scholarly journals Dairy intake during adolescence and risk of colorectal adenoma later in life

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharina Nimptsch ◽  
Dong Hoon Lee ◽  
Xuehong Zhang ◽  
Mingyang Song ◽  
Maryam S. Farvid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Colorectal Adenoma ◽  
Colorectal Adenomas ◽  
Colorectal Carcinogenesis ◽  
Advanced Adenoma ◽  
Anatomical Site ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Dairy Intake ◽  
Dairy Consumption ◽  
Adenoma Risk

Abstract Background Higher dairy intake during adulthood has been associated with lower colorectal cancer risk. As colorectal carcinogenesis spans several decades, we hypothesised that higher dairy intake during adolescence is associated with lower risk of colorectal adenoma, a colorectal cancer precursor. Methods In 27,196 females from the Nurses’ Health Study 2, aged 25–42 years at recruitment (1989), who had completed a validated high school diet questionnaire in 1998 and undergone at least one lower bowel endoscopy between 1998 and 2011, logistic regression for clustered data was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results Colorectal adenomas were diagnosed in 2239 women. Dairy consumption during adolescence was not associated with colorectal adenoma risk (OR highest vs. lowest [≥4 vs. ≤1.42 servings/day] quintile [95% CI] 0.94 [0.80, 1.11]). By anatomical site, higher adolescent dairy intake was associated with lower rectal (0.63 [0.42, 0.95]), but not proximal (1.01 [0.80, 1.28]) or distal (0.97 [0.76, 1.24]) colon adenoma risk. An inverse association was observed with histologically advanced (0.72 [0.51, 1.00]) but not non-advanced (1.07 [0.86, 1.33]) adenoma. Conclusions In this large cohort of younger women, higher adolescent dairy intake was associated with lower rectal and advanced adenoma risk later in life.

scholarly journals Fecal Metabolomic Signatures in Colorectal Adenoma Patients Are Associated with Gut Microbiota and Early Events of Colorectal Cancer Pathogenesis

mBio ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Minsuk Kim ◽  
Emily Vogtmann ◽  
David A. Ahlquist ◽  
Mary E. Devens ◽  
John B. Kisiel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Colorectal Adenoma ◽  
Precancerous Lesions ◽  
Colorectal Adenomas ◽  
Advanced Adenoma ◽  
Bioactive Lipids ◽  
Gut Microbes ◽  
Cancer Pathogenesis ◽  
Composition Profiles

ABSTRACT Colorectal adenomas are precancerous lesions of colorectal cancer (CRC) that offer a means of viewing the events key to early CRC development. A number of studies have investigated the changes and roles of gut microbiota in adenoma and carcinoma development, highlighting its impact on carcinogenesis. However, there has been less of a focus on the gut metabolome, which mediates interactions between the host and gut microbes. Here, we investigated metabolomic profiles of stool samples from patients with advanced adenoma (n = 102), matched controls (n = 102), and patients with CRC (n = 36). We found that several classes of bioactive lipids, including polyunsaturated fatty acids, secondary bile acids, and sphingolipids, were elevated in the adenoma patients compared to the controls. Most such metabolites showed directionally consistent changes in the CRC patients, suggesting that those changes may represent early events of carcinogenesis. We also examined gut microbiome-metabolome associations using gut microbiota profiles in these patients. We found remarkably strong overall associations between the microbiome and metabolome data and catalogued a list of robustly correlated pairs of bacterial taxa and metabolomic features which included signatures of adenoma. Our findings highlight the importance of gut metabolites, and potentially their interplay with gut microbes, in the early events of CRC pathogenesis. IMPORTANCE Colorectal adenomas are precursors of CRC. Recently, the gut microbiota, i.e., the collection of microbes residing in our gut, has been recognized as a key player in CRC development. There have been a number of gut microbiota profiling studies for colorectal adenoma and CRC; however, fewer studies have considered the gut metabolome, which serves as the chemical interface between the host and gut microbiota. Here, we conducted a gut metabolome profiling study of colorectal adenoma and CRC and analyzed the metabolomic profiles together with paired microbiota composition profiles. We found several chemical signatures of colorectal adenoma that were associated with some gut microbes and potentially indicative of future CRC. This study highlights potential early-driver metabolites in CRC pathogenesis and guides further targeted experiments and thus provides an important stepping stone toward developing better CRC prevention strategies.

