Interdisciplinary Insights Into the Time Dimension of Human Thought and Behavior

1994 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-159
Author(s):  
Roy F. Baumeister
Keyword(s):  
Time Dimension ◽  
Human Thought ◽  
And Behavior

Religion and the Body

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Fuller
Keyword(s):  
Mating Strategies ◽  
The Body ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Genital Mutilation ◽  
Religious Traditions ◽  
Human Thought ◽  
Sensory Modalities ◽  
Religious Thoughts ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between religion and the body can be viewed from two very different perspectives. The first perspective emphasizes culture’s role in constructing human thought and behavior. This approach illuminates the diverse ways that religious traditions shape human attitudes toward the nature and meaning of their physical bodies. Scholars guided by this perspective have helped us better understand religion’s complicity in such otherwise mysterious phenomena as mandated celibacy, restrictive diets, circumcision, genital mutilation, self-flagellation, or the specification of particular forms of clothing. Newly emerging information about the biological body has given rise to a second approach to the body’s relationship to religion. Rather than exploring how religion influences attitudes toward our bodies, these new studies investigate how our biological bodies exert identifiable influences on our religious thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. Neural chemistry, emotions, sensory modalities, pain responses, mating strategies, sexual arousal systems, and genetic personality predispositions all influence the personal salience of religious beliefs or behavior. Attention to the biological body unravels many of the enigmas that formerly accompanied the study of such things as the appeal of apocalyptic beliefs, the frequent connection between religion and systems of healing, devotional piety aiming toward union with a beloved deity, the specific practices entailed in ascetic spirituality, or the mechanisms triggering ecstatic emotional states.

scholarly journals Age Differences in the Effects of Mortality Salience on the Correspondence Bias

2016 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 329-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Molly Maxfield ◽  
Tom Pyszczynski ◽  
Jeff Greenberg ◽  
Michael N. Bultmann
Keyword(s):  
Age Differences ◽  
Terror Management Theory ◽  
Mortality Salience ◽  
Terror Management ◽  
Management Theory ◽  
Correspondence Bias ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Human Thought ◽  
Age Related ◽  
And Behavior

According to terror management theory, awareness of death affects diverse aspects of human thought and behavior. Studies have shown that older and younger adults differ in how they respond to reminders of their mortality. The present study investigated one hypothesized explanation for these findings: Age-related differences in the tendency to make correspondent inferences. The correspondence bias was assessed in younger and older samples after death-related, negative, or neutral primes. Younger adults displayed increased correspondent inferences following mortality primes, whereas older adults’ inferences were not affected by the reminder of death. As in prior research, age differences were evident in control conditions; however, age differences were eliminated in the death condition. Results support the existence of age-related differences in responses to mortality, with only younger adults displaying increased reliance on simplistic information structuring after a death reminder.

scholarly journals Landasan Pendidikan Akhlak menurut HAMKA

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Syifa Tsamrotul Fuadi ◽  
Hasan Bisri ◽  
Sumadi Sumadi
Keyword(s):  
Moral Education ◽  
Religious Education ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Moral Thought ◽  
Human Thought ◽  
Library Research ◽  
Thought Patterns ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Attitudes And Behavior

Moral education is education which is about the basics of morals (morals) and the virtue of character, the traits a child must have from childhood until he becomes a convert. Morals are closely related to human thought patterns, attitudes and behavior. Good morals or noble morals are attitudes and behaviors that must be possessed by every Muslim, either directly related to Allah Almighty, or to His creatures. Regarding the moral education, the researcher studied the thoughts of Haji Abdul Malik Karim Amrullah (HAMKA), a prominent scholar from Minangkabau. This study is to determine the moral education according to HAMKA, both for students and for the community. Moreover, some of HAMKA's thoughts on Islamic Education, many say that the form of all his thoughts on the issue of Education is to emphasize more on mental education or morals. The objectives of this research are: 1) To know the basis of moral thought according to HAMKA, 2) To know the purpose of moral education according to HAMKA, and 3) To find out the moral education according to HAMKA and its relevance to Islamic religious education. This study uses library research (library research) with descriptive analysis method, namely by collecting data, compiling and classifying, compiling and interpreting it. This descriptive study was carried out by collecting data, classifying the data, then formulating the rules for compliance contained in the data. The results of the research conducted by the intruder is that according to HAMKA, the moral basis is an inner temper that can change so that if it arises based on reason and religion, a good character will emerge and vice versa if it arises not based on reason and religion, a bad character will appear or is often called with a despicable character. The sources of moral education according to HAMKA are the Koran, Assunah, tawhid, and reason.

