International Leaders of Psychology Issue Resolution Affirming Climate Change a 'Serious Global Threat'

Climate change is a global threat to the food and nutritional security of the world. As greenhouse-gas emissions in the atmosphere are increasing, the temperature is also rising due to the greenhouse effect. The average global temperature is increasing continuously and is predicted to rise by 2 °C until 2100, which would cause substantial economic losses at the global level. The concentration of CO2, which accounts for a major proportion of greenhouse gases, is increasing at an alarming rate, and has led to higher growth and plant productivity due to increased photosynthesis, but increased temperature offsets this effect as it leads to increased crop respiration rate and evapotranspiration, higher pest infestation, a shift in weed flora, and reduced crop duration. Climate change also affects the microbial population and their enzymatic activities in soil. This paper reviews the information collected through the literature regarding the issue of climate change, its possible causes, its projection in the near future, its impact on the agriculture sector as an influence on physiological and metabolic activities of plants, and its potential and reported implications for growth and plant productivity, pest infestation, and mitigation strategies and their economic impact.

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Climate Change and Livestock Fertility

10.4018/978-1-6684-3686-8.ch061 ◽

2022 ◽

pp. 1256-1277

Author(s):

Vishakha Shrimali ◽

Nibedita Naha ◽

Sukanta Mondal

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Heat Stress ◽

Greenhouse Gases ◽

Follicular Development ◽

Mitigation Strategies ◽

Adaptation To Climate Change ◽

Oocyte Competence ◽

Livestock Sector ◽

Negative Effect ◽

Global Threat

Climate change is a global threat to livestock sector to so many species and ecosystem in different parts of the world. Climate change, heat stress, and nutritional stress are the major intriguing factors responsible for reduced fertility in farm animals in tropical countries. Heat and nutritional stresses affect the reproductive performance by decreasing the expression of estrous behavior, altering ovarian follicular development and hormonal profiles, compromising oocyte competence, and inhibiting embryonic development in livestock. Climate is changed by greenhouse gases that released into atmosphere through man-made activities. Livestock contribute 18% of the production of greenhouse gases itself and causes climate change including heat stress, which has direct and indirect impact on fertility of the animals as well as reduce milk production. Adaptation to climate change and lowering its negative effect by alteration of animal micro-environment using different essential technologies are the main mitigation strategies to recover heat stress damage in this respect.

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Consequences of barriers and changing seasonality on population dynamics and harvest of migratory ungulates

Theoretical Ecology ◽

10.1007/s12080-020-00471-w ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 595-605

Author(s):

Bram Van Moorter ◽

Steinar Engen ◽

John M. Fryxell ◽

Manuela Panzacchi ◽

Erlend B. Nilsen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Population Dynamics ◽

Population Size ◽

Spatial Dynamics ◽

Infrastructure Development ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Behavioral Avoidance ◽

Animal Populations ◽

The Difference ◽

Global Threat

AbstractMany animal populations providing ecosystem services, including harvest, live in seasonal environments and migrate between seasonally distinct ranges. Unfortunately, two major sources of human-induced global change threaten these populations: climate change and anthropogenic barriers. Anthropogenic infrastructure developments present a global threat to animal migrations through increased migration mortality or behavioral avoidance. Climate change alters the seasonal and spatial dynamics of resources and therefore the effects of migration on population performance. We formulated a population model with ideal-free migration to investigate changes in population size and harvest yield due to barriers and seasonal dynamics. The model predicted an increasing proportion of migrants when the difference between areas in seasonality or carrying capacity increased. Both migration cost and behavioral avoidance of barriers substantially reduced population size and harvest yields. Not surprisingly, the negative effects of barriers were largest when the population benefited most from migration. Despite the overall decline in harvest yield from a migratory population due to barriers, barriers could result in locally increased yield from the resident population following reduced competition from migrants. Our approach and results enhance the understanding of how global warming and infrastructure development worldwide may change population dynamics and harvest offtake affecting livelihoods and rural economies.

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Climate Change Litigation: German Family Farmers and Urgenda – Similar Cases, Differing Judgments

Journal for European Environmental & Planning Law ◽

10.1163/18760104-01703005 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (3) ◽

pp. 322-332

Author(s):

Thomas Schomerus

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

The Netherlands ◽

Climate Policy ◽

State Institution ◽

Dutch Government ◽

Family Farmers ◽

German Family ◽

National Programmes ◽

The Supreme Court ◽

Global Threat

In the Dutch Urgenda and the German Family Farmers’ cases, the claimants sued the state to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 2020, according to their national programmes. On the Dutch side, the claimants won in three instances up to the Supreme Court, while they lost at the German Administration Court of Berlin. A main factual difference between the two situations is that in the Netherlands, the Dutch government had, to a certain extent, withdrawn from its initial positions on climate policy. The judgments show that climate change litigation is necessary to gain progress towards a greater understanding of state institution roles in addressing the global threat of climate change, culminating in a better fulfilment of climate change goals.

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La necesidad de incorporar el cambio climático en las políticas de desarrollo

Cuadernos de difusión ◽

10.46631/jefas.2007.v12n23.05 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 12 (23) ◽

pp. 97-113

Author(s):

Julio García Vargas ◽

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Sustainable Development ◽

Developing Countries ◽

Human Race ◽

Average Temperature ◽

Hyogo Framework For Action ◽

Climate Systems ◽

Global Threat ◽

Emission Of Greenhouse Gases ◽

Impacts Of Climate Change

Climate change is considered the most important global threat facing the human race in this century. Due to the excessive emission of greenhouse gases, the global average temperature is increasing thus altering climate systems and raising the sea level. Although developing countries do not contribute signifi cantly to these emissions, they suffer most of their effects. Peru is particularly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change because most of its resources and productive factors such as fi shing, agriculture and transport are climate sensitive. Combined with the challenge and opportunity of ensuring sustainable development in a complex territory in terms of land and population, this vulnerability forces us to include considerations in national policies aimed at reducing the risk of disasters and climate change adaptation. We now have the Hyogo Framework for Action approved by 168 countries.

