scholarly journals Mechanisms of microbe-immune system dialogue within the skin

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nonhlanhla Lunjani ◽  
Sinead Ahearn-Ford ◽  
Felix S. Dube ◽  
Carol Hlela ◽  
Liam O’Mahony
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Health It ◽  
Skin Disorders ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Dynamic Community ◽  
Signalling Systems

AbstractThe prevalence and severity of dermatological conditions such as atopic dermatitis have increased dramatically during recent decades. Many of the factors associated with an altered risk of developing inflammatory skin disorders have also been shown to alter the composition and diversity of non-pathogenic microbial communities that inhabit the human host. While the most densely microbial populated organ is the gut, culture and non-culture-based technologies have revealed a dynamic community of bacteria, fungi, viruses and mites that exist on healthy human skin, which change during disease. In this review, we highlight some of the recent findings on the mechanisms through which microbes interact with each other on the skin and the signalling systems that mediate communication between the immune system and skin-associated microbes. In addition, we summarize the ongoing clinical studies that are targeting the microbiome in patients with skin disorders. While significant efforts are still required to decipher the mechanisms underpinning host-microbe communication relevant to skin health, it is likely that disease-related microbial communities, or Dermatypes, will help identify personalized treatments and appropriate microbial reconstitution strategies.

Acupuncture and Immunomodulation

2008 ◽  
Vol 36 (01) ◽  
pp. 25-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehmet T. Cabioğlu ◽  
B. Eren Cetin
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Acupuncture Therapy ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Immune Modulation ◽  
Electrical Current ◽  
Health It ◽  
Vast Number ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Acupuncture is a well-known form of Asian medical treatment and it is used not only as an effective curative method but also to prevent illness and mai ntain health. It is used for the production of analgesic effect; stress related physical-mental disorders and homeostasis. Electroacupuncture (EA) stimulation, an application of electrical current on acupuncture needles, is one of the most popular types of this traditional therapy. In recent years, intensive studies have been carried out to explain the underlying mechanisms of the efficacy of acupuncture. An increase in the release of endogen opioid peptides is generally accepted to be a keystone pathway that affects the immune system after the acupuncture application. To understand the huge gap between specific skin point applications and immune responses, a vast number of accumulating data of experimental and clinical studies in the literature have been collected. This paper reviews the data to explain the updated mechanisms related to immune modulation via acupuncture therapy.

scholarly journals Pruritus and Atopic Dermatitis: from Etiological Features to Management

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 468-476
Author(s):  
Nikolay N. Murashkin ◽  
Leonid A. Opryatin ◽  
Roman V. Epishev ◽  
Alexander I. Materikin ◽  
Eduard T. Ambarchian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Skin Barrier ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Scientific Images

Pruritus is one of the main clinical manifestations of atopic dermatitis, and it significantly reduces the quality of life of patients in childhood. Scientific images on its pathophysiological basis have now undergone significant changes. The histamine exceptional role in pruritus development was confounded, as well as data on immune system involvement in its maintenance was given. This article presents current data on differential approaches to pruritus management depending on its etiopathogenetic characteristics. The role of dermocosmetics in restoration of the skin barrier as the first stage prevention of pruritus in atopic dermatitis was considered. The results of clinical studies showing efficacy of topical agents (innovative component with anti-pruritic action — STIMU-TEX) application are presented.

The Immune System and Atopic Dermatitis

2008 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elif Dokmeci ◽  
Christina A. Herrick
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Immune System

scholarly journals Features of immunopathogenesis of atopic dermatitis

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-80
Author(s):  
Olga O. Pobezhimova ◽  
Alexsander V. Zhestkov ◽  
Olga S. Sidorova ◽  
Vera V. Kulagina
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Gradual Increase ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Skin Disorders ◽  
Traditional Therapies ◽  
Genetically Determined ◽  
Chronic Course

Atopic dermatitis is one of the most common allergic diseases with severe course, which affects the skin. This disease is genetically determined and has a chronic course. Atopic dermatitis is also one of the commonest diseases (between 20% and 40% of all skin disorders) and affects patients of both sexes across the globe. Such high rate of morbidity, onset in early childhood, often continuous relapsing course and a trend toward gradual increase of tolerance to traditional therapies makes the issue of detalization of pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis particularly topical. Immune cells play one of the major roles in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis. This article will systematically review the main available to date information on participation immune cells in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis.

scholarly journals Influence of immunological nutrition on treatment of patients with oncological profile

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-24
Author(s):  
M. O. Katrichenko ◽  
I. I. Lisnyi
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Immunological Reactions

In the reviewed article, we consider epidemiological and laboratory data that confirm the protective effects of biologically active nutrients in our diet for various diseases. Along with various factors such as alcohol, smoking, nutrition plays a vital role in influencing the patient’s immune response by transforming cells or by preventing, or acceleration of malignancy. Many data suggest that immunoactive nutrients control inflammatory and precancerous reactions in immune cells. Immunoprophylaxis is usually associated with modulation of the immune response when inflamed, thereby improving clinical outcomes. Different nutrients, including glutamine, arginine, vitamins, minerals and long-chain fatty acids, are important components of immunological nutrition. Clinical studies associated with these substances show different results with minimal effect. However, some studies have shown that these nutrients may have immunomodulatory effects that can reduce the risk of developing cancer. Pre-clinical studies claim that most of these nutrients have a positive effect in the complex treatment of cancer patients. In this article, we will consider the effect of the above nutrients on the immune system in patients of oncologic profile. Recent evidences suggest that immunological nutrition plays an important role in the development of cancer and its progression. Data from animal studies have clearly shown that the use of immunomodulatory nutrients isolated from food, by launching a cascade of immunological reactions, can detect and eliminate the tumor. Although the technology has evolved to such an extent that we can study each individual cytokine or function of the immune cell, it is difficult to demonstrate the powerful role of the immune system in preventing or treating cancer due to the complexity of the tumor cell or heterogeneity in different patients' populations. However, the study sheds light on interactions in immune responses and cancer development, prevention and therapeutic strategies that involve modulation through biologically active agents.