Meat and fish consumption and risk of colorectal adenomas in Korea.

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (4_suppl) ◽  
pp. 559-559
Author(s):  
Sun Young Yang ◽  
Eun Young Doo ◽  
Young Sun Kim ◽  
Jung Eun Lee ◽  
Jiyoung Youn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Colorectal Adenoma ◽  
Red Meat ◽  
Fish Intake ◽  
Colorectal Adenomas ◽  
Advanced Adenoma ◽  
Processed Meat ◽  
Meat Intake ◽  
High Fish

559 Background: Consumption of red meat and alcohol are known risk factors for colorectal cancer. Colorectal adenomas are considered precursors to colorectal cancer through adenoma-carcinoma sequence. The identification of modifiable risk factors for colorectal adenoma contributes to prevent colorectal cancer from progressing. Many studies have suggested that high red meat or processed meat intake is associated with an increased risk of colorectal adenoma. However, the effect of high fish intake on colorectal adenoma has been insufficient in epidemiological studies. The aim of this study is examine the relationship between meat and fish intake and the risk of colorectal adenoma. Methods: The study enrolled participants who visited Seoul National University Hospital Healthcare System Gangnam Center from May to December, 2011. All participants underwent screening colonoscopy and completed validated food frequency questionnaire. The study sample included 414 adenoma patients, 142 advanced adenoma patients and 1160 polyp-free controls. We calculated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for associations between meat and fish and colorectal adenoma using multivariate logistic regression. Results: The intake of total meat, red meat, poultry or processed meat showed no clear association with risk of colorectal adenoma or advanced adenoma. A significant negative association between fish intake and risk of advanced adenoma (OR = 0.51, 95% CI = 0.27 – 0.95, p for trend = 0.0281) after adjusting for confounders such as age, BMI, family history of colorectal cancer, alcohol consumption, smoking status, diabetes, total energy intake, fiber, vegetable/fruit and red meat intake. Conclusions: In conclusion, this study showed no clear relationship between the incidence of colorectal adenoma/advanced adenoma and meat intake. Although, high fish intake and incidence of advanced adenoma showed a significant inverse association in Korean.

scholarly journals Immunohistochemical expression of β-catenin, Ki67, CD3 and CD18 in canine colorectal adenomas and adenocarcinomas

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristin M. V. Herstad ◽  
Gjermund Gunnes ◽  
Runa Rørtveit ◽  
Øyvor Kolbjørnsen ◽  
Linh Tran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Colorectal Adenomas ◽  
Colorectal Carcinogenesis ◽  
Positive Staining ◽  
Colonic Tissue ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Colonic Cells ◽  
Control Samples

Abstract Background Inflammation is believed to influence human colorectal carcinogenesis and may have an impact on prognosis and survival. The mucosal immunophenotype in dogs with colorectal cancer is poorly described. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the density, distribution and grade of tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIIs) are different in normal colonic tissue vs benign stages (adenomas) and malignant stages (adenocarcinomas) of canine colorectal carcinogenesis, and thus, whether they can be considered as prognostic factors in dogs. This retrospective case-control study was performed on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue samples from dogs with histologically confirmed colorectal adenoma (n = 18) and adenocarcinoma (n = 13) collected from archived samples. The samples had been collected by colonoscopy, surgery or during postmortem examination. Healthy colonic tissue obtained post mortem from dogs euthanized for reasons not involving the gastrointestinal tract served as control tissue (n = 9). Results The tumor samples had significantly lower numbers of CD3+ T-cells in the epithelium compared to controls (adenocarcinoma vs control, Kruskal-Wallis test, p = 0.0004, and adenoma vs control, p = 0.002). Adenomas had a significantly lower number of CD18+ cells in the lamina propria, compared to control samples (Kruskal-Wallis test, p = 0.008). Colonic samples from control dogs had uniform staining of β-catenin along the cell membrane of epithelial cells. Compared to normal colonic cells, the expression levels of cytoplasmic β-catenin were significantly higher in adenomas and adenocarcinomas (adenoma vs control Kruskal-Wallis test, p = 0.004, and adenocarcinoma vs control, p = 0.002). None of the control samples showed positive staining of β-catenin in the nucleus of colonic cells. In contrast, adenocarcinomas and adenomas showed moderate to strong staining of the cell nucleus. The nuclear β-catenin expression (signal strength and distribution) was significantly higher in adenomas compared to adenocarcinomas (Kruskal-Wallis test, p < 0.05). Conclusions β-catenin and Ki67 were not useful markers for demonstrating tumor progression from adenomas to adenocarcinomas. The lower presence of CD18 and CD3+ cells in colorectal tumors compared to controls indicates a reduced presence of histiocytes and T-cells, which may have implications for the pathogenesis and progression of colorectal cancer in dogs.

