Correlates of Regional Suicide Rates: A Meta-Analysis

1999 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Lester
Keyword(s):  
Death Rate ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Negative Association ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Suicide Rates

A meta-analysis was conducted of research on the regional correlates of suicide rates within nations. The fourteen studies yielded two reliable associations—a negative association of regional suicide rates with population and a positive association with the death rate. Suggestions were made for future research on this topic.

Domestic Integration and Suicide in the Provinces of Canada

Crisis ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoon A. Leenaars ◽  
David Lester
Keyword(s):  
Social Factors ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Negative Association ◽  
Birth Rates ◽  
Marriage Rates ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
The Social ◽  
Divorce Rates ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Over Time

Canada's rate of suicide varies from province to province. The classical theory of suicide, which attempts to explain the social suicide rate, stems from Durkheim, who argued that low levels of social integration and regulation are associated with high rates of suicide. The present study explored whether social factors (divorce, marriage, and birth rates) do in fact predict suicide rates over time for each province (period studied: 1950-1990). The results showed a positive association between divorce rates and suicide rates, and a negative association between birth rates and suicide rates. Marriage rates showed no consistent association, an anomaly as compared to research from other nations.

scholarly journals Effects of Perceived Discrimination on Depressive Symptoms Among Black Men Residing in the United States: A Meta-Analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelitta M. Britt-Spells ◽  
Maribeth Slebodnik ◽  
Laura P. Sands ◽  
David Rollock
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Black Men ◽  
Perceived Discrimination ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
The United States ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Model Study ◽  
Relationship Of

Research reports that perceived discrimination is positively associated with depressive symptoms. The literature is limited when examining this relationship among Black men. This meta-analysis systematically examines the current literature and investigates the relationship of perceived discrimination on depressive symptoms among Black men residing in the United States. Using a random-effects model, study findings indicate a positive association between perceived discrimination and depressive symptoms among Black men ( r = .29). Several potential moderators were also examined in this study; however, there were no significant moderation effects detected. Recommendations and implications for future research and practice are discussed.

Belief in the Code of the Street and Individual Involvement in Offending: A Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
pp. 154120402092773 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard K. Moule ◽  
Bryanna Fox
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
General Theory ◽  
Urban Communities ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Violent Offending ◽  
Code Of The Street ◽  
Weighted Correlation

Anderson’s Code of the Street thesis suggests that stronger belief in, and adherence to, subcultural “street code” norms increases the risk of criminal and aggressive behaviors, particularly among adolescents and young adults in urban communities. This study uses a meta-analysis to assess the overall relationship between individual belief in the street code and risk of offending. Effect sizes ( n = 38) from 20 unique studies produced a weighted correlation ( r) of .11, indicating a belief in the street code had a positive association with offending across all studies. The effect is strongest for violent offending (.13) and among samples comprised of adolescents (.14), as predicted by Anderson’s theory. Even after accounting for competing theoretical and established correlates of offending, modest effects of street code beliefs on offending remained. These findings indicate that overall, the street code is a more general theory than Anderson originally predicted. Directions for future research on the code are discussed.

Parent Involvement in Homework: A Research Synthesis

2008 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 1039-1101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erika A. Patall ◽  
Harris Cooper ◽  
Jorgianne Civey Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Parent Involvement ◽  
Elementary School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Negative Association ◽  
School Students ◽  
Achievement Outcomes ◽  
Verbal Achievement ◽  
Rule Setting

New emphasis is being placed on the importance of parent involvement in children’s education. In a synthesis of research on the effects of parent involvement in homework, a meta-analysis of 14 studies that manipulated parent training for homework involvement reveals that training parents to be involved in their child’s homework results in (a) higher rates of homework completion, (b) fewer homework problems, and (c) possibly, improved academic performance among elementary school children. A meta-analysis of 22 samples from 20 studies correlating parent involvement and achievement-related outcomes reveals (a) positive associations for elementary school and high school students but a negative association for middle school students, (b) a stronger association for parent rule-setting compared with other involvement strategies, and (c) a negative association for mathematics achievement but a positive association for verbal achievement outcomes. The results suggest that different types of parent involvement in homework have different relationships to achievement and that the type of parent involvement changes as children move through the school grades.

