Nightmares and ego strength revisited: Ego strength predicts nightmares above neuroticism and general psychological distress.

Dreaming ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
William E. Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Ego Strength ◽  
General Psychological Distress

scholarly journals Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale amongst Indian Adults

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manoj Kumar Sharma ◽  
David John Hallford ◽  
Nitin Anand
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Mental Health Research ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Stress Scale ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
General Psychological Distress

Background: The Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS) is a widely used measure of negative emotional states. While the DASS is increasingly used in mental health research in India, to date no study has examined the factor structure among Indian adults. Methods: A large community sample of English-speaking Indian adults completed the DASS 21-item version, and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted. Results: The results indicated a good fit for a three factor (depression, anxiety, and stress) and a one-factor model (general psychological distress). There was no substantial difference between the fit of the models, and the DASS subscales were very strongly correlated with one another (r ≥ .80). Conclusion: The findings from this sample suggest that the DASS-21 items appear to assess general psychological distress, with little evidence that the items assess three distinct subscales.

scholarly journals Psychometric Evaluation of the Swedish Version of the Prolonged Grief Disorder-13 (PG-13) in a Bereaved Mixed Trauma Sample

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josefin Sveen ◽  
Kristina Bondjers ◽  
Julia Heinsoo ◽  
Filip K. Arnberg
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Traumatic Event ◽  
Latent Structure ◽  
Prolonged Grief ◽  
General Psychological Distress ◽  
Disability Level ◽  
Three Factor

Background: This study aimed to examine the psychometric properties of the Swedish PG-13 in a bereaved trauma exposed sample. A second aim was to examine the latent structure of prolonged grief using the PG-13.Methods: The participants were adults (n = 123) taking part in an ongoing longitudinal study regarding the effects of potentially traumatic events. Participants had experienced a potentially traumatic event in the past 5 years and had reported a death of a significant other either as their primary traumatic event or in addition to another traumatic event. Assessment included self-report of prolonged grief, posttraumatic stress, and general psychological distress. Clinical interviews were used to assess depression, posttraumatic stress disorder, and disability level. The psychometric properties of the Swedish PG-13 were examined through reliability tests and assessment of associations with symptoms of posttraumatic stress, depression, general psychological distress, and disability level. Principal component analysis (PCA) and confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) were used to assess the latent structure.Results: The internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.86) and test-retest (r = 0.86) reliability were good. PCA suggested a three-factor model as descriptive of the latent structure of the instrument. Therefore, the CFA used this model, as well as two models suggested in the literature. The three-factor model had the best fit to data. Support of concurrent validity of PG-13 was shown by moderate positive associations with measures of posttraumatic stress, depression, and general psychological distress.Conclusions: The Swedish PG-13 demonstrated good psychometric properties, and its use in research and practice to assess prolonged grief was supported. The factor analyses provided stronger support for models with two or three factors, as compared with a unidimensional model of prolonged grief, with the three-factor model having the best fit.

scholarly journals Distress in spouses of service members with symptoms of combat-related PTSD: Secondary traumatic stress or general psychological distress?

2011 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 461-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith D. Renshaw ◽  
Elizabeth S. Allen ◽  
Galena K. Rhoades ◽  
Rebecca K. Blais ◽  
Howard J. Markman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Secondary Traumatic Stress ◽  
Service Members ◽  
General Psychological Distress

scholarly journals Development of the RMT20, a composite screener to identify common mental disorders

BJPsych Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip J. Batterham ◽  
Matthew Sunderland ◽  
Natacha Carragher ◽  
Alison L. Calear
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Epidemiological Surveys ◽  
General Psychological Distress

Background There are few very brief measures that accurately identify multiple common mental disorders. Aims The aim of this study was to develop and assess the psychometric properties of a new composite measure to screen for five common mental disorders. Method Two cross-sectional psychometric surveys were used to develop (n = 3175) and validate (n = 3620) the new measure, the Rapid Measurement Toolkit-20 (RMT20) against diagnostic criteria. The RMT20 was tested against a DSM-5 clinical checklist for major depression, generalised anxiety disorder, panic disorder, social anxiety disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder, with comparison with two measures of general psychological distress: the Kessler-10 and Distress Questionnaire-5. Results The area under the curve for the RMT20 was significantly greater than for the distress measures, ranging from 0.86 to 0.92 across the five disorders. Sensitivity and specificity at prescribed cut-points were excellent, with sensitivity ranging from 0.85 to 0.93 and specificity ranging from 0.73 to 0.83 across the five disorders. Conclusions The RMT20 outperformed two established scales assessing general psychological distress, is free to use and has low respondent burden. The measure is well-suited to clinical screening, internet-based screening and large-scale epidemiological surveys.

