Low intakes of vitamins C and A are associated with obesity in early adulthood

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Correa-Rodríguez ◽  
Jose Luis Gómez-Urquiza ◽  
Irene Medina-Martínez ◽  
Emilio González-Jiménez ◽  
Jaqueline Schmidt-RioValle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Quality Score ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dietary Antioxidant ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract. To evaluate the relationships between the intake of individual antioxidants as well as the dietary antioxidant quality score and obesity-related measures. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 562 young adults. Fat mass, fat-mass percentage, and fat-free mass were measured using a body composition analyzer. The intake of antioxidant nutrients including vitamins C, E, and A, selenium, zinc, and magnesium were calculated based on a 72-hour diet recall interview. We observed significant differences in the vitamin C (88.6 ± 72.6 mg/day vs. 70.7 ± 60.6 mg/day, p = 0.010), vitamin A (635.8 ± 519.8 μg/day vs. 492.6 ± 318.9 μg/day, p = 0.014), and selenium (135.3 ± 88.7 μg/day vs. 139.3 ± 79.3 μg/day, p = 0.034) intake between normal-weight and overweight or obese young adults. When the Dietary Antioxidant Quality Score (DAQS) was analyzed, there were no significant differences between normal-weight versus overweight or obese young adults after adjusting for confounders. Logistic regression analysis revealed that vitamin C intake (odds ratio (OR) 0.995, 95% CI 0.992–0.999, p = 0.013) and vitamin A intake (OR 0.999, 95% CI 0.999–1.000, p = 0.016) were independent predictors of overweight/obesity after adjusting for age, sex and energy intake. In contrast, a higher selenium intake was associated with an increased risk of overweight/obesity (OR 1.003, 95% CI 1.000–1.006, p = 0.034). Future longitudinal investigations of dietary antioxidant intake in relation to the development of obesity would be of interest to better understand the effect of dietary antioxidants on obesity.

scholarly journals Body composition in childhood: effects of normal growth and disease

2003 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 521-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. K. Wells
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
General Interest ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Adult Disease ◽  
Increased Risk

Body composition in children is of increasing interest within the contexts of childhood obesity, clinical management of patients and nutritional programming as a pathway to adult disease. Energy imbalance appears to be common in many disease states; however, body composition is not routinely measured in patients. Traditionally, clinical interest has focused on growth or nutritional status, whereas more recent studies have quantified fat mass and lean mass. The human body changes in proportions and chemical composition during childhood and adolescence. Most of the weight gain comprises lean mass rather than fat. In general, interest has focused on percentage fat, and less attention has been paid to the way in which lean mass varies within and between individuals. In the general population secular trends in BMI have been widely reported, indicating increasing levels of childhood obesity, which have been linked to reduced physical activity. However, lower activity levels may potentially lead not only to increased fatness, but also to reduced lean mass. This issue merits further investigation. Diseases have multiple effects on body composition and may influence fat-free mass and/or fat mass. In some diseases both components change in the same direction, whereas in other diseases, the changes are contradictory and may be concealed by relatively normal weight. Improved techniques are required for clinical evaluations. Both higher fatness and reduced lean mass may represent pathways to an increased risk of adult disease.

scholarly journals Nutritional status of pre-pregnant and pregnant women residing in Bogor district, Indonesia: a cross-sectional dietary and nutrient intake study

2016 ◽  
Vol 116 (S1) ◽  
pp. S57-S66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Madanijah ◽  
Dodik Briawan ◽  
Rimbawan Rimbawan ◽  
Zulaikhah Zulaikhah ◽  
Nuri Andarwulan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Nutrient Requirements ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Food Composition Tables ◽  
Increased Risk

