, waist circumference, insulin resistance (assessed by homeostasis model assessment and the quantitative insulin check index), lipid profile and blood pressure values were evaluated. RESULTS: Acromegalic patients and control subjects had similar ApN levels (9.4+/-3.5 vs 9.5+/-4.0 mg/l, NS), while when considering obese subjects acromegalic patients had ApN levels significantly higher than controls (10.2+/-4 vs 7.5+/-3 mg/l, P<0.05). No significant correlation between ApN and GH/IGF-I levels or duration of disease was found. ApN concentrations negatively correlated with BMI, waist circumference, glucose and diastolic blood pressure and positively with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and ghrelin in controls, while all these correlations were lost in acromegalic patients. CONCLUSIONS: We provide evidence that, although metabolic and cardiovascular abnormalities are present in most acromegalic patients, in these subjects ApN levels are not reduced and, contrary to what is found in BMI-matched controls, do not correlate with cardiovascular risk factors. These data support the view that atherosclerosis is not the main determinant of cardiovascular mortality in acromegaly and suggest a permissive action of GH and/or IGF-I excess on ApN secretion.

scholarly journals Comparative evaluation of anthropometric measures to predict cardiovascular risk factors in Tehranian adult women

2006 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Esmaillzadeh ◽  
Parvin Mirmiran ◽  
Fereidoun Azizi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
National Committee ◽  
Correct Prediction ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Anthropometric Measures

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the ability of waist circumference (WC), body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) to predict cardiovascular risk factors in an urban adult population of Tehranian women.DesignPopulation-based cross-sectional study.SettingTehran, the capital of Iran.SubjectsThis study was conducted on 5073 women aged 18–74 years, participants of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. Demographic data were collected. Anthropometric indices were measured according to standard protocols. Cut-off points of BMI, WC, WHR and WHtR were considered as 25 kg m−2, 80 cm, 0.8 and 0.5, respectively. Blood pressure was measured and hypertension was defined based on the sixth report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation and Treatment of High Blood Pressure. Biochemical analyses were conducted on fasting blood samples. Diabetes was defined as fasting plasma glucose ≥126 mg dl−1or 2-hour plasma glucose ≥200 mg dl−1and dyslipidaemia based on the third report of the National Cholesterol Education Program Expert Panel. The presence of ‘at least one risk factor’ from the three major cardiovascular risk factors (hypertension, dyslipidaemia and diabetes) was also evaluated.ResultsMean (±standard deviation) age of women was 39.9 ± 14.6 years; mean BMI, WC, WHR and WHtR were 27.1 ± 1.5 kg m−2, 86.5 ± 13.5 cm and 0.83 ± 0.08 and 0.55 ± 0.08, respectively. Of the four anthropometric measures, WC had the highest sensitivity and specificity to identify subjects with risk factors in both the 18–39 year and the 40–74 year age categories. WC was seen to have a higher percentage of correct prediction than BMI, WHR and WHtR.ConclusionIt is concluded that WC is the best screening measure for cardiovascular risk factors, compared with BMI, WHR and WHtR, in Tehranian adult women.

scholarly journals Associations between physical activity, sedentary time and cardiovascular risk factors among Dutch children

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. e0256448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabrielle ten Velde ◽  
Guy Plasqui ◽  
Maartje Willeboordse ◽  
Bjorn Winkens ◽  
Anita Vreugdenhil
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Sedentary Time ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Standardized Measures

Introduction Physical activity (PA) plays an important role in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases, especially in children. Previous studies which investigated the role of PA and sedentary time (ST) in cardiovascular disease used different measurements and found inconsistent results. The current study used recommended standardized measures and provides an overview of PA and ST among Dutch primary school children and their associations with cardiovascular risk factors. Methods 503 children (55% girls, mean age (± SD) 10 ± 1y) were included. PA (total PA, lightPA and moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA)) and ST were measured with the Actigraph GT3X accelerometer. PA in different domains was measured with the BAECKE questionnaire. Cardiovascular risk factors included BMI z-score, waist circumference, blood pressure (z-score) and estimated cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) as measured with the 20 meter shuttle run test. Results Children spent 57 ± 20 min/day (8%) on MVPA and 42% of the children reached the MVPA guideline of 60 min/day. Total PA and MVPA (h/day) were negatively associated with BMI z-score (B = -0.452, p = 0.011) and waist circumference (B = -3.553, p = 0.011) and positively associated with CRF (B = 2.527, p = <0.001). ST was positively associated with BMI z-score (B = 0.108, p = 0.048) and waist circumference (B = 0.920, p = 0.033). No significant associations were found between total PA or PA intensities and blood pressure. Conclusion This study used standardized measures of PA and therefore created an accurate overview of PA, ST and their associations with cardiovascular risk factors. PA and ST were associated with BMI z-score, waist circumference and CRF. The findings emphasize the importance of promoting MVPA in children, but also highlight the potential benefits of reducing ST to improve cardiovascular risk factors. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03440580.

scholarly journals Changes in conventional cardiovascular risk factors and the estimated 10-year risk of acute myocardial infarction or cerebral stroke in Sami and non-Sami populations in two population-based cross-sectional surveys: the SAMINOR Study

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. e028939 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanna Ragnhild Andersdatter Siri ◽  
Bent Martin Eliassen ◽  
Bjarne K Jacobsen ◽  
Marita Melhus ◽  
Ann Ragnhild Broderstad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Cerebral Stroke ◽  
Cross Sectional