scholarly journals Role of Vitamin D in Preventing Colorectal Carcinogenesis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 123-133
Author(s):  
Fauzan Herdian ◽  
Fahmi Radityamurti ◽  
Tiara Bunga Mayang Permata ◽  
Handoko Handoko ◽  
Henry Kodrat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Gene Transcription ◽  
Colorectal Adenoma ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Colorectal Carcinogenesis ◽  
Signalling Pathways ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Metastatic Progression ◽  
Vitamin D Levels

Introduction: Colorectal carcinoma is one of the cancers with a high disease burden globally. Previous observational studies have found a connection between colorectal cancer incidence with sunlight exposure and vitamin D levels. Subsequent studies investigated this relationship further and found various anti-tumoral pathways regulated by vitamin D in colorectal tissue. This paper aims to elucidate the actions of those pathways in preventing the malignant transformation of the colorectal cell by reviewing relevant literature. Methods: A search was conducted on several medical literature electronic databases for original research studying the effects of vitamin D treatment on colorectal adenoma and colorectal cancer and its underlying anti-tumoral mechanism. A total of 122 studies were included for evaluation. Results: Twenty-seven studies passed for analysis. These in vitro and in vivo study reveals that vitamin D treatment can suppress cell proliferation, induce apoptosis, maintain cellular differentiation, reduce the pro-inflammatory response, inhibit angiogenesis, and hinder metastatic progression in colorectal cancer and colorectal adenoma cells by regulating associated gene transcription or directly prevents activation of selected signalling pathways. Five studies have also shown that adding calcium to vitamin D treatment increases the anti-tumoral activity of vitamin D through cross-talk between both of their pathways. Conclusion: Vitamin D could potentially impede colorectal cancer transformation and growth through interaction with various signalling pathways and regulating gene transcription. Further clinical studies are needed to confirm whether vitamin D can be used as the basis of targeted colorectal cancer therapy using its inherent anti-tumoral properties.

scholarly journals Detection of Colorectal Cancer and Advanced Adenoma by Liquid Biopsy (Decalib Study): The ddPCR Challenge

Cancers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Audelaure Junca ◽  
Gaëlle Tachon ◽  
Camille Evrard ◽  
Claire Villalva ◽  
Eric Frouin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Liquid Biopsy ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Occult Blood ◽  
Digital Pcr ◽  
Colorectal Carcinogenesis ◽  
Advanced Adenoma ◽  
Fecal Occult Blood ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Specificity And Sensitivity

Background: In most countries, participation in colorectal cancer (CRC) screening programs with the immunological fecal occult blood test (iFOBT) is low. Mutations of RAS and BRAF occur early in colorectal carcinogenesis and “liquid biopsy” allows detection of mutated circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA). This prospective study aims to evaluate the performance of RAS and BRAF-mutated ctDNA in detecting CRC and advanced adenomas (AA). Methods: One hundred and thirty patients who underwent colonoscopy for suspicion of colorectal lesion were included and divided into four groups: 20 CRC, 39 AA, 31 non-advanced adenoma and/or hyperplastic polyp(s) (NAA) and 40 with no lesion. Mutated ctDNA was analyzed by droplet digital PCR. Results: ctDNA was detected in 45.0% of CRC, in 2.6% of AA and none of the NAA and “no-lesion” groups. All patients with stage II to IV mutated CRC had detectable ctDNA (n = 8/8). Among the mutated AA, only one patient had detectable ctDNA (4.3%), maybe due to limited technical sensitivity or to a low rate of ctDNA or even the absence ctDNA in plasma. Specificity and sensitivity of KRAS- and BRAF-mutated ctDNA for the detection of all CRC and AA were 100% and 16.9%, respectively. Conclusions: ctDNA had high sensitivity in detection of advanced mutated CRC but was unable to sensitively detect AA. ctDNA analysis was easy to perform and readily accepted by the population but requires combination with other circulating biomarkers before replacing iFOBT.

