scholarly journals MicroRNA Role in Thyroid Cancer Development

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Marini ◽  
Ettore Luzi ◽  
Maria Luisa Brandi
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Messenger Rna ◽  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Protein Translation ◽  
Cancer Development ◽  
Regulate Gene Expression ◽  
Rna Targets ◽  
Mirna Deregulation ◽  
Cell Maintenance

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous noncoding RNAs that negatively regulate gene expression by binding the 3′noncoding region of the messenger RNA targets inducing their cleavage or blocking the protein translation. They play important roles in multiple biological and metabolic processes, including developmental timing, signal transduction, and cell maintenance and differentiation. Their deregulation can predispose to diseases and cancer. miRNA expression has been demonstrated to be deregulated in many types of human tumors, including thyroid cancers, and could be responsible for tumor initiation and progression. In this paper we reviewed the available data on miRNA deregulation in different thyroid tumors and describe the putative role of miRNA in thyroid cancer development.

scholarly journals The role of exosomal lncRNAs in cancer biology and clinical management

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wuwen Zhang ◽  
Qinshi Wang ◽  
Yi Yang ◽  
Siyuan Zhou ◽  
Ping Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Management ◽  
Cancer Biology ◽  
Cell Communication ◽  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Cancer Development ◽  
Cancer Cell Proliferation ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Multiple Processes

AbstractExosomes play a vital role in cell–cell communication within the cancer microenvironment. Exosomal long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are important regulators in cancer development and are involved in multiple processes, including cancer cell proliferation, angiogenesis, metastasis, drug resistance, and immunomodulation. Changes in the levels of exosomal lncRNAs often appear with the occurrence and development of cancer. Therefore, exosomal lncRNAs can be used as biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Exosomal lncRNAs can also indicate the treatment response of patients receiving chemotherapy. Moreover, exosomal lncRNAs are potential therapeutic targets for cancer treatment. In this review, we summarize the role of exosomal lncRNAs in cancer biology as well as in clinical management. A more comprehensive and in-depth understanding of the role of exosomal lncRNAs in cancer may help us better understand the mechanism of cancer development and clinically manage cancer patients.

scholarly journals The role of circRNAs in cancers

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling-Ping Zhu ◽  
Yun-Jie He ◽  
Jun-Chen Hou ◽  
Xiu Chen ◽  
Si-Ying Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Rna Binding ◽  
Rna Binding Protein ◽  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Regulate Gene Expression ◽  
Therapeutic Evaluation ◽  
Regulate Gene

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are recently regarded as a naturally forming family of widespread and diverse endogenous noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) that may regulate gene expression in mammals. At present, above 30000 circRNAs have already been found, with their unique structures to maintain stability more easily than linear RNAs. Several previous literatures stressed on the important role of circRNAs, whose expression was relatively correlated with patients’ clinical characteristics and grade, in the carcinogenesis of cancer. CircRNAs are involved in many regulatory bioprocesses of malignance, including cell cycle, tumorigenesis, invasion, metastasis, apoptosis, vascularization, through adsorbing RNA as a sponge, binding to RNA-binding protein (RBP), modulating transcription, or influencing translation. Therefore, it is inevitable to further study the interactions between circRNAs and tumors and to develop novel circRNAs as molecular markers or potential targets, which will provide promising applications in early diagnosis, therapeutic evaluation, prognosis prediction of tumors and even gene therapy for tumors.

MicroRNAs in Benign and Malignant Hematopoiesis

2010 ◽  
Vol 134 (9) ◽  
pp. 1276-1281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharathkumar Bhagavathi ◽  
Magdalena Czader
Keyword(s):  
Significant Role ◽  
Messenger Rna ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Hematologic Malignancies ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Multipotent Progenitors ◽  
Individual Mirnas ◽  
Translational Level

Abstract MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a family of 19- to 24-nucleotide noncoding RNAs that regulate messenger RNA function at the posttranscriptional and translational level. Recent literature demonstrates a significant role of miRNAs in normal and malignant hematopoiesis. Specific miRNAs have been shown to regulate each step of hematopoiesis starting at the level of multipotent progenitors through terminal stages of myeloid and lymphoid differentiation. Similarly, individual miRNAs and miRNA signatures have been associated with specific hematologic malignancies. There is accumulating evidence that miRNAs can be used for diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic purposes. This review highlights the current status of knowledge on miRNA in normal and malignant hematopoiesis.