scholarly journals An Inquisition for Propaganda and Mass Deception: Deposing the Neolithic Mind

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert L. Walsh
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Mass Communication ◽  
Shared Understanding ◽  
Human Language ◽  
Human Communication ◽  
Human Thought ◽  
Fatal Flaw ◽  
The Masses ◽  
And Behavior

Human language harbors a mechanical aberration, leaving human communication vulnerable to manipulation. Mass deception is the systematic exploitation of this linguistic glitch, the agency of which is premeditated indoctrination. Its influence over human thought and behavior is rooted in the phenomenon of the tribal mind, an unconscious collective ego predisposed to propaganda. In its early modern iterations, Eddie Bernays heralded propaganda as an efficient way to establish shared understanding between an individual and established information that this individual encounters. Communicating to the masses was seen as a means of educating the masses, and this was celebrated. Now, though, inside the utter profusion of multifaceted information, propaganda’s bearing in mass communication cannot be ignored as a contaminant at its source. The challenge is the ease with which intra-action can be subtly systematized, around an insidious fatal flaw.

scholarly journals A topic landscape study for adolescent depression

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tianran Li ◽  
Liang Guo ◽  
Xiaoqiang Wang ◽  
Stijn Decoster
Keyword(s):  
Parenting Styles ◽  
Family Environment ◽  
Adolescent Depression ◽  
Arima Model ◽  
Time Dimension ◽  
Evolution Analysis ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Visualization Strategy ◽  
Development Analysis ◽  
And Behavior

BackgroundLiterature on adolescent depression is not only rich in content and diverse in form, but also scattered and complex in structure. However, there is no dynamic development analysis and evolution analysis related to the topic. Therefore, this study drew a topic landscape map and predicted the prevalence of topics in the future.MethodsA systematic review was made to collect research publications on adolescent depression and describe the development of this field in the last five decades. We adopted visualization strategy and Herfindahl-Hirschman Index to uncover the latent structure of different topics from literature. The ARIMA model was utilized to predict the prevalence of each topic in the time dimension.ResultsBy using content analysis technique, 21 topics are extracted from 1,595 articles of adolescent depression. These 21 topics were further divided into four hot topics, seven stable topics and ten cold topics based on the results of the ARIMA model. In particular, we predict that “family environment and parenting styles”, “diagnosis, treatment and interventions” and “mental disorder and behavior problems” will receive much attention in the next five years.ConclusionThis paper provides temporal characteristics of each topic. This has an important implication to choose promising research topics for researchers and journal editors.

scholarly journals Strategi Kesantunan Masyarakat Multikultural

SUAR BETANG ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Misbahul Munir ◽  
Miftahulkhairah Anwar ◽  
NFN Nuruddin
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Communication Tool ◽  
Cultural Backgrounds ◽  
Human Thought ◽  
Politeness Strategies ◽  
Data Collection Technique ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Everyday Communication ◽  
Directive Speech

