Empirical Field Research in Post-Genocide Rwanda: Guidelines on Surveying Traumatized Societies

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jutta Tobias
Keyword(s):  
Field Research ◽  
Empirical Field

scholarly journals Identifying challenges to enforcement in protected areas: empirical insights from 15 Colombian parks

Oryx ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 317-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Nolte
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Land Tenure ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Livestock Grazing ◽  
Regulatory Enforcement ◽  
Empirical Field

AbstractProtected areas are intended to conserve biodiversity by restricting human activities within their boundaries. However, such restrictions are difficult to enforce fully in many tropical parks. Improving regulatory enforcement requires an understanding of prevailing challenges to detection and sanctioning activities. Drawing from empirical field research in 15 Colombian parks, I show that current enforcement efforts may be insufficient to deter most priority threats. For long-term infractions, such as agriculture, livestock grazing, and construction, sanctioning violators is challenging, whereas for furtive infractions, such as logging and hunting, it may be difficult to detect violators. Investment in staff, equipment and infrastructure may fail to increase enforcement capacity and yield positive conservation outcomes unless accompanied by resolution of land tenure, clarification of use rights, improved patrolling strategies and protection of park guards.

Social Media and the Knowledge Gap

2022 ◽  
pp. 344-361
Author(s):  
Çiçek Topçu
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Knowledge Gap ◽  
Communication Tool ◽  
Media Environment ◽  
Large Sample ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
Use Of Social Media ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Empirical Field

This study aims to test the relationship between the use of social media and the knowledge gap regarding COVID-19 in the Turkish environment. For this purpose of this empirical field, research was carried out throughout Turkey involving a large sample (N= 1033) in an effort to reveal how level of knowledge of social media users in Turkey regarding an issue in a particular question is shaped. The study discusses the data obtained in the field research. The conclusion, contrary to what is expected, emphasizes that social media environment has a particular presence as a communication tool, which closes the knowledge gap and fosters knowledge acquisition.

scholarly journals Pentecostal cultures in urban peripheries: a socio-anthropological analysis of Pentecostalism in arts, grammars, crime and morality

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Vital da Cunha
Keyword(s):  
Popular Culture ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Science Literature ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Social ◽  
Pentecostal Churches ◽  
The Public Sphere ◽  
The City ◽  
Empirical Field

Abstract In past decades, Catholicism in Brazil has emerged as a privileged theme in the Social Sciences literature, coming to be recognised as a key element in the formation of a "national culture". For the less affluent residents of the city, Catholicism constituted what Sanchis (1997) called “traditional urban popular culture”. Despite the abstraction contained in the notion of a "popular culture", Sanchis’ perspective has had wide academic repercussion. With the growing presence of Pentecostal Evangelicals in the public sphere, and the percentage of people who claimed to be “Evangelical” in the IBGE censuses since 1990, part of the social science literature began to reflect on the possible establishment of a "Pentecostal culture" in Brazil. In this article, I analyse the formation of a Pentecostal culture in urban peripheries. To this end, I consider that the increase in the number of Pentecostal churches and their devotees in these localities provoked changes in different spheres of social life. This article is based on empirical field research carried out intermittently between the years of 1996 and 2015 in the Acari shantytown (Rio de Janeiro).

The Shanghai Re-employment Model: From Local Experiment to Nation-wide Labour Market Policy

2004 ◽  
Vol 177 ◽  
pp. 174-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grace O. M. Lee ◽  
Malcolm Warner
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Employment Service ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Service Centre ◽  
Urban Unemployment ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Economic Developments ◽  
Empirical Field ◽  
Shed Light

Unemployment in China is now a serious and growing problem. In this context, Shanghai has been a pioneer in establishing re-employment service facilities. Starting from a local experiment, the Shanghai programme has been mooted by the Chinese authorities as a model to be replicated nation-wide. In this article, we propose an evaluation of this specific Re-employment Service Centre (zaijiuye fuwu zhongxin) programme, so as to shed light on the measures to be taken in combating urban unemployment. Our empirical field research in Shanghai took the form of over 50 open-ended, qualitative interviews with policy makers, managers, trade union representatives, workers and unemployed persons. Economic developments may make Shanghai seem distinctly special and shed light on the question of wider applicability of the Shanghai model. The replication of such a model has, in our view, only achieved mixed outcomes and the research findings suggest a degree of scepticism as to how far it can be extended.

scholarly journals Frictions of implementing EU humanitarian aid in Greece (2016–2019)—the Emergency Support Instrument and its practical ramifications

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cordula Dittmer ◽  
Daniel F. Lorenz
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Recipient Country ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Humanitarian Aid ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Humanitarian Operations ◽  
Transit Country ◽  
First Time ◽  
Empirical Field ◽  
The Eu

AbstractWith the closure of the border with then-Macedonia in early 2016, it was foreseeable that Greece would become the “last station” for a large number of refugees. Flanked by the agreement between Turkey and the European Union of March 2016, Greece underwent a profound transformation from a transit country to a recipient country. Through a new regulation, the Emergency Support Instrument, initially activated by the European Commission 2016–2019, international humanitarian aid operations were supported for the first time in the EU. The article analyzes the resulting frictions on the basis of empirical field research and a broad literature review. While frictions similar to those in other non-European humanitarian operations exist, specific peculiarities due to the operation taking place in an austerity-ridden member state of the EU must also be noted.