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Building Resilience: The Gendered Effect of Climate Change on Food Security and Sovereignty in Kakamega-Kenya

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13073751 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (7) ◽

pp. 3751

Author(s):

Pauline Liru ◽

Lindy Heinecken

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Food Security ◽

Rural Women ◽

Food Sovereignty ◽

Qualitative Interviews ◽

Government Support ◽

Women Farmers ◽

Poverty And Inequality ◽

Global Threat ◽

Human And Social Capital

Climate change is a global threat, affecting the food security and food sovereignty of many depending on agriculture for their livelihoods. This is even more pronounced in Kenya, given their over-reliance on rain-fed crops and the frequency of floods and droughts in the country. Through qualitative interviews, this study set out to establish how climate change not only affects the food security, production and consumption of rural women farmers in Kakamega County, Kenya, but their response to climate shocks. Using resilience theory as a lens, we established that women use different pathways to mitigate the effects of climate change on their livelihoods. The study found that initially women adopt coping strategies that are reactive and not sustainable, but soon adapted their farming strategies, using their indigenous knowledge to exercise some control over both their food security and food sovereignty. Besides this, they use their human and social capital to expand their networks of support. By linking up to other organizations and gaining access to government support, they are able to challenge patriarchal relations that perpetuate poverty and inequality and bring about more transformative and sustainable responses to climate change.

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Sociodemographic Characteristics and Dietary Choices as Determinants of Climate Change Understanding and Concern in Saudi Arabia

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph182010605 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (20) ◽

pp. 10605

Author(s):

Ghada Talat Alhothali ◽

Noha M. Almoraie ◽

Israa M. Shatwan ◽

Najlaa M. Aljefree

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Climate Change ◽

Saudi Arabia ◽

Online Survey ◽

Change Score ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sociodemographic Characteristics ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Dietary Choices ◽

Global Threat

Climate change poses a global threat to public health. This study investigated the understanding of, and concern over, climate change in Saudi Arabia and examined the associations with sociodemographic characteristics and dietary choices. This cross-sectional study consisted of 280 participants recruited via an online survey. Of the study participants, 45% demonstrated a sufficient understanding of climate change, and 56% were highly concerned about climate change. Male sex, medium-high monthly income, high education, and governmental employees were determinants of sufficient understanding of and great concern over climate change. Participants who exhibited a high understanding of climate change score demonstrated significantly higher consumption of vegetables (3.47 ± 0.98) and vegetable oils (3.26 ± 1.07) than participants with a low understanding score (3.31 ± 0.96 and 3.00 ± 1.01, respectively) (p ≤ 0.01). Additionally, participants with higher concern of climate change scores exhibited lower consumption of red meat (p = 0.0001), poultry (p = 0.003), margarine (p = 0.02), and soy products (p = 0.04). The study revealed a poor understanding of, but great concern over, climate change. The intake of non-climate-friendly food was typically higher than that of climate-friendly food. These findings are critical for developing strategies to enhance awareness of climate change and encourage people to consume climate-friendly food to mitigate climate change and improve public health.

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Has Climate Change Even Impacted the Valuation of Companies? An Evidence from Gujarat Fluorochemicals Ltd. in India

Management and Economics Research Journal ◽

10.18639/merj.2018.04.678835 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 184 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Anjala Kalsie ◽

Aishwarya Nagpal ◽

◽

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Cash Flow ◽

Chemical Industry ◽

Environmental Changes ◽

Flow Analysis ◽

Carbon Credits ◽

Discounted Cash Flow ◽

Financial Valuation ◽

And Performance ◽

Global Threat

Climate change is undeniably the major challenge of our times and poses a global threat to civilization. The present study attempts to analyze the shift in the environmental changes in the Indian chemical industry and to evaluate such an impact on the financial valuation and performance of the companies by investigating the case of one of the major players in the fluorochemical industry in India, Gujarat Fluorochemicals Ltd. (GFL). Employing Discounted Cash Flow Analysis, the study discovers that climate change in the form of increased carbon credits has positively impacted the financial valuation of GFL. The findings suggest that an increase of approximately 44% in the valuation of the GFL is owing to the revenue from the sale of the carbon credits as per the Kyoto Protocol.

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Climate change risk perception in the USA and alignment with sustainable travel behaviours

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0244545 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. e0244545

Author(s):

Jean Fletcher ◽

James Higham ◽

Nancy Longnecker

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Online Survey ◽

Low Carbon ◽

Climate Change Risk ◽

The Usa ◽

Climate Change Concern ◽

Change Climate ◽

And Gender ◽

Global Threat ◽

Lower Carbon

In an online survey of 1071 Americans conducted in October 2016, we found technological optimism, environmental beliefs, and gender to be better predictors of climate change concern than respondents’ perceived ability to visualize the year 2050 and their future optimism. An important finding from this study is that in October 2016, just before the 2016 Presidential election, 74% of responding Americans were concerned about climate change. Climate change ranked as their second most serious global threat (behind terrorism). However, when asked to describe travel in the year 2050 only 29% of participants discussed lower carbon options, suggesting that actively envisioning a sustainable future was less prevalent than climate change concern. Enabling expectations and active anticipation of a low carbon future may help facilitate mitigation efforts.

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