Language is a product of human thought used as a communication tool. Language also reflects a person's attitudes, thoughts, and behavior. Therefore, politeness strategies are needed in communicating, especially with people who have just met or have social distance. Jakarta, as a capital city, consists of various tribes and different customary and cultural backgrounds. The language used within is of course various in everyday communication. Accents still signify the identity of the tribes. The purpose of this study was to describe the use of Brown and Levinson's politeness strategies in people's daily conversations in Semanan Village, RT 002 RW 006, Semanan Village, West Jakarta. The method used in this research is a qualitative method using the recording technique as a data collection technique. The data is then categorized and analyzed. The results of this study show that the speech strategy consists of direct politeness strategies, positive politeness strategies, negative politeness strategies, and indirect politeness strategies. There are also directive speech, namely: assertive speech and expressive speech.AbstrakBahasa merupakan produk pikiran manusia yang kegunaannya sebagai alat komunikasi. Bahasa juga mencerminkan sikap, pikiran, dan perilaku seseorang. Oleh karena itu, strategi kesantunan dibutuhkan dalam berkomunikasi, terlebih dengan orang-orang yang baru ditemui atau memiliki jarak sosial. Sebagai ibu kota, Jakarta terdiri atas beragam suku dan latar belakang adat serta kebudayaan yang berbeda-beda. Bahasa yang digunakan tentu bermacam-macam. Logatnya pun masih menandakan identitas sukunya. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mendeskripsikan penggunaan strategi kesantunan Brown dan Levinson dalam percakapan sehari-hari masyarakat di Kampung Semanan, RT 002 RW 006, Kelurahan Semanan, Jakarta Barat. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif dengan menggunakan teknik rekam sebagai teknik pengumpulan data. Data kemudian dikategorisasi dan dianalisis. Berdasarkan analisis, strategi tuturan yang dapat diidentifikasi terdiri atas strategi kesantunan langsung, strategi kesantunan positif, strategi kesantunan negatif, dan strategi kesantunan tidak langsung. Terdapat pula tuturan direktif, yakni tuturan asertif dan tuturan ekspresif.

scholarly journals Birds and Beasts in the Zhuangzi, Fables Interpreted by Guo Xiang and Cheng Xuanying

Religions ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 445
Author(s):  
Richard John Lynn
Keyword(s):  
Good Life ◽  
Sixth Century ◽  
The Good Life ◽  
Human Thought ◽  
Personal Nature ◽  
Medieval China ◽  
Religious Dimensions ◽  
Animal Fables ◽  
Daode Jing ◽  
And Behavior

Birds and beasts often appear in the Zhuangzi, in fables and parables meant to be read analogically as instructions for human thought and behavior. Whereas the analogical significance of some fables is obvious, in others it is obscure and in need of explication, and even the readily accessible can be made to yield more clarity thanks to commentaries. This paper explores contributions made by the commentaries of Guo Xiang (252–312) and Cheng Xuanying (ca. 620–670) to the understanding of such fables. Guo Xiang and Wang Bi 王弼 (226–249) are the two most important figures in the xuanxue 玄學 “arcane learning” or “Neo-Daoism” movement of early medieval China (third to sixth century C.E.), which combined elements of Confucianism with the thought of Daoist foundational texts, especially the Daode jing (Classic of the Dao and Virtue) and the Zhuangzi (Sayings of Master Zhuang). Focus of the movement was the promotion of the concept and practice of the sage-ruler as a catalyst for the regeneration of self and society, leading to the foundation of a worldly utopia. Guo’s is the earliest intact philosophical commentary to the Zhuangzi and one of the most widely read during premodern times. Cheng Xuanying composed the only subcommentary to Guo’s commentary. Its more explicit style is most helpful in deciphering Guo’s too often cryptic and elliptical statements. However, it also tends to shunt Guo’s statecraft reading of the Zhuangzi more in the direction of explicating philosophical and religious dimensions of the text. Whereas Guo’s observations about sagehood, self-fulfillment, and the good life largely focus on the sage-ruler and his relation to his people, Cheng’s approach tends more to explore issues of personal self-realization and individual enlightenment, and, as such, is far more “religious” than Guo’s. However, when it comes to accounts of birds and beasts, parodies and satires, which address the limitations, failures, delusions and faulty assumptions, narrow-mindedness, and other human foibles, both Guo and Cheng see them all rooted in self-conscious thought and knowledge, and thus deadly impediments to enlightenment. Other passages about beasts and birds use animal fables as exemplars of truth concerning endowed personal nature and the natural propensity to stay within the bounds of individual natural capacity. Since the commentaries of Guo and Cheng add important dimensions to these accounts, this study explores these as well.