Corporate governance and corporate social disclosures: a meta-analytical review

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 434-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Tofael Hossain Majumder ◽  
Aklima Akter ◽  
Xiaojing Li
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Gender Diversity ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Negative Association ◽  
Government Ownership ◽  
Significant Positive Association ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Board Gender Diversity ◽  
Corporate Social

Purpose This study aims to investigate the association between corporate governance and corporate social disclosures (CSD). Design/methodology/approach Data analysis has been conducted on 29 prior studies published between 2004 and 2016 for the purpose of integrating the findings across studies. The study uses the meta-analysis instrument developed by Hunter et al. (1982). Findings The investigation finds a significant positive association between board size, the frequency of board meetings and auditors’ credibility with CSD. Both the managerial and concentrated ownership have a significant but negative association with CSD. In contrast, board independence, board gender diversity, the composition of non-executive directors, government ownership, foreign ownership and institutional ownership are insignificantly and positively associated with CSD. CEO duality is also insignificant with CSD but indicates a negative association. The study further investigates that the association between board gender diversity and CSD affected by the differences of the country of study. Originality/value This paper adds significance to the extant academic literature as well as assists the appropriate policy maker in assessing the determinants of CSD from the viewpoints of corporate governance. It further aims to reconcile the findings of the previous studies around the world, and also for the developed and developing countries separately.

scholarly journals Investigating Personality Traits as the Antecedents of Workplace Bullying

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-149
Author(s):  
MUHAMMAD MUNIR ◽  
MAJID ALI ◽  
SYED KARIM HAIDER
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Workplace Bullying ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Negative Association ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Verbal Bullying ◽  
Physical Bullying

There is an ample body of knowledge showing significant association between five factor model (FFM) of personality traits and workplace bullying, yet exploring cause-and-effect relationship between them is still under addressed. To address this issue, current study has analyzed personality traits of Five-Factor Model as a potential antecedent of workplace bullying and its three sub-facets (verbal bullying, social bullying and physical bullying). Study analyzed responses of 266 respondents to draw inferences. Simple random sampling technique was used to collect data from the respondents. Correlation analysis showed a positive association of extraversion with physical bullying; negative association of agreeableness with workplace bullying, verbal bullying, social bullying and physical bullying; negative association of conscientiousness with workplace bullying, verbal bullying, social bullying and physical bullying; and negative association of emotional stability with physical bullying. Results of regression analysis showed significant effect of agreeableness, conscientiousness and openness to experiences on workplace bullying, verbal bullying, social bullying and physical bullying. Current study has identified personality as an important predictor of workplace bullying through which organizations may control incidence of bullying at their workplace environments. Current study also has highlighted important insights for future research directions. Keywords: Five Factor Model (FFM), Personality Traits, Workplace Bullying, Physical Bullying, Verbal Bullying, Social Bullying.

scholarly journals What is the relationship between validated frailty scores and mortality for adults with COVID-19 in acute hospital care? A systematic review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodore D. Cosco ◽  
John Best ◽  
Daniel Davis ◽  
Daniele Bryden ◽  
Suzanne Arkill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Older People ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Future Research ◽  
List Type ◽  
Clinical Frailty Scale ◽  
Hospitalised Patients

AbstractBackground & aimThe aim of this systematic review was to quantify the association between frailty and COVID-19 in relation to mortality in hospitalised patients.MethodsMedline, Embase, Web of Science and the grey literature were searched for papers from inception to 10th September 2020; the search was re-run in Medline up until the 9th December 2020. Screening, data extraction and quality grading were undertaken by two reviewers. Results were summarised using descriptive statistics, including a meta-analysis of overall mortality; the relationships between frailty and COVID-19 mortality were summarised narratively.Results2286 papers were screened resulting in 26 being included in the review. Most studies were from Europe, half from the UK, and one from Brazil; the median sample size was 242.5, median age 73.1 and 43.5% were female. 22/26 used the Clinical Frailty Scale; reported mortality ranged from 14 to 65%. Most, but not all studies showed an association between increasing frailty and a greater risk of dying. Two studies indicated a sub-additive relationship between frailty, COVID-19 and death, and two studies showed no association.ConclusionsWhilst the majority of studies have shown a positive association between COVID-19 related death and increasing frailty, some studies suggested a more nuanced understanding of frailty and outcomes in COVID-19 is needed. Clinicians should exert caution in placing too much emphasis on the influence of frailty alone when discussing likely prognosis in older people with COVID-19 illness.Key pointsFrailty is being used to assess the risk of dying from COVID-19Emerging studies demonstrate a complex relationship between frailty and COVID-19 related deathsClinicians should exert caution in placing too much emphasis on the influence of frailty in older people with COVID-19Researchers should ensure that frailty scales are used as designed when planning and reporting future research.

