scholarly journals The role of exosomal lncRNAs in cancer biology and clinical management

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wuwen Zhang ◽  
Qinshi Wang ◽  
Yi Yang ◽  
Siyuan Zhou ◽  
Ping Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Management ◽  
Cancer Biology ◽  
Cell Communication ◽  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Cancer Development ◽  
Cancer Cell Proliferation ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Multiple Processes

AbstractExosomes play a vital role in cell–cell communication within the cancer microenvironment. Exosomal long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are important regulators in cancer development and are involved in multiple processes, including cancer cell proliferation, angiogenesis, metastasis, drug resistance, and immunomodulation. Changes in the levels of exosomal lncRNAs often appear with the occurrence and development of cancer. Therefore, exosomal lncRNAs can be used as biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Exosomal lncRNAs can also indicate the treatment response of patients receiving chemotherapy. Moreover, exosomal lncRNAs are potential therapeutic targets for cancer treatment. In this review, we summarize the role of exosomal lncRNAs in cancer biology as well as in clinical management. A more comprehensive and in-depth understanding of the role of exosomal lncRNAs in cancer may help us better understand the mechanism of cancer development and clinically manage cancer patients.

scholarly journals Oncogenic Role of Exosomal Circular and Long Noncoding RNAs in Gastrointestinal Cancers

2022 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 930
Author(s):  
Ba Da Yun ◽  
Ye Ji Choi ◽  
Seung Wan Son ◽  
Gabriel Adelman Cipolla ◽  
Fernanda Costa Brandão Berti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial To Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Cell Communication ◽  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Long Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Gastrointestinal Cancers ◽  
Gastrointestinal Malignancies ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Novel Therapeutic Strategies

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are differentially expressed in gastrointestinal cancers. These noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) regulate a variety of cellular activities by physically interacting with microRNAs and proteins and altering their activity. It has also been suggested that exosomes encapsulate circRNAs and lncRNAs in cancer cells. Exosomes are then discharged into the extracellular environment, where they are taken up by other cells. As a result, exosomal ncRNA cargo is critical for cell–cell communication within the cancer microenvironment. Exosomal ncRNAs can regulate a range of events, such as angiogenesis, metastasis, immune evasion, drug resistance, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. To set the groundwork for developing novel therapeutic strategies against gastrointestinal malignancies, a thorough understanding of circRNAs and lncRNAs is required. In this review, we discuss the function and intrinsic features of oncogenic circRNAs and lncRNAs that are enriched within exosomes.

Identification of critical genes and pathways involved in intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) An integrated bioinformatics analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingyang Zhou ◽  
Feng Xin ◽  
Chuyu Xiao ◽  
Wuyuan Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Daily Life ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Ppi Network ◽  
Hub Genes ◽  
Protein Protein Interaction ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Validation Experiment ◽  
The One

Abstract Background: In western countries and China, back and neck pain has become a common problem that bothers daily life and severely influences the quality of our daily life. Among all factors that lead to chronic neck and back pain, IDD is the one that couldn’t be easily neglected. Methods: This study aims to figure out the critical genes and pathways involved in the development of IDD and provide a new aspect of following investigations on the etiology of IDD. We firstly systemically searched the GEO database and identified the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from the expression profile dataset we selected. We secondly constructed the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network for DEGs, identified the top ten hub genes from the whole PPI network and found two statically and medically significant modules from the network, we then performed the GO and KEGG analysis on the DEGs, top ten hub genes, the PPI network and the two statically and medically modules. In the end, we provided the primers of the mRNAs of all DEGs, which will be useful for the validation experiment of this study. Results: FN1, MMP2, POSTN, COL3A1, TIMP3, FBN1, GJA1, TGFBI, EFEMP1 and ID1 were top ten hub genes identified from this study, and they may play a vital role in the development of IDD. Angiogenesis and integrin binging are crucial biological process and molecular function defined in this study, which are worthy of being intensely investigated.Conclusion: More studies on the top ten hub genes, the role of angiogenesis and integrin binding in IDD are urgently needed, which will benefit the prevention, screening, diagnosis and prognosis of IDD.

scholarly journals Long Noncoding RNA and Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition in Cancer

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 1924 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gugnoni ◽  
Ciarrocchi
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Biology ◽  
Noncoding Rna ◽  
Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Protein Localization ◽  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Therapeutic Targets ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Multistep Process ◽  
Genomic Studies

Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a multistep process that allows epithelial cells to acquire mesenchymal properties. Fundamental in the early stages of embryonic development, this process is aberrantly activated in aggressive cancerous cells to gain motility and invasion capacity, thus promoting metastatic phenotypes. For this reason, EMT is a central topic in cancer research and its regulation by a plethora of mechanisms has been reported. Recently, genomic sequencing and functional genomic studies deepened our knowledge on the fundamental regulatory role of noncoding DNA. A large part of the genome is transcribed in an impressive number of noncoding RNAs. Among these, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been reported to control several biological processes affecting gene expression at multiple levels from transcription to protein localization and stability. Up to now, more than 8000 lncRNAs were discovered as selectively expressed in cancer cells. Their elevated number and high expression specificity candidate these molecules as a valuable source of biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets. Rising evidence currently highlights a relevant function of lncRNAs on EMT regulation defining a new layer of involvement of these molecules in cancer biology. In this review we aim to summarize the findings on the role of lncRNAs on EMT regulation and to discuss their prospective potential value as biomarkers and therapeutic targets in cancer.

scholarly journals LncRNA PAPAS may promote triple-negative breast cancer by downregulating miR-34a

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (8) ◽  
pp. 3709-3718 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Kong ◽  
Cuizhi Geng ◽  
Qian Dong
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Triple Negative Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Biology ◽  
Triple Negative ◽  
Migration And Invasion ◽  
Cancer Cell Proliferation ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Plasma Samples

Objective To investigate the role of promoter and pre-rRNA antisense (PAPAS) long noncoding (Lnc) RNA in cancer biology. Methods Tumour and tumour-adjacent healthy tissue biopsies from patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), and plasma samples from these patients plus healthy controls, were assessed for PAPAS and microRNA (miR)-34a. Effects of PAPAS and miR-34a overexpression were also investigated in vitro. Results PAPAS was upregulated in tumour tissues of patients with TNBC versus tumour-adjacent healthy tissues. Plasma PAPAS levels were also upregulated in patients with TNBC versus healthy controls. Levels of PAPAS in tumour tissue was significantly positively correlated with PAPAS levels in plasma from patients with TNBC. MiR-34a was downregulated in tumour tissues versus adjacent healthy tissues, and was significantly correlated with PAPAS in tumour tissues. PAPAS overexpression in vitro was associated with miR-34a inhibition, while miR-34a failed to significantly affect PAPAS levels. PAPAS overexpression promoted in vitro migration and invasion of TNBC cells, while miR-34a overexpression was inhibitory. MiR-34a overexpression decreased the enhanced cell migration and invasion associated with PAPAS overexpression. PAPAS overexpression showed no significant effects on cancer-cell proliferation. Conclusion LncRNA PAPAS may promote TNBC by downregulating miR-34a.

scholarly journals M2 macrophage microvesicle-inspired nanovehicles improve accessibility to cancer cells and cancer stem cells in tumors

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuqi Wang ◽  
Xiang Gong ◽  
Jie Li ◽  
Hong Wang ◽  
Xiaoxuan Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cancer Stem Cells ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Cell Communication ◽  
Tumor Model ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
M2 Macrophage ◽  
Tumor Tissues ◽  
Effective Cancer Therapy

AbstractCancer cells and cancer stem cells (CSCs) are the major players of cancer malignancy and metastasis, but they are extremely difficult to access. Inspired by the vital role of macrophages and microvesicle-mediated cell–cell communication in tumors, we herein designed M2 macrophage microvesicle-inspired nanovehicle of cabazitaxel (M-CFN) to promote accessibility to cancer cells and CSCs in tumors. In the 4T1 tumor model, M-CFN flexibly permeated the tumor mass, accessed cancer cells and CD90-positive cells, and significantly promoted their entry into CSC fractions in tumors. Moreover, M-CFN treatment profoundly eliminated aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH)-expressing CSCs in 4T1 and MCF-7 tumors, produced notable depression of tumor growth and caused 93.86% suppression of lung metastasis in 4T1 models. Therefore, the M2 macrophage microvesicle-inspired nanovehicle provides an encouraging strategy to penetrate the tumor tissues and access these insult cells in tumors for effective cancer therapy. Graphical Abstract

scholarly journals MicroRNA Role in Thyroid Cancer Development

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Marini ◽  
Ettore Luzi ◽  
Maria Luisa Brandi
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Messenger Rna ◽  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Protein Translation ◽  
Cancer Development ◽  
Regulate Gene Expression ◽  
Rna Targets ◽  
Mirna Deregulation ◽  
Cell Maintenance

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous noncoding RNAs that negatively regulate gene expression by binding the 3′noncoding region of the messenger RNA targets inducing their cleavage or blocking the protein translation. They play important roles in multiple biological and metabolic processes, including developmental timing, signal transduction, and cell maintenance and differentiation. Their deregulation can predispose to diseases and cancer. miRNA expression has been demonstrated to be deregulated in many types of human tumors, including thyroid cancers, and could be responsible for tumor initiation and progression. In this paper we reviewed the available data on miRNA deregulation in different thyroid tumors and describe the putative role of miRNA in thyroid cancer development.