scholarly journals Variability and stability of large-scale cortical oscillation patterns

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 481-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy Cox ◽  
Anna C. Schapiro ◽  
Robert Stickgold
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Rhythmic Activity ◽  
Brain Organization ◽  
Human Thought ◽  
Network Similarity ◽  
Spatiotemporal Scales ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
And Task

Individual differences in brain organization exist at many spatiotemporal scales and underlie the diversity of human thought and behavior. Oscillatory neural activity is crucial for these processes, but how such rhythms are expressed across the cortex within and across individuals is poorly understood. We conducted a systematic characterization of brain-wide activity across frequency bands and oscillatory features during rest and task execution. We found that oscillatory profiles exhibit sizable group-level similarities, indicating the presence of common templates of oscillatory organization. Nonetheless, well-defined subject-specific network profiles were discernible beyond the structure shared across individuals. These individualized patterns were sufficiently stable to recognize individuals several months later. Moreover, network structure of rhythmic activity varied considerably across distinct oscillatory frequencies and features, indicating the existence of several parallel information processing streams embedded in distributed electrophysiological activity. These findings suggest that network similarity analyses may be useful for understanding the role of large-scale brain oscillations in physiology and behavior.

Why minds create gods: Devotion, deception, death, and arational decision making

2004 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 754-770 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Atran ◽  
Ara Norenzayan
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Religious Beliefs ◽  
Metacognitive Awareness ◽  
Beliefs And Practices ◽  
Human Thought ◽  
Religious Devotion ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
By Products

The evolutionary landscape that canalizes human thought and behavior into religious beliefs and practices includes naturally selected emotions, cognitive modules, and constraints on social interactions. Evolutionary by-products, including metacognitive awareness of death and possibilities for deception, further channel people into religious paths. Religion represents a community's costly commitment to a counterintuitive world of supernatural agents who manage people's existential anxieties. Religious devotion, though not an adaptation, informs all cultures and most people.

scholarly journals القيم العائلية في المصادر التراثية وأثر التطور الحضاري (Family Values in the Traditional Sources and The Impact of Civilizational Development)

1970 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
أنطوان ج. عبدو (Antoan G. ‘Abdu)
Keyword(s):  
Family Values ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Sciences ◽  
Traditional Values ◽  
Human Thought ◽  
Methodological Research ◽  
New Concepts ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Beneficial Approach