ObjectiveTo describe changes in cardiovascular risk factors and in the estimated 10-year risk of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) or cerebral stroke (CS) between SAMINOR 1 (2003–2004) and SAMINOR 2 (2012–2014), and explore if these changes differed between Sami and non-Sami.DesignTwo cross-sectional surveys.SettingInhabitants of rural Northern Norway.ParticipantsParticipants were aged 40–79 years and participated in SAMINOR 1 (n=6417) and/or SAMINOR 2 (n=5956).Primary outcome measuresGeneralised estimating equation regressions with an interaction term were used to estimate and compare changes in cardiovascular risk factors and 10-year risk of AMI or CS between the two surveys and by ethnicity.ResultsMean cholesterol declined by 0.50, 0.43 and 0.60 mmol/L in women, Sami men and non-Sami men, respectively (all p<0.001). Sami men had a small decline in mean high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and an increase in mean triglycerides (both p<0.001), whereas non-Sami showed no change in these variables. Non-Sami women had an increase in mean HDL cholesterol (p<0.001) whereas Sami women had no change. Triglycerides did not change in non-Sami and Sami women. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure declined by 3.6 and 1.0 mm Hg in women, and 3.1 and 0.7 in men, respectively (all p<0.01). Mean waist circumference increased by 6.7 and 5.9 cm in women and men, respectively (both p<0.001). The odds of being a smoker declined by 35% in women and 46% in men (both p<0.001). Estimated 10-year risk of AMI or CS decreased in all strata of sex and ethnicity (p<0.001), however, Sami women had a smaller decline than non-Sami did.ConclusionsIndependent of ethnicity, there was a decline in mean cholesterol, blood pressure, smoking, hypertension (women only) and 10-year risk of AMI or CS, but waist circumference increased. Relatively minor ethnic differences were found in changes of cardiovascular risk factors.

scholarly journals Prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors amongst teaching staff of IIMSR medical college, Badnapur, Jalna, Maharashtra

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (10) ◽  
pp. 3877
Author(s):  
Sujata N. Muneshwar ◽  
Mohd. Shafee ◽  
Purushottam A. Giri ◽  
Pankaj R. Gangwal ◽  
Sadaf Doctor
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Teaching Staff ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
The Mean

Background: Cardiovascular diseases are the number one cause of death globally. The cause of heart attacks and strokes are due to combination of risk factors- tobacco use, unhealthy diet, obesity, physical inactivity, alcohol use, hypertension, diabetes and hyperlipidaemia. Most cardiovascular diseases can be prevented by addressing these behavioural risk factors. The objectives were to study the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors among teaching staff and to know the association of age and gender with cardiovascular risk factors.Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out amongst teaching staff of IIMSR Medical College, Badnapur, Jalna, Maharashtra during the period of August to October 2016. All teaching staff of IIMSR Medical College was included in this study by purposive sampling method. Total number of staff who was more than 30 years of age was 80. The study was performed on 71 teaching staff as 9 denied participating (71 out of 80). Clinical parameters including weight, height, blood pressure and waist circumference was recorded. Blood sample was also collected. Statistical analysis was done by using appropriate statistical test like mean, percentage, standard deviation, student’s t test and chi square test. Results: Majority participants were male 50 (70.42%). The mean age of male was 42.6±13.4 yrs and female was 37.05±9.64 yrs. The mean weight (76.2±12.9), mean waist circumference (92.0±12.1) and mean BMI (27.02±4.44) were above the normal range amongst male participants. The mean height, mean weight, mean waist circumference, mean SBP, mean DBP, mean RBS, mean creatinine and mean BMI values were higher in males as compared to females. The difference was statistically significant. Hypertension was more common in older age with raised diastolic blood pressure which signifies that age is one of the most important risk factor. Conclusions: This study showed a high prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors and signifies the importance of health awareness among the staff members regarding the various cardiovascular risk factors. 

scholarly journals Better dietary adherence and weight maintenance achieved by a long-term moderate-fat diet

2007 ◽  
Vol 97 (2) ◽  
pp. 399-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leila Azadbakht ◽  
Parvin Mirmiran ◽  
Ahmad Esmaillzadeh ◽  
Fereidoun Azizi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Weight Maintenance ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Low Fat Diet

The objective of the present study was to determine the effects of a long-term moderate-fat diet (30 % energy from fat)v.a low-fat one (20 % energy from fat) on metabolic risks. The study was a randomised, prospective 14-month trial on overweight and obese patients (eighty-nine overweight and obese men and women). The intervention was a moderate-fat diet (30 % energy) or a low-fat diet (20 % energy). The main outcome measurements were change in body weight, waist circumference, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, total cholesterol, TAG, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Forty-five subjects on the moderate-fat diet and forty-four subjects on the low-fat one were studied. Characteristics of all randomised participants were similar in both groups. After 7 months, the moderate- and low-fat diets had similar effects on cardiovascular risks. The moderate-fat diet was more successful after 14 months in reducing weight ( − 5·0 (sd2·5) kg in the moderate-fat groupv.− 1·2 (sd1·1) kg in the low-fat one;P < 0·0001), waist circumference ( − 5·5 (sd2·4) cm in the moderate-fat groupv.− 2·3 (sd1·3) cm in the low-fat one;P < 0·0001), and other cardiovascular risk factors as well (LDL, TAG, total cholesterol and systolic blood pressure). In conclusion, a moderate-fat energy-restricted diet in the long term might have more beneficial effects on weight maintenance and cardiovascular risk factors compared with a low-fat diet. Better dietary adherence with the moderate-fat diet may be the reason for its successful effects.

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