Toward Understanding and Measuring Grandiose and Vulnerable Narcissism Within Trait Personality Models

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 498-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate L. Derry ◽  
Jeneva L. Ohan ◽  
Donna M. Bayliss
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
The Self ◽  
Underlying Structure ◽  
Fit Indices ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Vulnerable Narcissism ◽  
Considerable Confusion ◽  
Personality Models ◽  
Test Retest Reliability ◽  
Item Scale

Abstract. Research on trait narcissism is hindered by considerable confusion over its underlying structure, especially differences between pathological and normal narcissism, and grandiose and vulnerable narcissism. To address this problem, we describe two studies that examined the factor structure of a broad range of narcissism items and the implications for current narcissism theory. In Study 1, 881 undergraduates completed a scale composed of items taken trans-theoretically from narcissism scales that targeted grandiose, vulnerable, and normal narcissism descriptions. An exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was conducted and construct validity was established. In Study 2, 298 community-based participants were surveyed. Fit indices of a reduced 20-item scale and test-retest reliability were examined. Both studies supported a hierarchical structure of distinct grandiose and vulnerable factors, each with interpersonal and intrapersonal components. Thus, trait narcissism seems best described by grandiose and vulnerable dimensions, each of which can be focused toward the self or others.

Maladaptive and Adaptive Cognitions About the Self and Others: Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the Brief Core Schemas Scales

2022 ◽  
pp. 003329412110636
Author(s):  
Bruno Faustino
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Self ◽  
Fit Indices ◽  
Portuguese Population ◽  
Dysfunctional Cognitions ◽  
Confirmatory Factor

The presence of dysfunctional cognitions about how individuals see themselves and others is a hallmark of psychopathology. The Brief Core Schemas Scale (BCSS) was developed to evaluate adaptive and dysfunctional beliefs about the self and others. This study describes the first psychometric analysis of the BCSS in the Portuguese population. Participants were recruited from community ( N = 320, Mage=27.31, DP = 12.75). Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to confirm the BCSS factorial structure. Four-factor model revealed moderate to adequate goodness-of-fit indices (χ2/df = 717.1, (246) p = .01; SRMR = .044; RMSEA = .077; CFI/TLI < .90). Negative views of the self and others correlated positively with early maladaptive schemas, distress, and symptomatology and correlated negatively with psychological well-being. An inversed correlational pattern was found with the positive views of the self and others. Despite the model's moderate adherence to the data, results suggest that the BCSS may be an asset in the assessment of dysfunctional and adaptive cognitions about the self and others. Further analysis is required to deepen the psychometric properties of the BCSS in the Portuguese population.

scholarly journals The Discrepancies Between Individual-Set and Parent-Set Career Goals Scale: Development and Initial Validation

2020 ◽  
pp. 089484532090179
Author(s):  
Dian R. Sawitri ◽  
Peter A. Creed ◽  
Mirwan S. Perdhana
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Career Goals ◽  
Underlying Structure ◽  
First Year ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Initial Validation ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Item Scale

As there was no existing, psychometrically sound scale that directly assessed the discrepancies that young people experience between individual-set career goals and parent-set career goals, we developed and provided initial validation for a 15-item scale for use with young adults. In Study 1, items were developed, reviewed by experts, and administered to a sample of first year, undergraduate Indonesian students ( N = 426, M age = 18.42 years). We used exploratory factor analysis to reduce the number of items and assess the factor structure and used confirmatory factor analyses on a holdout sample to assess this underlying structure. We then provided evidence for construct validity. Recommendations for use in research and practice are discussed.

Measuring Emotional Labor among Young Workers

AAOHN Journal ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 201-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnold B. de Castro ◽  
Barbara Curbow ◽  
Jacqueline Agnew ◽  
Jennifer A. Haythornthwaite ◽  
Sheila T. Fitzgerald
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Emotional Labor ◽  
Young Workers ◽  
Surface Acting ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Deep Acting ◽  
Cronbach's Alpha ◽  
Test Retest Reliability ◽  
Item Scale