scholarly journals Colorectal Adenoma Risk Is Increased among Recently Diagnosed Adult Celiac Disease Patients

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Juan Lasa ◽  
Astrid Rausch ◽  
Luis Florez Bracho ◽  
Josefina Altamirano ◽  
Daniela Speisky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Celiac Disease ◽  
Colorectal Adenoma ◽  
Colorectal Neoplasia ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Colorectal Adenomas ◽  
Screening Colonoscopy ◽  
Advanced Adenoma ◽  
Adenoma Detection ◽  
Adult Celiac Disease ◽  
Recent Diagnosis

Background. The association between celiac disease and colorectal neoplasia has been previously studied, but the question whether recently diagnosed celiac patients show an increased colorectal adenoma prevalence remains unanswered. Aims. To compare the prevalence of colorectal adenomas between adult patients with a recent diagnosis of celiac disease versus healthy controls. Materials and Methods. A retrospective case-control study was undertaken. Patients with a diagnosis of celiac disease at an age of 45 years or more who undertook colonoscopy six months before or six months after the initiation of a gluten-free diet were enrolled as cases. Asymptomatic subjects undertaking screening colonoscopy were recruited as controls in a 2 : 1 fashion. The prevalence of colorectal adenomas and the prevalence of advanced adenomas were compared between groups. Results. 57 celiac disease patients and 118 controls were enrolled. There was a greater prevalence of female patients among the celiac group, with no significant differences in terms of age. There were more obese patients among controls and a higher proportion of tabaquism among celiac patients. Adenoma prevalence was significantly higher among celiac patients (47.37% versus 27.97%, p=0.01). Advanced adenoma detection was not different between groups. Conclusion. Adult patients with a recent diagnosis of celiac disease have an increased prevalence of colorectal adenomas.

scholarly journals Calcium: magnesium intake ratio and colorectal carcinogenesis, results from the prostate, lung, colorectal, and ovarian cancer screening trial

2019 ◽  
Vol 121 (9) ◽  
pp. 796-804 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Zhao ◽  
Ayush Giri ◽  
Xiangzhu Zhu ◽  
Martha J. Shrubsole ◽  
Yixing Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Calcium Intake ◽  
Colorectal Carcinogenesis ◽  
Advanced Adenoma ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Ovarian Cancer Screening ◽  
Cancer Screening Trial ◽  
Screening Trial

Abstract Background We aimed to evaluate the associations between calcium and various stages of colorectal carcinogenesis and whether these associations are modified by the calcium to magnesium (Ca:Mg) ratio. Methods We tested our hypotheses in the prostate lung, colorectal and ovarian cancer screening trial. Results Calcium intake did not show a dose–response association with incident adenoma of any size/stage (P-trend = 0.17), but followed an inverse trend when restricted to synchronous/advanced adenoma cases (P-trend = 0.05). This inverse trend was mainly in participants with Ca:Mg ratios between 1.7 and 2.5 (P-trend = 0.05). No significant associations were observed for metachronous adenoma. Calcium intake was inversely associated with CRC (P-trend = 0.03); the association was primarily present for distal CRC (P-trend = 0.01). The inverse association between calcium and distal CRC was further modified by the Ca:Mg ratio (P-interaction < 0.01); significant dose–response associations were found only in participants with a Ca:Mg ratio between 1.7 and 2.5 (P-trend = 0.04). No associations for calcium were found in the Ca:Mg ratio above 2.5 or below 1.7. Conclusion Higher calcium intake may be related to reduced risks of incident advanced and/or synchronous adenoma and incident distal CRC among subjects with Ca:Mg intake ratios between 1.7 and 2.5.

Differential Expression of Mimecan and Thioredoxin Domain–Containing Protein 5 in Colorectal Adenoma and Cancer: A Proteomic Study

2007 ◽  
Vol 232 (9) ◽  
pp. 1152-1159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yinghong Wang ◽  
Yu Ma ◽  
Bingjian Lü ◽  
Enping Xu ◽  
Qiong Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Colorectal Adenoma ◽  
Normal Mucosa ◽  
Colorectal Adenomas ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Cancer Tissue ◽  
Differentially Expressed Proteins ◽  
Two Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Proteomic Study ◽  
Cancer Tissues