scholarly journals The Role of LncRNAs in Translation

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Didem Karakas ◽  
Bulent Ozpolat
Keyword(s):  
Transcriptional Activation ◽  
Chromatin Modification ◽  
Protein Translation ◽  
Cellular Functions ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Regulate Gene Expression ◽  
Translational Machinery ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Non Coding Rnas

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), a group of non-protein coding RNAs with lengths of more than 200 nucleotides, exert their effects by binding to DNA, mRNA, microRNA, and proteins and regulate gene expression at the transcriptional, post-transcriptional, translational, and post-translational levels. Depending on cellular location, lncRNAs are involved in a wide range of cellular functions, including chromatin modification, transcriptional activation, transcriptional interference, scaffolding and regulation of translational machinery. This review highlights recent studies on lncRNAs in the regulation of protein translation by modulating the translational factors (i.e, eIF4E, eIF4G, eIF4A, 4E-BP1, eEF5A) and signaling pathways involved in this process as wells as their potential roles as tumor suppressors or tumor promoters.

scholarly journals The Complex Network between MYC Oncogene and microRNAs in Gastric Cancer: An Overview

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 1782 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Carolina Anauate ◽  
Mariana Ferreira Leal ◽  
Danielle Queiroz Calcagno ◽  
Carolina Oliveira Gigek ◽  
Bruno Takao Real Karia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Complex Network ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Protein Translation ◽  
Cancer Development ◽  
Cancer Treatments ◽  
Myc Oncogene

Despite the advancements in cancer treatments, gastric cancer is still one of the leading causes of death worldwide. In this context, it is of great interest to discover new and more effective ways of treating this disease. Accumulated evidences have demonstrated the amplification of 8q24.21 region in gastric tumors. Furthermore, this is the region where the widely known MYC oncogene and different microRNAs are located. MYC deregulation is key in tumorigenesis in various types of tissues, once it is associated with cell proliferation, survival, and drug resistance. microRNAs are a class of noncoding RNAs that negatively regulate the protein translation, and which deregulation is related with gastric cancer development. However, little is understood about the interactions between microRNAs and MYC. Here, we overview the MYC role and its relationship with the microRNAs network in gastric cancer aiming to identify potential targets useful to be used in clinic, not only as biomarkers, but also as molecules for development of promising therapies.

scholarly journals Could MicroRNAs be Regulators of Gout Pathogenesis?

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 2085-2092 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yangang Wang ◽  
Donghua Xu ◽  
Bin Wang ◽  
Xu Hou
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Arthritis ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Gouty Arthritis ◽  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Monosodium Urate ◽  
Regulate Gene Expression ◽  
Acute Gouty Arthritis ◽  
Monosodium Urate Crystals ◽  
Urate Crystals

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of noncoding RNAs that mainly negatively regulate gene expression. miRNAs have important roles in many diseases, including inflammatory diseases. Gout is a common arthritis caused by deposition of monosodium urate crystals within joints. Recent studies suggested that miRNAs may be involved in the development of inflammatory arthritis, including acute gouty arthritis. In the present review, we systemically discuss relevant publications in order to provide a better understanding on the possible role of miRNAs in gout. miRNAs may act as regulators of gout pathogenesis via several pathways. Targeting miRNAs may be a promisingstrategy in the treatment of gout.

scholarly journals The functional role of exosome microRNAs in lung cancer

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 223-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia Li ◽  
Wenhuan Gong ◽  
Wenfang Zhu ◽  
Xinyu Shao ◽  
Chunxia Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Cell Communication ◽  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Cancer Disease ◽  
Regulate Gene Expression ◽  
Small Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
The Status

AbstractLung cancer causes the highest incidence and mortality rates of cancer disease worldwide. Despite obvious advances in lung cancer research, a better understanding of the disease is urgently needed to improve early detection and correct diagnoses. Exosomes are released from cancer cells and modulate cell-cell communication. Exosomes transfer a wide variety of molecules including microRNAs. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are single-stranded, small noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression. Accumulating evidence indicates that miRNA expression patterns represent the status of physiology and disease. The focus of this review is to provide an update on the progress of miRNAs of cancer-derived exosome as potential biomarkers for lung cancer.