This analysis examines the applicability of the emotional labor scale from the Emotions at Work Scale (EWS) through the assessment of its psychometric properties in a sample of young workers. Factor analysis and test—retest reliability were conducted on a 13-item scale measuring emotional labor. The EWS 13-item emotional labor scale was refined to 9 items. Two subscales were delineated: 5 items measured surface acting and 4 items measured deep acting, each with a mean inter-item correlation of 0.33. Cronbach's alpha was .96 for the 9-item scale, and .71 and .67 for the surface acting and deep acting subscales, respectively. Test—retest reliability was 0.64 for surface acting and 0.51 for deep acting during a mean interval of 3 months. Emotional labor can be quantitatively measured among young workers using the derived 9-item scale, although additional studies further evaluating its use should be conducted.

scholarly journals Reliability and Validity of the Commitment to Physical Activity Scale for Adolescents

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 343-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorraine B. Robbins ◽  
Jiying Ling ◽  
Stacey M. Wesolek ◽  
Anamaria S. Kazanis ◽  
Kelly A. Bourne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Activity Scale ◽  
Test Retest Reliability ◽  
Physical Activity Scale ◽  
Item Scale

Purpose. To examine psychometric properties of a Commitment to Physical Activity Scale for Adolescents (CPASA). Design. Two test-retest studies and a prospective study, approved by a university institutional review board, were conducted in midwestern U.S. urban areas. Setting. The first test-retest study occurred in four community centers, the second test-retest study took place in a community school, and the prospective study occurred in eight middle schools. Subjects. To measure commitment at baseline and 1 week later, 51 girls in the first test-retest study completed an original 26-item scale, and 91 in the second test-retest study completed a revised 11-item scale. In the prospective study, 503 girls completed the 11-item scale. Measures. Commitment was measured via the CPASA. After completing the CPASA, girls in the prospective study wore ActiGraph GT3X-plus accelerometers that measured light, moderate, and vigorous physical activity (LMVPA) and moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Analysis. Internal consistency and test-retest reliability were estimated. Both exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were conducted to cross-validate the factor structure. Results. For the 11-item CPASA, Cronbach α ranged from .81 to .82, and test-retest reliability was .88. Both EFA and CFA indicated a single factor. The scale was significantly correlated with LMVPA (r = .10) and MVPA (r = .11). Conclusion. The 11-item CPASA demonstrated acceptable reliability and validity with girls.

Measuring the Caritas Processes: Caring Factor Survey

2010 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 15-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela P. DiNapoli, ◽  
John Nelson, ◽  
Marian Turkel, ◽  
Jean Watson,
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Registered Nurses ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Study ◽  
Underlying Structure ◽  
Practice Setting ◽  
Item Reduction ◽  
Theory Of Human Caring ◽  
Human Caring ◽  
Item Scale

The purpose of this quantitative study was to develop a 10-item suwey to measure the caritas processes. By using exploratory factor analysis to examine the underlying structure of the 20-item Caring Factor Survey it was discovered that taken together the caritas processes are a measure of the single concept of caring that can be reliably measured by a 10-item scale. The results of the factor analysis and item reduction, resulting in a 10-item Caring Factor Suwey are presented. The 10-item Caring Factor Suwey can be used by registered nurses in the practice setting to measure caring when practice is guided by Watson’s (1979) theory of human caring.

The Development of the Brief Sexual Performance Anxiety Scale

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 329-342
Author(s):  
Allysha Kochenour ◽  
James D. Griffith
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Performance Anxiety ◽  
Anxiety Scale ◽  
The Self ◽  
Single Factor ◽  
Sexual Performance ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

Performance anxiety impairs attention, increases avoidant behaviors, and is associated with negative evaluations of the self. Relating to sexual experiences, performance is adversely affected by anxiety. Scales measuring the construct of anxiety specifically related to sexual performance are lacking. A series of three studies were conducted in an effort to develop a brief measure of sexual performance anxiety.  The current study (N = 530 across three samples) developed and evaluated the psychometric properties of the Brief Sexual Performance Anxiety Scale (BSPAS).  An exploratory factor analysis yielded an 8-item instrument that was shown to be a single-factor construct which accounted for 52% of the variance.  Cronbach’s alpha was assessed during each study and ranged from .87 - .90.  Acceptable test-retest reliability over a 4-week interval was also obtained.  A confirmatory factor analysis provided evidence that the unidimensional model of the scale fit the data well.  The instrument also showed reasonable convergent, discriminant, concurrent, and predictive validities.  The BSPAS was created to be an inclusive instrument that can be used to assess sexual performance anxiety in adults across gender, age, sexual orientation, and culture which may be useful to researchers, clinicians, and sex educators.

