scholarly journals The Role of Gut Microbiota Biomodulators on Mucosal Immunity and Intestinal Inflammation

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiara Amoroso ◽  
Federica Perillo ◽  
Francesco Strati ◽  
Massimo Fantini ◽  
Flavio Caprioli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Targeted Therapies ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Current Therapies ◽  
Microbe Interactions ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Host Microbe Interactions

Alterations of the gut microbiota may cause dysregulated mucosal immune responses leading to the onset of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) in genetically susceptible hosts. Restoring immune homeostasis through the normalization of the gut microbiota is now considered a valuable therapeutic approach to treat IBD patients. The customization of microbe-targeted therapies, including antibiotics, prebiotics, live biotherapeutics and faecal microbiota transplantation, is therefore considered to support current therapies in IBD management. In this review, we will discuss recent advancements in the understanding of host−microbe interactions in IBD and the basis to promote homeostatic immune responses through microbe-targeted therapies. By considering gut microbiota dysbiosis as a key feature for the establishment of chronic inflammatory events, in the near future it will be suitable to design new cost-effective, physiologic, and patient-oriented therapeutic strategies for the treatment of IBD that can be applied in a personalized manner.

The Gut Microbiome and Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Shan ◽  
Mirae Lee ◽  
Eugene B. Chang
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Annual Review ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Microbe Interactions ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Host Microbe Interactions ◽  
And Function

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) arise from a convergence of genetic risk, environmental factors, and gut microbiota, where each is necessary but not sufficient to cause disease. Emerging evidence supports a bidirectional relationship between disease progression and changes in microbiota membership and function. Thus, the study of the gut microbiome and host–microbe interactions should provide critical insights into disease pathogenesis as well as leads for developing microbiome-based diagnostics and interventions for IBD. In this article, we review the most recent advances in understanding the relationship between the gut microbiota and IBD and highlight the importance of going beyond establishing description and association to gain mechanistic insights into causes and consequences of IBD. The review aims to contextualize recent findings to form conceptional frameworks for understanding the etiopathogenesis of IBD and for the future development of microbiome-based diagnostics and interventions. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Medicine, Volume 73 is January 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

scholarly journals The application of omics techniques to understand the role of the gut microbiota in inflammatory bowel disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 175628481882225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan P. Segal ◽  
Benjamin H. Mullish ◽  
Mohammed Nabil Quraishi ◽  
Animesh Acharjee ◽  
Horace R. T. Williams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systems Biology ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Complex Interaction ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Compositional Changes

The aetiopathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) involves the complex interaction between a patient’s genetic predisposition, environment, gut microbiota and immune system. Currently, however, it is not known if the distinctive perturbations of the gut microbiota that appear to accompany both Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis are the cause of, or the result of, the intestinal inflammation that characterizes IBD. With the utilization of novel systems biology technologies, we can now begin to understand not only details about compositional changes in the gut microbiota in IBD, but increasingly also the alterations in microbiota function that accompany these. Technologies such as metagenomics, metataxomics, metatranscriptomics, metaproteomics and metabonomics are therefore allowing us a deeper understanding of the role of the microbiota in IBD. Furthermore, the integration of these systems biology technologies through advancing computational and statistical techniques are beginning to understand the microbiome interactions that both contribute to health and diseased states in IBD. This review aims to explore how such systems biology technologies are advancing our understanding of the gut microbiota, and their potential role in delineating the aetiology, development and clinical care of IBD.

scholarly journals Intestinal autophagy links psychosocial stress with gut microbiota to promote inflammatory bowel disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shu-Ling Wang ◽  
Bo-Zong Shao ◽  
Sheng-Bing Zhao ◽  
Xin Chang ◽  
Pei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Psychosocial Stress ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Paneth Cell ◽  
Beclin 1 ◽  
Intestinal Biopsy ◽  
Microbial Dysbiosis ◽  
Promising Therapeutic Target ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Abstract Psychosocial stress is a critical inducing factor of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), while autophagy is a novel central issue of IBD development. The present study investigated the potential role of autophagy in stress-related IBD in patients and animal model. The correlation between psychosocial stress and intestinal autophagy was determined in 23 patients with IBD. Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), a well-established inducer of psychosocial stress, was administrated in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced IBD mice and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM). In IBD patients, the autophagy markers beclin-1, LC3-II/I ratio, Atg16L1, and Atg4B were significantly enhanced. The psychosocial stress score was positively associated with the levels of beclin-1 and the LC3II/I ratio in intestinal biopsy specimens. In IBD mouse model, CRH significantly aggravated intestinal inflammation, increased Paneth cell metaplasia, and enhanced intestinal autophagy (beclin-1, Atg16L1, PIK3R4, and Atg4B upregulation; GAA, CTSD, and PPKAA1 downregulation). Additionally, the CRH-induced gut microbial dysbiosis was evidenced by a marked increase in the number of detrimental bacteria. In LPS-stimulated BMDM, CRH substantially increased M1/M2 polarization and thus promoted inflammation. In both IBD mice and LPS-treated BMDM, blockade of autophagy by chloroquine abrogated the unbeneficial effects of CRH, whereas autophagy inducer rapamycin resulted in a pronounced protective effect against IBD lesion. Our data demonstrate that psychosocial stress may link the enhanced intestinal autophagy by modulating gut microbiota and inflammation to aggravate IBD. These data indicate autophagy as a promising therapeutic target for psychosocial stress-related IBD.

