scholarly journals Intestinal autophagy links psychosocial stress with gut microbiota to promote inflammatory bowel disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shu-Ling Wang ◽  
Bo-Zong Shao ◽  
Sheng-Bing Zhao ◽  
Xin Chang ◽  
Pei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Psychosocial Stress ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Paneth Cell ◽  
Beclin 1 ◽  
Intestinal Biopsy ◽  
Microbial Dysbiosis ◽  
Promising Therapeutic Target ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Abstract Psychosocial stress is a critical inducing factor of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), while autophagy is a novel central issue of IBD development. The present study investigated the potential role of autophagy in stress-related IBD in patients and animal model. The correlation between psychosocial stress and intestinal autophagy was determined in 23 patients with IBD. Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), a well-established inducer of psychosocial stress, was administrated in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced IBD mice and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM). In IBD patients, the autophagy markers beclin-1, LC3-II/I ratio, Atg16L1, and Atg4B were significantly enhanced. The psychosocial stress score was positively associated with the levels of beclin-1 and the LC3II/I ratio in intestinal biopsy specimens. In IBD mouse model, CRH significantly aggravated intestinal inflammation, increased Paneth cell metaplasia, and enhanced intestinal autophagy (beclin-1, Atg16L1, PIK3R4, and Atg4B upregulation; GAA, CTSD, and PPKAA1 downregulation). Additionally, the CRH-induced gut microbial dysbiosis was evidenced by a marked increase in the number of detrimental bacteria. In LPS-stimulated BMDM, CRH substantially increased M1/M2 polarization and thus promoted inflammation. In both IBD mice and LPS-treated BMDM, blockade of autophagy by chloroquine abrogated the unbeneficial effects of CRH, whereas autophagy inducer rapamycin resulted in a pronounced protective effect against IBD lesion. Our data demonstrate that psychosocial stress may link the enhanced intestinal autophagy by modulating gut microbiota and inflammation to aggravate IBD. These data indicate autophagy as a promising therapeutic target for psychosocial stress-related IBD.

scholarly journals The application of omics techniques to understand the role of the gut microbiota in inflammatory bowel disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 175628481882225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan P. Segal ◽  
Benjamin H. Mullish ◽  
Mohammed Nabil Quraishi ◽  
Animesh Acharjee ◽  
Horace R. T. Williams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systems Biology ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Complex Interaction ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Compositional Changes

The aetiopathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) involves the complex interaction between a patient’s genetic predisposition, environment, gut microbiota and immune system. Currently, however, it is not known if the distinctive perturbations of the gut microbiota that appear to accompany both Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis are the cause of, or the result of, the intestinal inflammation that characterizes IBD. With the utilization of novel systems biology technologies, we can now begin to understand not only details about compositional changes in the gut microbiota in IBD, but increasingly also the alterations in microbiota function that accompany these. Technologies such as metagenomics, metataxomics, metatranscriptomics, metaproteomics and metabonomics are therefore allowing us a deeper understanding of the role of the microbiota in IBD. Furthermore, the integration of these systems biology technologies through advancing computational and statistical techniques are beginning to understand the microbiome interactions that both contribute to health and diseased states in IBD. This review aims to explore how such systems biology technologies are advancing our understanding of the gut microbiota, and their potential role in delineating the aetiology, development and clinical care of IBD.

Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: The Role of Gut Microbiota

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (25) ◽  
pp. 2951-2961 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristiana De Musis ◽  
Lucia Granata ◽  
Marcello Dallio ◽  
Agnese Miranda ◽  
Antonietta G. Gravina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Trigger Factor ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

: Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are chronic multifactorial diseases characterized by partially unclear pathogenic mechanisms including changes in intestinal microbiota. Despite the microbiota, alteration is well established in IBD patients, as reported by 16RNA sequencing analysis, an important goal is to define if it is just a consequence of the disease progression or a trigger factor of the disease itself. To date, gut microbiota composition and gut microbiota-related metabolites seem to affect the host healthy state both by modulating metabolic pathways or acting on the expression of different genes through epigenetic effects. Because of this, it has been suggested that intestinal microbiota might represent a promising therapeutic target for IBD patients. : The aim of this review is to summarize both the most recent acquisitions in the field of gut microbiota and its involvement in intestinal inflammation together with the available strategies for the modulation of microbiota, such as prebiotics and/or probiotics administration or fecal microbiota transplantation.