scholarly journals Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the caregiver contribution to self-care of chronic illness inventory in China: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. e048875
Author(s):  
Dan Dan Chen ◽  
Hui Zhang ◽  
Nianqi Cui ◽  
Leiwen Tang ◽  
Jing Shao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Chronic Illness ◽  
Content Validity ◽  
Self Care ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
The Self ◽  
Fit Indices ◽  
Validity Index ◽  
Cross Sectional

ObjectiveCaregiver contribution (CC) is important for the self-care behaviors of chronic disease individuals, as it could enhance patient outcomes. Therefore, it is necessary to assess this CC by using a good validity and reliability instrument. The Caregiver Contribution to Self-Care Chronic Illness Inventory (CC-SC-CII) was designed to assess CC to self-care behaviors of patients with chronic illness in Italy. However, it was unclear whether this tool had sound psychometrics properties in the context of Chinese culture. Therefore, we performed the cross-cultural adaption of the CC-SC-CII and we tested its psychometric properties among Chinese caregivers of patients with chronic disease.DesignA cross-sectional observational design.SettingsParticipants were recruited from communities and institutions in Pingdingshan, Henan Province, China.Participants301 caregivers of care recipients with chronic disease completed the Chinese version of the CC-SC-CII (C-CC-SC-CII).Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe content validity index of items (I-CVI), the scale content validity index-average (S-CVI/Ave), exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), internal consistency and item analysis were tested.ResultsThe range of I-CVI was between 0.833 and 1.00, and the score of S-CVI was 0.991. In CFA, the C-CC to self-care monitoring scale had satisfactory fit indices. However, the C-CC to self-care maintenance and management scales had unsupported fit indices. The reliability coefficients of C-CC-SC-CII were 0.792, 0.880 and 0.870 for its three scales. Item-total correlations were all over 0.590. Test–retest reliability showed that the range of intraclass correlation coefficients was from 0.728 to 0.783.ConclusionThe C-CC-SC-CII has sound psychometrics characteristics and is a culturally appropriate and reliable instrument for assessing CC to the self-care behaviours of patients with chronic disease in China.

scholarly journals Reliability and validity study of the Thai adaptation of the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory-Student Survey (CBI-SS) among preclinical medical students at the Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Thailand

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0261887
Author(s):  
Wasit Wongtrakul ◽  
Yodying Dangprapai ◽  
Nattha Saisavoey ◽  
Naratip Sa-nguanpanich
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Burnout Syndrome ◽  
Fit Indices ◽  
Student Survey ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Siriraj Hospital ◽  
Preclinical Medical Students ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

Burnout syndrome is a syndrome of emotional exhaustion, professional efficacy and cynicism. A significant proportion of medical students reported having burnout syndrome during their training in medical education. Several tools including the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory-Student Survey (CBI-SS) are considered to be a valid measurement of burnout syndrome in medical students. This study aimed to translate, culturally adapt, and validate the CBI-SS for assessing burnout syndrome among preclinical medical students in Thailand. This study was conducted during February to March 2019 at the Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University (Bangkok, Thailand), which is Thailand’s largest and oldest medical school, and Thailand’s largest national tertiary referral center. After receiving formal permission to do so from the copyright owner, the original English language version of the CBI-SS was translated to Thai language using an internationally recommended and accepted forward-backward translation protocol. The Thai version of the CBI-SS (Thai CBI-SS) comprises 25 items, including 6 items for personal burnout, 7 items for study-related burnout, 6 items for colleague-related burnout, and 6 items for teacher-related burnout. Standardized Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was calculated to evaluate internal consistency reliability, and correlation coefficient was computed to determine test-retest reliability. A total of 414 preclinical medical students participated in this study. Due to sub-optimal factor weights (<0.50), items 6, 10 and 17 were excluded. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficients of the 22-item Thai CBI-SS for personal, study-related, colleague-related, and teacher-related burnout were 0.898, 0.896, 0.910 and 0.900 respectively. The correlation coefficients for test-retest reliability after three weeks were 0.820, 0.870, 0.821, and 0.787 for personal, study-related, colleague-related, and teacher-related burnout, respectively. Maximum likelihood analysis with oblimin rotation indicated four main components, and confirmatory factor analysis revealed good fit indices of the Thai CBI-SS. Confirmatory factor analysis showed good fit indices of CBI-SS domains (χ2/df = 2.39; CFI = 0.957; GFI = 0.909; RMSEA = 0.058; TLI = 0.949; and NFI = 0.928). The convergent validity analysis using the Average Variance Extracted (AVE) and the Composite Reliability (CR) was adequate for all dimensions (personal: AVE = 0.626, CR = 0.893; study-related: AVE = 0.601, CR = 0.899; colleague-related: AVE = 0.677, CR = 0.913; teacher-related: AVE = 0.606, CR = 0.900). The HTMT values for all variables are in the range from 0.315 to 0.833, confirming the discriminant validity. The Thai CBI-SS was found to be a valid and reliable tool for evaluating burnout syndrome in preclinical medical students in Thailand.