ملخص البحث:قليلا ما يلتفت الباحثون في  قضايا الأدب وعلاقته بالحياة الى القيم الأساسية الفردية والعائلية (الأسرية) التي يختزنها التراث الحضاري في ما يحمله من رصيد ثقافي وأخلاقي وديني يسهم في إضاءة تفكير الناس وبناء مُثُلهم وتوجهاتهم الإنسانية. وقد يواجه ذلك الجهد صعوبات مبرّرة خصوصاً في ما تستوجبه المقاربة، المفيدة قطعاً، بين الدراسة الأدبية وعلم الاجتماع، والعلوم الإنسانية عموماً، فإيجاد طريق للمداخلة البحثية المنهجية بينها ليست سلسة؛ لذا تحاول هذه الدراسة أن تقارب هذا الميدان انطلاقاً من الرغبة في عدم الاكتفاء بما ورد في ديوان الشعر العربي والتراث القديم من قيم الكرم والفروسية والنجدة، وما يتصل بها من صيغ مستعادة، فلا بد من العودة الى الموارد التراثية الغنية لدرسها واستكشاف عناصر الثبات والتغّير التي واجهتها هذه القيم الفردية والأسرية، خصوصاً بعد ظهور الإسلام وما أحدثه في المفاهيم الدينية الجديدة وفي الفروض والعقائد والسلوكيات، وما أحدثه بعد الفتوحات وتعايش الحضارات والشعوب فى العواصم المختلفة. وقد أدخلت هذه النهضة معطيات ثقافية وحضارية رفدت تلك الأسس بمفاهيم وعادات جديدة شخصية وعائلية واجتماعية حركت مظاهر التفكير والحياة والسلوك والتعبير الأدبي والفني، مما لا نزال نشهد تطوراته السوسيولوجية إلى يومنا هذا.الكلمات المفتاحية: القيم التراثية- العائلة- المؤثرات الحضارية- الثبات والتغيّر- العصر الحديث.Abstract:It is rare for scholars in the issues of literature and its relation to life to direct their attention to the basic individual and family values that civilizational tradition preserved in its cultural, ethical and religious content that helped to contribute to enlighten human thought and produce the exemplary figures as well as their humanitarian directions. Such effort often met with difficulties that are justifiable especially in matters that needed the beneficial approach between Sociology, literary studies and Human Sciences in general. To find a middle and convenient way for a methodological research intervention between them is no easy task. This study is an effort to approach this field from the interest in the insufficiency of what came in the anthology of Arabic poems and the classical tradition concerning the values of generosity, knighthood and aid on one hand, and what relates to them concerning their newly recovered form, on the other. Returning to the ancient and wealthy sources is significant in order to study and discover the elements of stability and changes that faced these individual and kinship values particularly after the emergence of Islam as it brought new understanding to the concept of religion in relation to the obligatory acts, belief and behavior. In addition to that the values went through new understanding with the expansion of the Muslim Empire and the coexistence of different nations and tribes in it cities. This new renaissance had given new cultural and civilizational input to those values imparting them with new concepts and traditions related to individual, kinship and social aspects that subsequently influenced the characteristics of thoughts, life and behavior on one hand, and literary and artistic expression on the other; a consequence of which we are witnessing its social development until today.Keywords: Traditional values– Kinship– Civilizational influences– Stability and change– Modern era.Abstrak:Para sarjana yang mengkaji isu-isu kesusasteraan dan hubungannya dengan kehidupan dilihat kurang memberi perhatian terhadap nilai-nilai teras individu dan keluarga, walaupun ia merupakan tradisi peradaban yang memelihara budaya, etika dan agama. Tradisi ini bukan sahaja dapat menjelaskan kekaburan pemikiran, malah membantu melahirkan modal insan, di samping menjadi penunjuk kepada arah laluan seseorang insan. Hal ini mungkin disebabkan oleh kesukaran yang dihadapi oleh mereka dalam mencari pendekatan sesuai yang dapat menggabungkan kajian kesusasteraan dengan ilmu sosiologi dan ilmu kemanusiaan secara umum. Walau bagaimanapun, langkah dan inisiatif menggabungjalinkan kedua-dua bidang ini bukanlah suatu yang mudah. Oleh yang demikian, makalah ini cuba untuk mendekati isu ini yang bertitik tolak daripada kekurangan kajian yang memfokuskan kepada nilai-nilai murni yang terdapat dalam antologi puisi Arab tradisional dan klasik, antaranya ialah kemurahan hati, kepahlawanan, bantuan serta pertolongan. Hal ini sangat penting kerana usaha untuk mengkaji dan merujuk kembali sumber-sumber warisan dan tradisional yang kaya dengan nilai-nilai murni ini dapat mendedahkan unsur-unsur kestabilan, keharmonian dan perubahan-perubahan yang dihadapi oleh individu dan kekeluargaan, terutamanya selepas kedatangan Islam yang membawa nilai dan konsep baru dalam agama khususnya yang melibatkan perkara-perkara wajib, kepercayaan dan tingkah laku. Begitu juga setelah Islam berkembang dan tersebar di seluruh dunia, ia membawa nilai-nilai murni dan adab-adab luhur. Pembaharuan ini telah memberikan input dan konsep baru dalam nilai-nilai kebudayaan dan ketamadunan yang melibatkan individu, kekeluargaan dan masyarakat. Keadaan ini bukan sahaja telah mempengaruhi pemikiran, kehidupan dan tingkah laku, tetapi juga telah memberi kesan terhadap kesusasteraan dan artistik, yang mana kita masih lihat perkembangan sosiologinya hingga ke hari ini.Kata kunci: Nilai-nilai tradisional- Kekeluargaan- Pengaruh kebudayaan- Kestabilan dan perubahan- Era moden.

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