Examining Preservice Teachers' Implicit Beliefs About the Math Ability of Males and Females

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
You Joung Lee ◽  
Chris Collen ◽  
Eric M. Anderman
Keyword(s):  
Preservice Teachers ◽  
Implicit Beliefs ◽  
Math Ability ◽  
Males And Females

scholarly journals Preservice Teachers' Preferred Definitions of Intelligence, and Related Demographics (Age, Gender, Educational Level, Academic Domains and educational Psychology Enrollment), as Predictors of their Implicit Beliefs of Intelligence

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Michelle Bacchiocchi
Keyword(s):  
Preservice Teachers ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Learning Styles ◽  
Educational Psychology ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Growth Mindset ◽  
Implicit Beliefs ◽  
Future Teachers ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Definition Of

Problem Just as teachers help their students bridge their prior knowledge to new understandings of ideas including conceptions of intelligence, preservice teachers as future teachers are undergoing the same training and work environment. Preservice teachers' implicit beliefs and their preferred definitions of intelligence are important, since as persons of authority they influence children and their beliefs about ability. For future teachers, there is limited empirical evidence exploring preservice teachers' implicit beliefs about intelligence and how they define intelligence. Method A survey was used to collect data on implicit beliefs about intelligence and definitions of intelligence from a sample of 262 preservice teachers from the Midwestern United States. Data was analyzed to understand the relationship between the independent variables of age, gender, educational level, academic domains, and educational psychology coursework, and the dependent variables of implicit beliefs about intelligence and preferred definitions of intelligence. Results The study showed that, in general, preservice teachers have a growth mindset regarding intelligence and ability. With non-parametric chi-square testing, the analysis demonstrated that preservice teachers have a preferred definition of intelligence and the majority preferred a definition that supports different learning styles. Using linear regression, the results indicated that preservice teacher's implicit beliefs about intelligence predicted their preferred definition of intelligence. Utilizing multiple linear regression, the study also indicated that younger teachers and females were more likely to endorse a growth mindset. Conclusions Implicit beliefs about intelligence and the preferred definitions of intelligence for preservice teachers were confirmed. With this information, preservice teachers can be better prepared to serve their future students. The conclusions collected from this study can be a stimulus for conversations among educator preparation institution faculty who are training preservice teachers and give them insights into how they can better support those preservice teachers who have fixed views of intelligence.

scholarly journals Gender issues in preservice teachers' training: ICT literacy and online learning

2006 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lina Markauskaite
Keyword(s):  
Preservice Teachers ◽  
Online Learning ◽  
Learning Activities ◽  
First Year ◽  
Ict Literacy ◽  
Trainee Teachers ◽  
Male Participation ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Teachers Training

<span>Gender differences in self reported ICT experience and ICT literacy among first year graduate trainee teachers were investigated. Using a dynamic model, three main components of aspiring teachers' ICT literacy were covered: (1) present general problem solving and technical ICT capabilities; (2) situational and longitudinal sustainability, and (3) transferability of ICT capabilities into a future professional domain. No significant differences were found between females and males for previous experience with ICT. However, males on average worked with computers significantly more hours per week than females. Significant differences between males and females were observed for technical ICT capabilities, and situational and longitudinal sustainability. Males' scores were higher. In the regression analysis, when the impacts of the background and ICT experience variables were controlled, gender failed to be a significant predictor for sustainability scores. However, it remained a significant predictor for some trainee teachers' scores, related to their technical ICT capabilities. Female and male participation in compulsory online learning activities was also compared. No significant differences were observed.</span>

Who's Afraid of Their Economics Classes? Why are Students Apprehensive about Introductory Economics Courses? An Empirical Investigation

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Ellen Benedict ◽  
John Hoag
Keyword(s):  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Teaching Methodologies ◽  
Math Ability ◽  
Alternative Teaching ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Economics Courses ◽  
Introductory Economics ◽  
Academic Year

This paper investigates why students are apprehensive about their principles of economics classes. Using data collected on 399 students from a large, midwestem public university in the 1998 academic year, the authors examine whether there are demographic differences in levels of apprehension and what are the reported reasons for apprehension. The study includes a descriptive analysis and a probit analysis and concludes that: (1) course reputation is the main reason reported by students as the reason for being apprehensive; (2) females tend to be more apprehensive than males; and (3) increased math ability reduces apprehension levels for males and females. The authors suggest that preparatory sessions for those students weak in mathematics and alternative teaching methodologies may reduce the level of apprehension in the introductory courses.

Bronchial stereocilia in the immotile cilia syndrome: A case report

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 52-53
Author(s):  
George Price ◽  
Lizardo Cerezo
Keyword(s):  
Surface Modifications ◽  
Respiratory Epithelium ◽  
Immotile Cilia ◽  
Kartagener's Syndrome ◽  
Membrane Blebs ◽  
Radial Spokes ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Dynein Arms ◽  
Ultrastructural Finding ◽  
Ultrastructural Findings

Ultrastructural defects of ciliary structure have been known to cause recurrent sino-respiratory infection concurrent with Kartagener's syndrome. (1,2,3) These defects are also known to cause infertility in both males and females. (4) Overall, the defects are defined as the Immotile, or Dyskinetic Cilia Syndrome (DCS). Several ultrastructural findings have been described, including decreased number of cilia, multidirection orientation, fused and compound cilia, membrane blebs, excess matrix in the axoneme, missing outer tubular doublets, translocated doublets, defective radial spokes and dynein arms. A rare but noteworthy ultrastructural finding in DCS is the predominance of microvilli-like structures on the luminal surface of the respiratory epithelium. (5,6) These permanent surface modifications of the apical respiratory epithelium no longer resemble cilia but reflect the ultrastructure of stereocilia, similar to that found in the epidydimal epithelium. Like microvilli, stereocilia are devoid of microtubular ultrastructure in comparison with true cilia.