scholarly journals Association Between Levels of High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein and General Psychological Distress Symptoms

2016 ◽  
Vol 73 (11) ◽  
pp. 1199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Woojae Myung ◽  
Hong Choi ◽  
Chunsoo Lee ◽  
Jun Ro Lee ◽  
Bernard J. Carroll ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Distress Symptoms ◽  
General Psychological Distress

scholarly journals ACE DD Genotype Is Associated with High Visceral Sensitivity Index Score in Healthy Student Population in Bosnia and Herzegovina

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolina Tomic ◽  
Adi Osmanbegovic ◽  
Amina Mujala ◽  
Danilo Prtvar ◽  
Maida Hadzic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders ◽  
Student Population ◽  
Visceral Hypersensitivity ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
Visceral Sensitivity ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Acute And Chronic Stress ◽  
General Psychological Distress ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background Visceral Sensitivity Index (VSI) questionnaire measures gastrointestinal specific anxiety a mediator of the relationship between general psychological distress measures and gastrointestinal symptom severity. Studies have shown that angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) may be required for sympatoadrenal activation during stress. The aim of our study was to explore the relationship of ACE gene polymorphisms with the scores for self-reported visceral hypersensitivity in the sample of student population exposed to psychological distress. Methods A blood sample was taken from ninety students during exam period. DNA was isolated and genotyping of ACE polymorphism (rs1799752) was performed using PCR method. The PCR products were analysed on a 2% agarose gel. All respondents completed the VSI questionnaire and based on the scores were stratified into two comparison groups. Allele and genotype association was tested using Fisher’s Exact Test in WINPEPI. Results Respondents with total score of up to 65 were classified in the first group and with values over 65 in the second group. Increased frequencies of D allele and DD genotype were observed in the subgroup of students with higher VSI score. Conclusions Obtained results revealed statistically significant association of allele D and DD genotype with increased VSI score. Our results indicate that further genetic and genome studies of regulation of brain-gut axis and visceral hypersensitivity could be helpful in clinical interpretation of their impact on functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGID) symptoms and on development of some other acute and chronic stress related conditions in youth population.

Structural Validity of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale Among Family Members of Critically Ill Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 212-220
Author(s):  
Grant A. Pignatiello ◽  
Aloen L. Townsend ◽  
Ronald L. Hickman
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Critically Ill ◽  
Critically Ill Patients ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
General Psychological Distress ◽  
Surrogate Decision Makers ◽  
Surrogate Decision

Background The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) is commonly used clinically and scientifically among surrogate decision makers for critically ill patients. The validity of the HADS has been scrutinized, but its use among surrogate decision makers has not been examined. Objective To examine the structural validity of the HADS. Methods This study was a secondary analysis of data obtained from a 3-arm randomized controlled trial of a decision support intervention. Participants were recruited from 6 intensive care units at a tertiary medical center in Northeast Ohio. Participants were adult surrogate decision makers for critically ill, cognitively impaired adults who were not expected to be discharged from the intensive care unit within the subsequent 48 hours. The fit of 2-factor, 3-factor, and bifactor structures of the HADS was tested with confirmatory factor analysis. Results The bifactor structure, possessing a general psychological distress factor and anxiety and depression group factors, showed a superior fit and met a priori thresholds for acceptable model fit. The general psychological distress factor accounted for more than 75% of the common variance in the HADS items. Conclusion Confirmatory factor analysis provided evidence supporting a bifactor structure of the HADS. In this sample, the instrument validly measures psychological distress rather than distinct symptoms of anxiety and depression. Replication of these results is encouraged, and use of alternative measures is recommended when measuring distinct symptoms of anxiety and depression among surrogate decision makers for critically ill patients.

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