scholarly journals MicroRNAs as emerging diagnostic and prognostic marker in cancer biology and therapy

JMS SKIMS ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-58
Author(s):  
Asif Khurshid Qazi ◽  
Fizalah Kawoosa ◽  
Zafar Amin Shah
Keyword(s):  
Drug Therapy ◽  
Cancer Biology ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Therapy Efficacy ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Important Field

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) contribute to cellular homeostasis and differentiation in many ways, and therefore play an important role in many pathophysiological events. The knowledge of small non-coding RNAmolecules has developed our understanding towards basic processes of cancer biology and the molecular mechanisms underlying tumor initiation and progression. MiRNA research field has grown to be more and more attractive as evidence is emerging that miRNAs possibly play vital regulatory roles in all fundamental biological processes. Notably, as research continues to reveal the mechanisms underlying cancer therapy efficacy, it is apparent that miRNAs contribute to responses to drug therapy and are themselves modified by drug therapy. One important field for miRNA research is to identify functions of miRNAs and the associated signaling pathways in the initiation, progression, metastasis and drug-resistance of tumors in order to propose novel, efficient target based therapeutics that directly target pathologically essential miRNAs and their allied target genes. Currently, miRNA signatures have increasing importance and use in the diagnosis and prognosis of various types of cancers. In this review, we have highlighted the role of various miRNAs in various cancers and other disease so that future of miRNAresearch will provide more interesting outcomes in terms of therapy and cure. JMS 2016; 19(2):47-58

scholarly journals Diagnostic and Prognostic Value of Long Noncoding RNAs as Potential Novel Biomarkers in Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Shaohan Zou ◽  
Shaojie Zhao ◽  
Jing Wang ◽  
Ruirui Dong ◽  
Ping Zou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intrahepatic Cholestasis ◽  
Prognostic Value ◽  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Long Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Intrahepatic Cholestasis Of Pregnancy ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Microarray Screening ◽  
Cholestasis Of Pregnancy ◽  
Diagnostic And Prognostic Value

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a class of important regulators participating in various pathological processes. Until now, the role of lncRNAs in the occurrence and development of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) has rarely been investigated. The data from microarray screening revealed 58 upregulated and 85 downregulated lncRNAs and 47 upregulated and 71 downregulated mRNAs in ICP patients compared to healthy controls. Bioinformatics analysis revealed biological processes focused on lipid metabolism, apoptosis, cell cycle, cell differentiation, and oxidative stress. Furthermore, the expressions of three lncRNAs (ENST00000505175.1, ASO3480, and ENST00000449605.1) chosen for verification were significantly decreased and showed the diagnostic and prognostic value for ICP based on ROC analysis. This is the first study to report the specific role of lncRNAs in ICP, which may be helpful for the diagnosis and prognosis of ICP clinically.

scholarly journals Molecular insights and clinical impacts of extracellular vesicles in cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (15) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kittinun Leetanaporn ◽  
Jitti Hanprasertpong ◽  
Raphatphorn Navakanitworakul
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Cancer Biology ◽  
Cell Communication ◽  
Research Direction ◽  
Cancer Development ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Membrane Bound ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Intercellular Communications

Cell-to-cell communication is a pivotal aspect of cancer biology. Recently, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been shown to play essential roles in intercellular communications between cancer cells and the surrounding microenvironment owing to cancer development. EVs are small membrane-bound vesicles secreted by various cells containing proteins, lipids, mRNAs, and non-coding RNAs (microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs), which contribute to cancer cell development and progression. Here, we provide an overview of current research direction on EVs, especially biomolecules in EVs, and also point out the novel diagnostics, monitoring, predicting, and therapeutic aspects using EVs against cancer.

scholarly journals Role of Exosomal Noncoding RNAs in Lung Carcinogenesis

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Sun ◽  
Bill Kalionis ◽  
Guoying Lv ◽  
Shijin Xia ◽  
Wen Gao
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Tumor Growth ◽  
Cancer Biology ◽  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Membrane Vesicles ◽  
Body Fluids ◽  
Cancer Death ◽  
Lung Carcinogenesis ◽  
Tumor Growth And Metastasis

Lung cancer is the major cause of cancer death worldwide. Novel, recently discovered classes of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) have diverse functional and regulatory activities and increasing evidence suggests crucial roles for deregulated ncRNAs in the onset and progression of cancer, including lung cancer. Exosomes are small extracellular membrane vesicles of endocytic origin that are released by many cells and are found in most body fluids. Tumor-derived exosomes mediate tumorigenesis by facilitating tumor growth and metastasis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a subclass of ncRNAs that are present in exosomes. miRNAs are taken up by neighboring or distant cells and modulate various functions of recipient cells. Here, we review exosome-derived ncRNAs with a focus on miRNAs and their role in lung cancer biology.

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