scholarly journals Human gut microbial communities dictate efficacy of anti-PD-1 therapy in a humanized microbiome mouse model of glioma

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kory J Dees ◽  
Hyunmin Koo ◽  
J Fraser Humphreys ◽  
Joseph A Hakim ◽  
David K Crossman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Model ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Metagenomic Sequencing ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Fecal Transplantation ◽  
Host Interaction ◽  
Shotgun Metagenomic Sequencing ◽  
Mouse Lines

Abstract Background Although immunotherapy works well in glioblastoma (GBM) preclinical mouse models, the therapy has not demonstrated efficacy in humans. To address this anomaly, we developed a novel humanized microbiome (HuM) model to study the response to immunotherapy in a preclinical mouse model of GBM. Methods We used 5 healthy human donors for fecal transplantation of gnotobiotic mice. After the transplanted microbiomes stabilized, the mice were bred to generate 5 independent humanized mouse lines (HuM1-HuM5). Results Analysis of shotgun metagenomic sequencing data from fecal samples revealed a unique microbiome with significant differences in diversity and microbial composition among HuM1-HuM5 lines. All HuM mouse lines were susceptible to GBM transplantation, and exhibited similar median survival ranging from 19 to 26 days. Interestingly, we found that HuM lines responded differently to the immune checkpoint inhibitor anti-PD-1. Specifically, we demonstrate that HuM1, HuM4, and HuM5 mice are nonresponders to anti-PD-1, while HuM2 and HuM3 mice are responsive to anti-PD-1 and displayed significantly increased survival compared to isotype controls. Bray-Curtis cluster analysis of the 5 HuM gut microbial communities revealed that responders HuM2 and HuM3 were closely related, and detailed taxonomic comparison analysis revealed that Bacteroides cellulosilyticus was commonly found in HuM2 and HuM3 with high abundances. Conclusions The results of our study establish the utility of humanized microbiome mice as avatars to delineate features of the host interaction with gut microbial communities needed for effective immunotherapy against GBM.

New possibilities of external therapy for atopic dermatitis based on the use of natural silicon oxide

2020 ◽  
pp. 44-51
Author(s):  
Sh. Z. Мavlyanova ◽  
A. I. Ismogilov ◽  
J. B. Mullakhanov ◽  
A. U. Burkhanov ◽  
Sh. Khonkhodjaev
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Silicon Oxide ◽  
Pathological Process ◽  
Symptom Scale ◽  
New Approaches ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

The article presents new approaches to the external therapy of atopic dermatitis using a moisturizing, toning, anti-inflammatory cream «Fatiderm». Clinical studies have shown that Fatiderm cream helps to reduce the severity of the dermatological index of the symptom scale, eliminate subjective sensations, and improve the dynamics of the skin pathological process.

IMMU-09. HUMAN MICROBIOTA INFLUENCE THE EFFICACY OF IMMUNOTHERAPY IN A MOUSE MODEL OF GLIOBLASTOMA

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (Supplement_6) ◽  
pp. vi93-vi94
Author(s):  
Kory Dees ◽  
Hyunmin Koo ◽  
James Humphreys ◽  
Joseph Hakim ◽  
David Crossman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Model ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Mouse Models ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Positive Response ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Metagenomic Sequencing ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Healthy Human

Abstract Although immunotherapy works well in glioblastoma (GBM) pre-clinical mouse models, the therapy has unfortunately not demonstrated efficacy in humans. In melanoma and other cancers, the composition of the gut microbiome has been shown to determine responsiveness or resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors (anti-PD-1). Most pre-clinical cancer studies have been done in mouse models using mouse gut microbiomes, but there are significant differences between mouse and human microbial gut compositions. To address this inconsistency, we developed a novel humanized microbiome (HuM) model to study the response to immunotherapy in a pre-clinical mouse model of GBM. We used five healthy human donors for fecal transplantation of gnotobiotic mice. After the transplanted microbiomes stabilized, the mice were bred to generate five independent humanized mouse lines (HuM1-HuM5). Analysis of shotgun metagenomic sequencing data from fecal samples revealed a unique microbiome with significant differences in diversity and microbial composition among HuM1-HuM5 lines. Interestingly, we found that the HuM lines responded differently to anti-PD-1. Specifically, we demonstrate that HuM2 and HuM3 mice are responsive to anti-PD-1 and displayed significantly increased survival compared to isotype controls, while HuM1, HuM4, and HuM5 mice are resistant to anti-PD-1. These mice are genetically identical, and only differ in the composition of the gut microbiome. In a correlative experiment, we found that disrupting the responder HuM2 microbiome with antibiotics abrogated the positive response to anti-PD-1, indicating that HuM2 microbiota must be present in the mice to elicit the positive response to anti-PD-1 in the GBM model. The question remains of whether the “responsive” microbial communities in HuM2 and HuM3 can be therapeutically exploited and applicable in other tumor models, or if the “resistant” microbial communities in HuM1, HuM4, and HuM5 can be depleted and/or replaced. Future studies will assess responder microbial transplants as a method of enhancing immunotherapy.

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