The dual nature of obesity in metabolic programming: quantity versus quality of adipose tissue

2020 ◽  
Vol 134 (18) ◽  
pp. 2447-2451
Author(s):  
Anissa Viveiros ◽  
Gavin Y. Oudit
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Maternal Obesity ◽  
Metabolic Programming ◽  
Dual Nature ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Adipose Tissue Volume ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Metabolically Healthy

Abstract The global prevalence of obesity has been rising at an alarming rate, accompanied by an increase in both childhood and maternal obesity. The concept of metabolic programming is highly topical, and in this context, describes a predisposition of offspring of obese mothers to the development of obesity independent of environmental factors. Research published in this issue of Clinical Science conducted by Litzenburger and colleagues (Clin. Sci. (Lond.) (2020) 134, 921–939) have identified sex-dependent differences in metabolic programming and identify putative signaling pathways involved in the differential phenotype of adipose tissue between males and females. Delineating the distinction between metabolically healthy and unhealthy obesity is a topic of emerging interest, and the precise nature of adipocytes are key to pathogenesis, independent of adipose tissue volume.

The Hearing Aid Effect in African American and Caucasian Males as Perceived by Female Judges of the Same Race

1999 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Davis ◽  
Rhonda Jackson ◽  
Tina Smith ◽  
William Cooper
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Hearing Aids ◽  
Undergraduate Education ◽  
Hearing Aid ◽  
Semantic Differential ◽  
Semantic Differential Scale ◽  
Education Majors ◽  
Female Undergraduate ◽  
Lay Persons ◽  
Males And Females

Prior studies have proven the existence of the "hearing aid effect" when photographs of Caucasian males and females wearing a body aid, a post-auricular aid (behind-the-ear), or no hearing aid were judged by lay persons and professionals. This study was performed to determine if African American and Caucasian males, judged by female members of their own race, were likely to be judged in a similar manner on the basis of appearance, personality, assertiveness, and achievement. Sixty female undergraduate education majors (30 African American; 30 Caucasian) used a semantic differential scale to rate slides of preteen African American and Caucasian males, with and without hearing aids. The results of this study showed that female African American and Caucasian judges rated males of their respective races differently. The hearing aid effect was predominant among the Caucasian judges across the dimensions of appearance, personality, assertiveness, and achievement. In contrast, the African American judges only exhibited a hearing aid effect on the appearance dimension.

An Adapted Measure of Teacher Self-Efficacy for Preservice Teachers: Exploring its Validity Across two Countries

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 83-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franziska Pfitzner-Eden ◽  
Felicitas Thiel ◽  
Jenny Horsley
Keyword(s):  
Preservice Teachers ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Multiple Group ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Teacher Self Efficacy ◽  
Dimensional Assessment ◽  
Metric Measurement

Teacher self-efficacy (TSE) is an important construct in the prediction of positive student and teacher outcomes. However, problems with its measurement have persisted, often through confounding TSE with other constructs. This research introduces an adapted TSE instrument for preservice teachers, which is closely aligned with self-efficacy experts' recommendations for measuring self-efficacy, and based on a widely used measure of TSE. We provide first evidence of construct validity for this instrument. Participants were 851 preservice teachers in three samples from Germany and New Zealand. Results of the multiple-group confirmatory factor analyses showed a uniform 3-factor solution for all samples, metric measurement invariance, and a consistent and moderate correlation between TSE and a measure of general self-efficacy across all samples. Despite limitations to this study, there is some first evidence that this measure allows for a valid 3-dimensional assessment of TSE in preservice teachers.

Seasonal Variation of Suicide in the City of São Paulo, Brazil, 1996–2010

Crisis ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Hideki Bando ◽  
Fernando Madalena Volpe
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Seasonal Patterns ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Health Statistics ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
June July ◽  
The City ◽  
Over Time

Background: In light of the few reports from intertropical latitudes and their conflicting results, we aimed to replicate and update the investigation of seasonal patterns of suicide occurrences in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. Methods: Data relating to male and female suicides were extracted from the Mortality Information Enhancement Program (PRO-AIM), the official health statistics of the municipality of São Paulo. Seasonality was assessed by studying distribution of suicides over time using cosinor analyses. Results: There were 6,916 registered suicides (76.7% men), with an average of 39.0 ± 7.0 observed suicides per month. For the total sample and for both sexes, cosinor analysis estimated a significant seasonal pattern. For the total sample and for males suicide peaked in November (late spring) with a trough in May–June (late autumn). For females, the estimated peak occurred in January, and the trough in June–July. Conclusions: A seasonal pattern of suicides was found for both males and females, peaking in spring/summer and dipping in fall/winter. The scarcity of reports from intertropical latitudes warrants promoting more studies in this area.

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