scholarly journals Improving the Efficacy of Mesenchymal/Stromal-Based Therapy for Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1507
Author(s):  
Mercedes Lopez-Santalla ◽  
Marina Inmaculada Garin
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Commensal Microbiota ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) consisting of persistent and relapsing inflammatory processes of the intestinal mucosa are caused by genetic, environmental, and commensal microbiota factors. Despite recent advances in clinical treatments aiming to decrease inflammation, nearly 30% of patients treated with biologicals experienced drawbacks including loss of response, while others can develop severe side effects. Hence, novel effective treatments are highly needed. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cell (MSCs) therapy is an innovative therapeutic alternative currently under investigation for IBD. MSCs have the inherent capacity of modulating inflammatory immune responses as well as regenerating damaged tissues and are therefore a prime candidate to use as cell therapy in patients with IBD. At present, MSC-based therapy has been shown preclinically to modulate intestinal inflammation, whilst the safety of MSC-based therapy has been demonstrated in clinical trials. However, the successful results in preclinical studies have not been replicated in clinical trials. In this review, we will summarize the protocols used in preclinical and clinical trials and the novel approaches currently under investigation which aim to increase the beneficial effects of MSC-based therapy for IBD.

Immunological Responses to Gut Bacteria

2012 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia M Green-Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Innate Immune Responses ◽  
Host Defenses ◽  
Immunological Responses ◽  
Host Health ◽  
Microbe Interactions ◽  
Host Microbe Interactions

Abstract The integral nature of interactions between the gut microbiota and host is especially evident with respect to effects on the immune system and host defenses. Host-microbiota interactions are increasingly being revealed as complex and dynamic, with far-reaching effects on varied aspects of host health. This review focuses on adaptive and innate immune responses to the gut microbiota and the bidirectional nature of these host-microbe interactions.

scholarly journals Dietary Magnesium Alleviates Experimental Murine Colitis through Modulation of Gut Microbiota

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 4188
Author(s):  
Federica Del Chierico ◽  
Valentina Trapani ◽  
Valentina Petito ◽  
Sofia Reddel ◽  
Giuseppe Pietropaolo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Intestinal Flora ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Nutritional Deficiencies ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Murine Colitis ◽  
Dietary Magnesium ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Nutritional deficiencies are common in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). In patients, magnesium (Mg) deficiency is associated with disease severity, while in murine models, dietary Mg supplementation contributes to restoring mucosal function. Since Mg availability modulates key bacterial functions, including growth and virulence, we investigated whether the beneficial effects of Mg supplementation during colitis might be mediated by gut microbiota. The effects of dietary Mg modulation were assessed in a murine model of dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis by monitoring magnesemia, weight, and fecal consistency. Gut microbiota were analyzed by 16S-rRNA based profiling on fecal samples. Mg supplementation improved microbiota richness in colitic mice, increased abundance of Bifidobacterium and reduced Enterobacteriaceae. KEEG pathway analysis predicted an increase in biosynthetic metabolism, DNA repair and translation pathways during Mg supplementation and in the presence of colitis, while low Mg conditions favored catabolic processes. Thus, dietary Mg supplementation increases bacteria involved in intestinal health and metabolic homeostasis, and reduces bacteria involved in inflammation and associated with human diseases, such as IBD. These findings suggest that Mg supplementation may be a safe and cost-effective strategy to ameliorate disease symptoms and restore a beneficial intestinal flora in IBD patients.

scholarly journals A gut pathobiont synergizes with the microbiota to instigate inflammatory disease marked by immunoreactivity against other symbionts but not itself