scholarly journals Mechanism of Positive Regulation by DsrA and RprA Small Noncoding RNAs: Pairing Increases Translation and Protects rpoS mRNA from Degradation

2010 ◽  
Vol 192 (21) ◽  
pp. 5559-5571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colleen A. McCullen ◽  
Jihane N. Benhammou ◽  
Nadim Majdalani ◽  
Susan Gottesman
Keyword(s):  
Mutant Strain ◽  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Rnase E ◽  
Base Pairing ◽  
Rnase Iii ◽  
Regulate Gene Expression ◽  
Small Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Rpos Mrna

ABSTRACT Small noncoding RNAs (sRNAs) regulate gene expression in Escherichia coli by base pairing with mRNAs and modulating translation and mRNA stability. The sRNAs DsrA and RprA stimulate the translation of the stress response transcription factor RpoS by base pairing with the 5′ untranslated region of the rpoS mRNA. In the present study, we found that the rpoS mRNA was unstable in the absence of DsrA and RprA and that expression of these sRNAs increased both the accumulation and the half-life of the rpoS mRNA. Mutations in dsrA, rprA, or rpoS that disrupt the predicted pairing sequences and reduce translation of RpoS also destabilize the rpoS mRNA. We found that the rpoS mRNA accumulates in an RNase E mutant strain in the absence of sRNA expression and, therefore, is degraded by an RNase E-mediated mechanism. DsrA expression is required, however, for maximal translation even when rpoS mRNA is abundant. This suggests that DsrA protects rpoS mRNA from degradation by RNase E and that DsrA has a further activity in stimulating RpoS protein synthesis. rpoS mRNA is subject to degradation by an additional pathway, mediated by RNase III, which, in contrast to the RNase E-mediated pathway, occurs in the presence and absence of DsrA or RprA. rpoS mRNA and RpoS protein levels are increased in an RNase III mutant strain with or without the sRNAs, suggesting that the role of RNase III in this context is to reduce the translation of RpoS even when the sRNAs are acting to stimulate translation.

scholarly journals An Animal Model Further Uncovers the Role of Mutant Braf during Papillary Thyroid Cancer Development

2020 ◽  
Vol 190 (3) ◽  
pp. 702-710
Author(s):  
Bernd Koelsch ◽  
Sarah Theurer ◽  
Magdalena Staniszewska ◽  
Jacqueline Heupel ◽  
Amelie Koch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Papillary Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Cancer Development ◽  
Papillary Thyroid ◽  
Mutant Braf

scholarly journals Enhancer RNAs: Insights Into Their Biological Role

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 251686571984609 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josué Cortés-Fernández de Lara ◽  
Rodrigo G Arzate-Mejía ◽  
Félix Recillas-Targa
Keyword(s):  
Functional Role ◽  
Transcriptional Activity ◽  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Chromatin Accessibility ◽  
Regulatory Proteins ◽  
Enhancer Activity ◽  
Regulate Gene Expression ◽  
Experimental Approaches ◽  
Pervasive Transcription

Enhancers play a central role in the transcriptional regulation of metazoans. Almost a decade ago, the discovery of their pervasive transcription into noncoding RNAs, termed enhancer RNAs (eRNAs), opened a whole new field of study. The presence of eRNAs correlates with enhancer activity; however, whether they act as functional molecules remains controversial. Here we review direct experimental evidence supporting a functional role of eRNAs in transcription and provide a general pipeline that could help in the design of experimental approaches to investigate the function of eRNAs. We propose that induction of transcriptional activity at enhancers promotes an increase in its activity by an RNA-mediated titration of regulatory proteins that can impact different processes like chromatin accessibility or chromatin looping. In a few cases, transcripts originating from enhancers have acquired specific molecular functions to regulate gene expression. We speculate that these transcripts are either nonannotated long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) or are evolving toward functional lncRNAs. Further work will be needed to comprehend better the biological activity of these transcripts.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document