scholarly journals Ostrom, the commons, and the anthropology of “earthlings” and their atmosphere

Focaal ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 (57) ◽  
pp. 104-108
Author(s):  
Dan Rabinowitz
Keyword(s):  
Collective Action ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Common Pool Resources ◽  
Honorary Member ◽  
Political Scientist ◽  
Indigenous Groups ◽  
The Commons ◽  
Formally Trained ◽  
Empirical Field

Elinor Ostrom, joint winner (with Oliver Williamson) of the 2009 Nobel prize in economic sciences, was quickly recognized by anthropologists as an honorary member of the tribe, and as someone whose achievements are a tribute to the discipline (see Baumard 2009; Wutich and Smth 2009). A political scientist by training, Ostrom was not formally trained as an anthropologist or an ethnographer. This notwithstanding, her commitment to empirical field research and her preoccupation since the early 1970s with the role of collective action, trust, and cooperation in arrangements designed to enhance the management of common pool resources (CPRs) repeatedly directed her toward populations (indigenous groups at the margins of states) and issues (institutions designed and operated at the community level) usually associated with anthropology.

scholarly journals Bringing Field Theory to Social Media, and Vice-Versa: Network-Crawling an Economy of Recognition on Facebook

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 205630511773575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johan Lindell
Keyword(s):  
Field Theory ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Network Analysis ◽  
Social Theory ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Institutional Interaction ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
The Social ◽  
Digital Methods ◽  
Empirical Field

Social media research needs social theory in order to historicize and contextualize findings. At the same time, (analogue) social theory may benefit from the affordances of digital methods. This article explores this Janus-faced argument by way of a Facebook crawl of the Swedish field of culture. First, it is argued that field theory helps understand inter-institutional interaction on social media, and that it places activities on social media in a broader social context. Findings of the Facebook crawl illustrate the persistence of the structure and autonomy of the field of culture as depicted by Bourdieu. Second, despite Bourdieu’s rejection of network analysis, it is argued that it supplements empirical field research on two counts. Bourdieu argued for a relational understanding of the social world and for the study of “objective relations” between agents in a field. Following this, the network analysis provides a focus on actual practices—crystallized acts of recognition in the form of “likes” between institutions. This contrasts the somewhat oxymoronic use of self-reports to study “objective relations” that to date characterize Bourdieusian sociology. Additionally, the network analysis of a crawl of institutions on social media has the capacity to begin to uncover the amplitude, or reach, of a social field—which to date is rare in empirical field research. The article concludes by arguing for the mutual benefit of social theory and digital methods.

scholarly journals The Political and Institutional Impact of Syria’s Displacement Crisis: Introduction

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-231
Author(s):  
Marc Lynch
Keyword(s):  
Political Institutions ◽  
Field Research ◽  
The Political ◽  
Syrian Refugees ◽  
International Attention ◽  
Institutional Impact ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Empirical Field ◽  
Forced Movement

Syria’s war has since 2011 generated an exceptionally severe displacement crisis. How has the forced movement of millions of Syrians, both within the country and across borders, impacted political institutions and behavior? This symposium examines the political and institutional impact of Syria’s displacement crisis through a diverse set of methods and original empirical field research. Contributors explore the changes in the nature of Syria’s borders, the effects on Syrian identity, patterns of activism and organization among refugees in Jordan and Lebanon, the dynamics of international attention to Syrian refugees, and the challenges of resettlement in Germany.

The zoonotic potential of bat-borne coronaviruses

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 365-381
Author(s):  
Ny Anjara Fifi Ravelomanantsoa ◽  
Sarah Guth ◽  
Angelo Andrianiaina ◽  
Santino Andry ◽  
Anecia Gentles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Material ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Sympatric Species ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Mammalian Host ◽  
Past Century ◽  
The Past ◽  
Novel Host ◽  
Horseshoe Bat ◽  
Human Infections

Seven zoonoses — human infections of animal origin — have emerged from the Coronaviridae family in the past century, including three viruses responsible for significant human mortality (SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2) in the past twenty years alone. These three viruses, in addition to two older CoV zoonoses (HCoV-229E and HCoV-NL63) are believed to be originally derived from wild bat reservoir species. We review the molecular biology of the bat-derived Alpha- and Betacoronavirus genera, highlighting features that contribute to their potential for cross-species emergence, including the use of well-conserved mammalian host cell machinery for cell entry and a unique capacity for adaptation to novel host environments after host switching. The adaptive capacity of coronaviruses largely results from their large genomes, which reduce the risk of deleterious mutational errors and facilitate range-expanding recombination events by offering heightened redundancy in essential genetic material. Large CoV genomes are made possible by the unique proofreading capacity encoded for their RNA-dependent polymerase. We find that bat-borne SARS-related coronaviruses in the subgenus Sarbecovirus, the source clade for SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2, present a particularly poignant pandemic threat, due to the extraordinary viral genetic diversity represented among several sympatric species of their horseshoe bat hosts. To date, Sarbecovirus surveillance has been almost entirely restricted to China. More vigorous field research efforts tracking the circulation of Sarbecoviruses specifically and Betacoronaviruses more generally is needed across a broader global range if we are to avoid future repeats of the COVID-19 pandemic.

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