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Carlos Gomes-Neto ◽  
Hatem Kittana ◽  
Sara Mantz ◽  
Rafael R. Segura Munoz ◽  
Robert J. Schmaltz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Dextran Sulfate ◽  
Dextran Sulfate Sodium ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Th17 Response ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Etiological Agents ◽  
Induced Changes

AbstractInflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are likely driven by aberrant immune responses directed against the resident microbiota. Although IBD is commonly associated with a dysbiotic microbiota enriched in putative pathobionts, the etiological agents of IBD remain unknown. Using a pathobiont-induced intestinal inflammation model and a defined bacterial community, we provide new insights into the immune-microbiota interactions during disease. In our model system, the pathobiontHelicobacter bilisinstigates disease following sub-pathological dextran sulfate sodium treatment. We show thatH. biliscauses mild inflammation in mono-associated mice, but severe disease in the presence of a microbiota, demonstrating synergy between the pathobiont and microbiota in exacerbating pathology. Remarkably, inflammation depends on the presence ofH. bilis, but is marked by a predominant Th17 response against specific members of the microbiota and not the pathobiont, even upon the removal of the most immune-dominant taxa. Neither increases in pathobiont burden nor unique changes in immune-targeted microbiota member abundances are observed during disease. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that a pathobiont instigates inflammation without being the primary target of a Th17 response or by altering the microbiota community structure. Moreover, our findings point toward monitoring pathobiont-induced changes in microbiota immune targeting as a new concept in IBD diagnotics.

Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: The Role of Gut Microbiota

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (25) ◽  
pp. 2951-2961 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristiana De Musis ◽  
Lucia Granata ◽  
Marcello Dallio ◽  
Agnese Miranda ◽  
Antonietta G. Gravina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Trigger Factor ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

: Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are chronic multifactorial diseases characterized by partially unclear pathogenic mechanisms including changes in intestinal microbiota. Despite the microbiota, alteration is well established in IBD patients, as reported by 16RNA sequencing analysis, an important goal is to define if it is just a consequence of the disease progression or a trigger factor of the disease itself. To date, gut microbiota composition and gut microbiota-related metabolites seem to affect the host healthy state both by modulating metabolic pathways or acting on the expression of different genes through epigenetic effects. Because of this, it has been suggested that intestinal microbiota might represent a promising therapeutic target for IBD patients. : The aim of this review is to summarize both the most recent acquisitions in the field of gut microbiota and its involvement in intestinal inflammation together with the available strategies for the modulation of microbiota, such as prebiotics and/or probiotics administration or fecal microbiota transplantation.

scholarly journals Exposure of the Host-Associated Microbiome to Nutrient-Rich Conditions May Lead to Dysbiosis and Disease Development—an Evolutionary Perspective

mBio ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Lachnit ◽  
Thomas C. G. Bosch ◽  
Peter Deines
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Disease Development ◽  
Inflammatory Reactions ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Microbe Interactions ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Host Microbe Interactions ◽  
Increased Activity ◽  
Human Specific

ABSTRACTInflammatory diseases, such as inflammatory bowel diseases, are dramatically increasing worldwide, but an understanding of the underlying factors is lacking. We here present an ecoevolutionary perspective on the emergence of inflammatory diseases. We propose that adaptation has led to fine-tuned host-microbe interactions, which are maintained by secreted host metabolites nourishing the associated microbes. A constant elevation of nutrients in the gut environment leads to an increased activity and changed functionality of the microbiota, thus severely disturbing host-microbe interactions and leading to dysbiosis and disease development. In the past, starvation and pathogen infections, causing diarrhea, were common incidences that reset the gut bacterial community to its “human-specific-baseline.” However, these natural clearing mechanisms have been virtually eradicated in developed countries, allowing a constant uncontrolled growth of bacteria. This leads to an increase of bacterial products that stimulate the immune system and ultimately might initiate inflammatory reactions.

Alleviation of DSS-induced colitis via Lactobacillus acidophilus treatment in mice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Woon-Ki Kim ◽  
Dae Hee Han ◽  
You Jin Jang ◽  
SungJun Park ◽  
Sung Jae Jang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ◽  
Lactobacillus Acidophilus ◽  
Micro Rna ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Rna Levels

L. acidophilus treatment can modulate immune responses, control the micro-RNA levels and restore the gut microbiota of mice with DSS-induced colitis. Therefore, L. acidophilus treatment could be useful to control inflammatory bowel diseases.

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