Evaluation and Treatment of Monogenic Forms of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dror S Shouval
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cell ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Complex Disorders ◽  
Monogenic Disorders ◽  
Microbial Dysbiosis ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are complex disorders that develop in genetically susceptible hosts due to dysregulated immune responses to microbial dysbiosis and environmental changes. Although in the vast majority of cases, the genetic contribution to development of these diseases is small, in rare cases, IBD develops directly as a result of deleterious mutations in the genes involved in immune and epithelial cell function. In these cases, intestinal inflammation is usually severe, which develops in most cases in the first years of life and occasionally is accompanied by recurrent or atypical infections. In this review, the approach to different monogenic disorders that cause IBD is discussed, including mutations in the IL-10 pathway, neutrophil defects, regulatory T-cell disorders, autoinflammatory conditions, epithelial cell diseases, and disorders affecting B- and T-lymphocyte dysfunction. Moreover, a multidisciplinary diagnostic approach is suggested, which highlights in which cases a monogenic disorder should be suspected. This review contains 3 figures, 3 tables, and 42 references. Key Words: inflammatory bowel disease, IL-10, chronic granulomatous disease, common variable immune deficiency, epithelial cells, genetics, immune cells, mucosal homeostasis, pathogenesis, very early–onset disease.

Evaluation and Treatment of Monogenic Forms of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dror S Shouval
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cell ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Complex Disorders ◽  
Monogenic Disorders ◽  
Microbial Dysbiosis ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are complex disorders that develop in genetically susceptible hosts due to dysregulated immune responses to microbial dysbiosis and environmental changes. Although in the vast majority of cases, the genetic contribution to development of these diseases is small, in rare cases, IBD develops directly as a result of deleterious mutations in the genes involved in immune and epithelial cell function. In these cases, intestinal inflammation is usually severe, which develops in most cases in the first years of life and occasionally is accompanied by recurrent or atypical infections. In this review, the approach to different monogenic disorders that cause IBD is discussed, including mutations in the IL-10 pathway, neutrophil defects, regulatory T-cell disorders, autoinflammatory conditions, epithelial cell diseases, and disorders affecting B- and T-lymphocyte dysfunction. Moreover, a multidisciplinary diagnostic approach is suggested, which highlights in which cases a monogenic disorder should be suspected. This review contains 3 figures, 3 tables, and 42 references. Key Words: inflammatory bowel disease, IL-10, chronic granulomatous disease, common variable immune deficiency, epithelial cells, genetics, immune cells, mucosal homeostasis, pathogenesis, very early–onset disease.

scholarly journals The Role of Gut Microbiota Biomodulators on Mucosal Immunity and Intestinal Inflammation

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiara Amoroso ◽  
Federica Perillo ◽  
Francesco Strati ◽  
Massimo Fantini ◽  
Flavio Caprioli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Targeted Therapies ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Current Therapies ◽  
Microbe Interactions ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Host Microbe Interactions

Alterations of the gut microbiota may cause dysregulated mucosal immune responses leading to the onset of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) in genetically susceptible hosts. Restoring immune homeostasis through the normalization of the gut microbiota is now considered a valuable therapeutic approach to treat IBD patients. The customization of microbe-targeted therapies, including antibiotics, prebiotics, live biotherapeutics and faecal microbiota transplantation, is therefore considered to support current therapies in IBD management. In this review, we will discuss recent advancements in the understanding of host−microbe interactions in IBD and the basis to promote homeostatic immune responses through microbe-targeted therapies. By considering gut microbiota dysbiosis as a key feature for the establishment of chronic inflammatory events, in the near future it will be suitable to design new cost-effective, physiologic, and patient-oriented therapeutic strategies for the treatment of IBD that can be applied in a personalized manner.

scholarly journals Mediterranean Diet to Prevent the Development of Colon Diseases: A Meta-Analysis of Gut Microbiota Studies

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 2234
Author(s):  
Oscar Illescas ◽  
Miriam Rodríguez-Sosa ◽  
Manuela Gariboldi
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Preventive Measure ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Preventive Method ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Colon Diseases ◽  
Cancer And Inflammation

Gut microbiota dysbiosis is a common feature in colorectal cancer (CRC) and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Adoption of the Mediterranean diet (MD) has been proposed as a therapeutic approach for the prevention of multiple diseases, and one of its mechanisms of action is the modulation of the microbiota. We aimed to determine whether MD can be used as a preventive measure against cancer and inflammation-related diseases of the gut, based on its capacity to modulate the local microbiota. A joint meta-analysis of publicly available 16S data derived from subjects following MD or other diets and from patients with CRC, IBD, or other gut-related diseases was conducted. We observed that the microbiota associated with MD was enriched in bacteria that promote an anti-inflammatory environment but low in taxa with pro-inflammatory properties capable of altering intestinal barrier functions. We found an opposite trend in patients with intestinal diseases, including cancer. Some of these differences were maintained even when MD was compared to healthy controls without a defined diet. Our findings highlight the unique effects of MD on the gut microbiota and suggest that integrating MD principles into a person’s lifestyle may serve as a preventive method against cancer and other gut-related diseases.

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