scholarly journals Construction of Moral Disengagement Scale for Adults: A Reliable Measure

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-223
Author(s):  
Ayesha Saif ◽  
Saima Riaz
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Moral Disengagement ◽  
Item Analysis ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Indigenous Research ◽  
Fit Indices ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Model Fit Indices ◽  
Test Retest Reliability ◽  
Age Range

The main objective of current research was development of an indigenous Moral Disengagement Scale for Adults (MDS-A) in Urdu language. The subsequent objective was the establishment of reliability of newly developed Scale. Initially an item pool of 116 items was formulated based on Bandura’s model (2002) which was reduced to 106 items and later 92 items after expert’s evaluation and item analysis, respectively. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) was conducted on 92 items scale by administering it on 579 adults (250 men and 329 women), age range of 19-83 years from villages and various educational institutes of district Gujrat, Pakistan. EFA by using Principal Component Analysis with Varimax Orthogonal Rotation resulted in six factor solution of 63 items. Later Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) confirmed the six-factor structure on an independent sample of 413 adults (193 men and 220 women) with age range 19-80 years from Gujrat district, Pakistan. After deletion of 43 items, CFA yielded good model fit indices for final 20 items MDS-A. MDS-A had very satisfactory Cronbach’s alpha reliability and test-retest reliability. MDS-A also demonstrated construct validity in terms of highly significant item-total correlations and subscale-to-scale total correlations. Overall, a reliable and valid scale for measurement of moral disengagement among adults in Pakistani culture is available for further indigenous research and counselling settings.

Comparison of Unitary and Multidimensional Models of the Whiteley Index in a Nonclinical Sample: Implications for Understanding and Assessing Health Anxiety

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon J. R. Asmundson ◽  
Nicholas R. Carleton ◽  
Candice V. Bovell ◽  
Steven Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Health Anxiety ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Fit Indices ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Item Content ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

Health anxiety is an important but poorly assessed phenomenon. Manifesting along a continuum, health anxiety is the result of a catastrophic appraisal of somatic sensations and changes as indicative of disease. The Whiteley Index (WI) is one of the most widely used self-report measures for assessing health anxiety both for research and for clinical practice. It generally exhibits excellent and robust psychometric properties for internal consistency, test–retest reliability, convergent validity, and concurrent validity; however, both its item content and its factor structure are matters of debate. Moreover, the measure has rarely been assessed in nonclinical samples. For the present study, a sample of 300 participants from the University of Regina completed the WI. If the latent dimensions identified in factor analysis represent etiologic mechanisms, then the elucidation of the WI’s factor structure may enhance our understanding of health anxiety. Exploratory factor analysis was used to determine a robust and reliable item content and factor structure, resulting in a six-item two-factor structure that was invariant across gender. The two factors were denoted Somatic Symptoms/Bodily Preoccupation and Disease Worry/Phobia. Previous factor structure solutions were compared to the factor structure derived from this study by means of confirmatory factor analysis. The newly established item content and factor structure resulted in acceptable fit indices that were statistically superior to those found using the previous factor structure solutions. Implications and directions for assessment of health anxiety and future research are discussed.

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