AbstractThe diet of Indonesian women of childbearing age is relatively poor, posing increased risk for suboptimal pregnancy outcome. In a cross-sectional study including 403 women in three economic quintiles (Q), we investigated differences in dietary intake and nutrition sufficiency according to economic status and whether regular dietary intakes of pregnant women (PW, n 203) differ from that of pre-pregnant women (PPW, n 200). Dietary intake data were collected using 2×24 h dietary recall and FFQ. Energy, protein, Fe, Ca, Zn, vitamin A and vitamin C intakes were calculated utilising Food Composition Tables and compared with Indonesian recommendations for adequacy. Energy and protein intakes <70 % and Fe, Ca, Zn, vitamin A and vitamin C intakes <77 % of the local recommendation were considered insufficient. A higher intake of milk/dairy products (Q3, Q4), fruits and vegetables (Q2) and snacks (Q3) in PW was observed compared with PPW, but insufficient to meet nutrient requirements. Nutrient intake calculations showed insufficiency in 26 % of PPW for protein and up to 70 % for Fe. Deficient nutrient intakes in PW were found in 49 % of the subjects for energy and up to 85 % for Fe. Energy and protein intakes decreased with decreasing economic quintiles in PPW and PW. Ca and vitamin A intakes were lower in Q2 compared with Q4. The proportion of animal protein in Q2-PW was low (31 %). Biochemical status parameters in a subset showed that anaemia and Fe and Zn deficiencies were prevalent among PPW and PW. Habitual diets in the study area did not meet the nutrient requirements for both PPW and PW across the investigated economic groups.

Family Type Predicts Mental Health Problems in Young Adults: A Survey of Students at a University in Botswana

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kennedy Amone-P'Olak ◽  
Boniface Kealeboga Ramotuana
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Single Mother ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Family Type ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Intact Family ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Family Types

In Africa, the structure of the family is changing rapidly. The effects of this change on mental health remain unknown. This study investigated the extent to which different family types (intact, single-mother, and multiple) predict mental health problems in young adults in Botswana (N = 264, mean age = 21.31, SD = 2.40). In a cross-sectional design, the study sampled students registered at various faculties at the University of Botswana. The revised symptoms checklist (SCL-90-R) was used to assess symptoms of mental health problems (depression, anxiety and hostility). Binary logistic regression analyses were performed to obtain odds ratios (ORs) and 95 per cent confidence intervals (CIs) of mental health problems for mother-only and multiple family types relative to the intact family type. Compared to the intact family type, single-mother (OR = 2.34; 95% CI: 1.21, 4.51) and multiple family types (OR = 1.56; CI: 0.88, 2.78) were associated with an increased risk of depression. For anxiety, the ORs were 2.27 (CI: 1.18, 4.38) and 1.10 (CI: 0.56, 1.82) for single-mother and multiple family types respectively. For hostility, the ORs were 2.60 (CI: 1.34, 5.04), and 0.79 (CI: 0.44, 1.42) for single-mother and multiple family types, respectively. Family types predict mental health problems in young adults and therefore the interventions to mitigate the effects should consider family backgrounds and the ramifications of family types for treatment and care.

PROFIL KONSUMSI ZAT GIZI PADA WANITA USIA SUBUR ANEMIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-48
Author(s):  
Enggar Wijayanti ◽  
Ulfa Fitriani
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Food Recall

Latar Belakang. Anemia merupakan salah satu permasalahan gizi yang banyak terjadi di negara berkembang. Faktor gizi yang turut berkontribusi terhadap kejadian anemia diantaranya adalah kurangnya asupan zat gizi yang memengaruhi pembentukan Hemoglobin (Hb) pada penderita anemia. Tujuan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran konsumsi energi, protein, zat besi, asam folat, vitamin C, vitamin A, dan seng pada subjek penderita anemia dibandingkan dengan angka kecukupan gizi (AKG) yang diduga menjadi faktor penyebab anemia. Metode. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian cross-sectional dan merupakan bagian dari penelitian “Observasi Klinik Formula Jamu Anemia” yang dilakukan pada bulan Maret-Desember 2018. Jumlah subjek sebanyak 83 orang dengan rentang usia 16-49 tahun. Data konsumsi makanan dikumpulkan dengan wawancara menggunakan food recall 24 jam dan selanjutnya dianalisis dengan program Nutrisurvey. Hasil. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar subjek memiliki status gizi normal. Tingkat konsumsi zat besi, asam folat, dan seng subjek kurang dari AKG, konsumsi energi dalam kategori cukup, dan konsumsi protein, vitamin A serta vitamin C lebih dari AKG. Hasil uji bivariat chi-square menunjukkan tidak ada korelasi yang bermakna antara status anemia dengan konsumsi zat gizi (p>0,05). Kesimpulan. Wanita usia subur (WUS) yang menderita anemia rata-rata memiliki tingkat konsumsi zat besi, asam folat, dan seng kurang dari AKG