scholarly journals Prenatal Anxiety and Exercise. Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (23) ◽  
pp. 5501
Author(s):  
Miguel Sánchez-Polán ◽  
Cristina Silva-Jose ◽  
Evelia Franco ◽  
Taniya S. Nagpal ◽  
Javier Gil-Ares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Negative Association ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Prenatal Anxiety ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Meta Analyses

The prevalence of prenatal anxiety has increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. Anxiety is associated with other cardiovascular, physiological, and mental illnesses, resulting in adverse health effects for the mother and foetus. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of physical activity (PA) during pregnancy on the prevalence of prenatal anxiety or symptoms of anxiety. A systematic review and two meta-analyses were performed (Registration No. CRD42021275333). Peer-reviewed articles reporting the effect of a PA intervention on anxiety during pregnancy were included. The first meta-analysis (MA) included 10 studies reporting final scores of prenatal anxiety. A negative association between moderate PA during pregnancy and prenatal anxiety was found in this analysis (z = −2.62, p < 0.01; ES = −0.46, 95% CI = −0.80, −12, I2 = 84%, Pheterogeneity = 0.001). The second MA included eight studies in which measures both before and after a PA intervention were reported. The findings of this analysis revealed a positive association between exercise practice during pregnancy and a decrease in prenatal anxiety scores (z = −3.39, p < 0.001; ES = −0.48, 95% CI = −0.76, −0.20, I2 = 71%, Pheterogeneity = 0.001). Supervised PA during pregnancy could prevent and reduce prenatal anxiety and anxiety symptoms.

scholarly journals Hard Feelings: Predicting Attitudes Toward Former Romantic Partners

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Joachim Grüning ◽  
Anna-Lena Loose ◽  
Joachim Israel Krueger
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Social Support ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Romantic Partners ◽  
Negative Association ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Practical Implications

Most research on relationship quality addresses ongoing involvements. Research on past relationships is rare. As a first step, Athenstaedt and colleagues (2020) explored attitudes toward former romantic partners in an Austrian sample of heterosexual respondents. They found that men held less negative attitudes than women. In two studies conducted in Germany and the USA, we replicate this gender difference and explore the role of three psychological predictors. Like Athenstaedt et al., we find that the degree of perceived social support before the breakup and continued friendly relations after the breakup have a positive association with ex-partner attitude. Critically, we introduce and corroborate the hypothesis that regret over having started the relationship has a negative association. However, regret also fails to mediate the association between gender and ex-partner attitude. We discuss the practical implications of these findings and note directions for future research.

scholarly journals The Relation Between Students’ Effort and Monitoring Judgments During Learning: A Meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 979-1002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martine Baars ◽  
Lisette Wijnia ◽  
Anique de Bruin ◽  
Fred Paas
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Time Pressure ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Negative Association ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Effort Allocation ◽  
Self Regulated Learning ◽  
Paired Associates ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Research has shown a bi-directional association between the (perceived) amount of invested effort to learn or retrieve information (e.g., time, mental effort) and metacognitive monitoring judgments. The direction of this association likely depends on how learners allocate their effort. In self-paced learning, effort allocation is usually data driven, where the ease of memorizing is used as a cue, resulting in a negative correlation between effort and monitoring judgments. Effort allocation is goal driven when it is strategically invested (e.g., based on the importance of items or time pressure) and likely results in a positive correlation. The current study used a meta-analytic approach to synthesize the results from several studies on the relationship between effort and monitoring judgments. The results showed that there was a negative association between effort and monitoring judgments (r = − .355). Furthermore, an exploration of possible moderators of this association between effort and monitoring was made. The negative association was no longer significant when goal-driven regulation was manipulated. Furthermore, it was found that the type of monitoring judgment (i.e., a weaker association for prospective judgments) and type of task (stronger association for problem-solving tasks relative to paired associates) moderated the relation between effort and monitoring. These results have important implications for future research on the use of effort as a cue for monitoring in self-regulated learning.

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