Adenoma is the major precursor lesion of colorectal cancer, one of the most common cancers worldwide. The elucidation of the molecular mechanism underlying adenoma is essential for early detection, prevention, and intervention of colorectal cancer. Using a combination of two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry, we identified 27 differentially expressed proteins in adenoma, compared with matched normal mucosa and cancer tissue. Seventeen proteins were upregulated and six downregulated in adenoma when compared with the same proteins in individual-matched normal mucosa. Four were downregulated, but none upregulated in adenoma when compared with the same proteins in matched cancer tissue. Two novel proteins, mimecan and thioredoxin domain–containing protein 5 (TXNDC5), were further validated by Western blot in 8 colorectal adenomas and 19 cancers that were matched with normal mucosa. All adenoma and cancer tissues did not express mimecan, but all normal mucosa did ( P < 0.01). In contrast, TXNDC5 was significantly upregulated in colorectal adenoma and cancer tissues as compared with that in normal mucosa ( P < 0.05). This study clearly demonstrated that absence of mimecan and upregulation of TXNDC5 are involved in the early development of colorectal cancer. Thus, the differentially expressed proteins might serve as potential biomarkers for colorectal cancer detection and intervention.

scholarly journals Untargeted Metabolomics Reveals Major Differences in the Plasma Metabolome between Colorectal Cancer and Colorectal Adenomas

Metabolites ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 119
Author(s):  
Tanja Gumpenberger ◽  
Stefanie Brezina ◽  
Pekka Keski-Rahkonen ◽  
Andreas Baierl ◽  
Nivonirina Robinot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Colorectal Adenomas ◽  
Colorectal Carcinogenesis ◽  
Sporadic Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Molecular Features ◽  
Colorectal Cancer Patients

Sporadic colorectal cancer is characterized by a multistep progression from normal epithelium to precancerous low-risk and high-risk adenomas to invasive cancer. Yet, the underlying molecular mechanisms of colorectal carcinogenesis are not completely understood. Within the “Metabolomic profiles throughout the continuum of colorectal cancer” (MetaboCCC) consortium we analyzed data generated by untargeted, mass spectrometry-based metabolomics using plasma from 88 colorectal cancer patients, 200 patients with high-risk adenomas and 200 patients with low-risk adenomas recruited within the “Colorectal Cancer Study of Austria” (CORSA). Univariate logistic regression models comparing colorectal cancer to adenomas resulted in 442 statistically significant molecular features. Metabolites discriminating colorectal cancer patients from those with adenomas in our dataset included acylcarnitines, caffeine, amino acids, glycerophospholipids, fatty acids, bilirubin, bile acids and bacterial metabolites of tryptophan. The data obtained discovers metabolite profiles reflecting metabolic differences between colorectal cancer and colorectal adenomas and delineates a potentially underlying biological interpretation.

scholarly journals Colorectal Cancer after Kidney Transplantation: A Screening Colonoscopy Case-Control Study

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 937
Author(s):  
Francesca Privitera ◽  
Rossella Gioco ◽  
Alba Ilari Civit ◽  
Daniela Corona ◽  
Simone Cremona ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Kidney Transplant ◽  
Colorectal Adenomas ◽  
Screening Colonoscopy ◽  
Advanced Adenoma ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
Transplant Recipients ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Kidney Transplant Recipients ◽  
Increased Risk

The incidence of colorectal cancer in kidney transplant recipients has been previously reported with conflicting results. In this study, we investigated if the incidence of colorectal advanced neoplasms in kidney transplant recipients, evaluated with screening colonoscopy, was higher than in healthy individuals. One-hundred sixty kidney transplant recipients undergoing screening colonoscopy were compared with 594 age- and sex-matched healthy individuals. Advanced colorectal neoplasia was found in 22 patients (13.7%), including four patients (2.5%) with colorectal cancer. Compared with the healthy population, kidney transplant recipients did not have an increased risk of developing a colorectal cancer (OR 0.69; 95% CI 0.236–2.063, p = 0.688) although it developed at a younger age. In contrast, kidney transplant recipients had a higher risk of developing an advanced adenoma compared with the control group (OR 1.65; 95% CI 0.930–2.981, p = 0.04). In conclusion, kidney transplant recipients did not have an increased incidence of colorectal cancer compared with healthy population. However, transplant patients displayed a higher incidence of colorectal adenomas, suggesting that screening colonoscopy in kidney transplant recipients should be expanded to include even younger recipients (<50 years old).

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