scholarly journals The association between dietary antioxidant quality score with metabolic syndrome and its components in Iranian adults: A cross‐sectional study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahshid Shahavandi ◽  
Hossein Shahinfar ◽  
Nastaran payande ◽  
Fatemeh Sheikhhossein ◽  
Kurosh Djafarian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Quality Score ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dietary Antioxidant

scholarly journals The Association between Dietary Antioxidant Quality Score and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Iranian Adults: a Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein Shahinfar ◽  
Mahshid Shahavandi ◽  
Aliyu Tijani Jibril ◽  
Kurosh Djafarian ◽  
Cain C. T. Clark ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Quality Score ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dietary Antioxidant

scholarly journals Associations of dietary inflammatory index, serum levels of MCP-1 and body composition in Iranian overweight and obese women: a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nasim Ghodoosi ◽  
Atieh Mirzababaei ◽  
Elahe Rashidbeygi ◽  
Negin Badrooj ◽  
Seyedeh Forough Sajjadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fat Mass ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Dietary Inflammatory Index ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein 1 ◽  
Inflammatory Index ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Abstract Objective: Although, several studies have illustrated that there is a relation between the between dietary inflammatory index (DII) with obesity-related parameters, and inflammation, their results were controversial results. This study aimed to investigate this relationship among Iranian women. Results: Multivariable linear regression showed that fat mass was 0.14 kg lower in the anti-inflammatory diet group, with respect to the pro-inflammatory group, after adjusting covariates such as age, physical activity, economic and job status (β = -0.142, 95% CI -4.44, -1.71, P = 0.03). Fat-free mass (FFM) was 1.5 kg more in the anti-inflammatory diet group, compared to the pro-inflammatory diet group, after adjusting for potentials cofounders (β = 1.50, 95% CI 0, 3.01, p = 0.05). Furthermore, after adjusting for potentials cofounders, it was revealed that the subjects with lower DII had lower monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) levels in serum (β = -18.81, 95% CI -35.84, -1.79, p = 0.03). These findings suggest an inverse and significant relationship between DII and FFM and also DII is directly related to Fat mass and the level of MCP-1. This finding can be used for developing interventions that aim to promote healthy eating to prevent inflammation and non-communicable disease development among obese female.

The fat mass index, not the fat-free mass index, is associated with impaired physical performance in older adult subjects: Evidence from a cross-sectional study

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 877-882 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maribel Ramírez Torres ◽  
Roxana E. Ruiz Valenzuela ◽  
Julián Esparza-Romero ◽  
Miriam T. López Teros ◽  
Heliodoro Alemán-Mateo
Keyword(s):  
Older Adult ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Fat Mass Index

scholarly journals Maternal Body Mass Index and Breastfeeding Non-Initiation and Cessation: A Quantitative Review of the Literature

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2684
Author(s):  
Kyoko Nomura ◽  
Sachiko Minamizono ◽  
Kengo Nagashima ◽  
Mariko Ono ◽  
Naomi Kitano
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Maternal Body Mass Index ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Maternal Body ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Quantitative Review ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Meta Analyses

This study aims to investigate which maternal body mass index (BMI) categories are associated with the non-initiation or cessation of breastfeeding (BF) based on a quantitative review of the literature. We searched Ovid MEDLINE and EBSCO CINAHL for peer-reviewed articles published between 1946 (MEDLINE) or 1981 (CINAHL), and 2019. Selected studies were either cross-sectional or cohort studies, of healthy mothers and infants, that reported nutrition method (exclusive/full or any) and period (initiation/duration/cessation) of breastfeeding according to maternal BMI levels. Pairwise meta-analyses of 57 studies demonstrated that the pooled odds risks (OR) of not initiating BF among overweight and obese mothers compared to normal weight mothers were significant across 29 (OR 1.33, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.15–1.54, I2 = 98%) and 26 studies (OR 1.61, 95% CI, 1.33–1.95, I2 = 99%), respectively; the pooled risks for BF cessation were inconsistent in overweight and obese mothers with substantial heterogeneity. However, we found that overweight mothers (n = 10, hazard ratio (HR) 1.16, 95% CI, 1.07–1.25; I2 = 23%) and obese mothers (n = 7, HR 1.45, 95% CI: 1.27–1.65; I2 = 44%) were both associated with an increased risk of not continuing any BF and exclusive BF, respectively. Overweight and obese mothers may be at increased risk of not initiating or the cessation of breastfeeding.

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